HERITAGE ASSETS OF

EUROPEPresented by:

Tiffany Ashlae Cayetano

Mrs. Maria Cristina MirasolInstructor

2016

HERITAGE TOURISM

TIFFANY ASHLAE CAYETANO

TIFFANY ASHLAE CAYETANO

TIFFANY ASHLAE CAYETANO

VATICAN CITY

TIFFANY ASHLAE CAYETANO

VATICAN CITY• Situated in Rome, Italy• Also called “The Holy See”• Vatican City is the smallest country

in the world• Area: 44 hectares (110 acres)• Population: 800+

TIFFANY ASHLAE CAYETANO

VATICAN CITY• An independent state by both area

and population• One of the most sacred places in

Christendom• Spiritual center of Catholicism• Attests to a great history and a

formidable spiritual venture• Home to the Roman Catholic Pope

TIFFANY ASHLAE CAYETANO

VATICAN CITY• Interesting facts about the Pope

– There is a monarchy in Vatican City though it is not hereditary by birth right just like in England. Vatican City is ruled by whoever is elected by the Bishop of Rome, and that is the Pope

– The latest Pope elected was Francis I on March 14, 2013

– The Sistine Chapel is where the enclave of Bishops meet to elect a new Pope

– The Pope must always live in the Vatican no matter where they are from

VATICAN CITY• A unique collection of artistic and

architectural masterpieces lie within the boundaries of this small state– Creation of the Renaissance and of Baroque

art• At its center is St. Peter’s Basilica, with its

double colonnade and a circular piazza in front and bordered by palaces and gardens– The basilica, erected over the tomb of St.

Peter the Apostle, is the largest religious building in the world, the fruit of the combined genius of Bramante, Raphael, Michelangelo, Bernini and Maderno <video clip: St Peter's Basilica, Vatican City, Rome, Italy>

TIFFANY ASHLAE CAYETANO

TIFFANY ASHLAE CAYETANO

“The Last Supper” by Leonardo da Vinci

TIFFANY ASHLAE CAYETANO

• Inscribed in 1984 by the UNESCO World Heritage Site– Criterion (i): The Vatican, a continuous artistic creation

whose progress spreads over centuries, represents a unique masterpiece of the modelling of a space, integrating creations which are among the most renowned of mankind

– Criterion (ii): The Vatican exerted a deep influence on the development of art from the 16th century

– Criterion (iv): The Vatican is both an ideal and exemplary religious and palatial creation of the Renaissance and of Baroque art

– Criterion (vi): Site of the tomb of Saint Peter and pilgrimage centre, the Vatican is directly and materially linked with the history of Christianity

VATICAN CITY

TIFFANY ASHLAE CAYETANO

VATICAN CITY• Authenticity– The property meets the required conditions of

authenticity, since most of its features are still preserved and maintained in their initial form, perform their primary functions and truthfully convey their original spiritual and cultural values

• The best illustration of all four criteria is the Sistine Chapel <video clip: The Michelangelo Code: Lost Secrets of the Sistine Chapel>

TIFFANY ASHLAE CAYETANO

VATICAN CITY• Vatican City’s Most Popular

Attractions <video clip: Vatican City, Italy - Travel Guide>

TIFFANY ASHLAE CAYETANO

Stonehenge, Avebury, and Associated Sites

TIFFANY ASHLAE CAYETANO

Stonehenge, Avebury, and Associated Sites

TIFFANY ASHLAE CAYETANO

Stonehenge, Avebury, and Associated Sites

• Situated in Wiltshire, England, UK• Constructed between c. 3700 and 1600

BC• They provide insight into the funerary

and ceremonial practices in Britain in the Neolithic and Bronze Age

• Stonehenge and Avebury are among the most famous groups of prehistoric megalithic monuments in the world

TIFFANY ASHLAE CAYETANO

Stonehenge, Avebury, and Associated Sites

• Outstanding prehistoric monuments from the Neolithic and Bronze Age

• Incomparable testimony to prehistoric times

• Over 700 other monuments spanning around 2,000 years of history

• Circles of menhirs arranged in a pattern whose ancient astronomical significance is still being explored

TIFFANY ASHLAE CAYETANO

Stonehenge, Avebury, and Associated Sites

• Stonehenge is the most famous and architecturally sophisticated stone circle in the world– Includes:

• Avenue• Cursus• Durrington Walls• Woodhenge

• Avebury has the largest prehistoric stone circle in the world– Includes:

• Windmill Hill• West Kennet Long Barrow• Sanctuary• Silbury Hill• West Kennet• Beckhampton Avenues• West Kennet Palisaded

Enclosures

TIFFANY ASHLAE CAYETANO

Stonehenge, Avebury, and Associated Sites

• Inscribed in 1986 by the UNESCO World Heritage Site

• One of the UK’s very first World Heritage Sites– Criterion (i): The monuments of the Stonehenge, Avebury and

Associated Sites demonstrate outstanding creative and technological achievements in prehistoric times

– Criterion (ii): The World Heritage property provides an outstanding illustration of the evolution of monument construction and of the continual use and shaping of the landscape over more than 2000 years, from the early Neolithic to the Bronze Age

– Criterion (iii): The complexes of monuments at Stonehenge and Avebury provide an exceptional insight into the funerary and ceremonial practices in Britain in the Neolithic and Bronze Age. Together with their settings and associated sites, they form landscapes without parallel

TIFFANY ASHLAE CAYETANO

Stonehenge, Avebury, and Associated Sites

• Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites <video clip: Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites (UNESCO/NHK)>

TIFFANY ASHLAE CAYETANO

Piazza del Duomo

TIFFANY ASHLAE CAYETANO

Piazza del Duomo• Situated in the City and Province of Pisa,

Tuscany, Italy• Standing in a large green expanse, Piazza del

Duomo houses a group of monuments known worldwide. These four masterpieces of medieval architecture had a great influence on monumental art in Italy from the 11th to the 14th century, these are:– the campanile (the ‘Leaning Tower’),– the cathedral (the Duomo, with its bronze doors and

mosaics),– the baptistery (a round Romanesque building with

an early Renaissance pulpit), and– the cemetery (walled cemetery Campo Santo with

its frescoes)

TIFFANY ASHLAE CAYETANO

Piazza del Duomo• A world renown deep cultural

heritage and stunning architecture

• The Tuscan town Pisa used to have a fleet that reigned the Mediterranean Sea

• Home to some of the biggest medieval art centers in the world

TIFFANY ASHLAE CAYETANO

Piazza del Duomo• Also known as “The Piazza Dei

Miracoli” (which means ‘field of miracles’ or ‘field of dreams’; came up from the novel of a poet named Gabriele d'Annunzio), is home to the Leaning Tower of Pisa, the Campo Santo, the Duomo and the Baptistery. The square and its surrounding areas, were the sites of pre-Roman settlements. The square is a walled area that lies in the center of Pisa.

TIFFANY ASHLAE CAYETANO

The Duomo

TIFFANY ASHLAE CAYETANO

Piazza del Duomo• The Duomo– In the Middle of the Piazza del Duomo is

of course the Duomo. The Duomo is a medieval cathedral, designed by the architect Buscheto.

– Its construction started in 1063 and it was finished in the 13th century. Just like the Leaning Tower of Pisa, the Duomo is slightly tilted, but this is not visible.

TIFFANY ASHLAE CAYETANO

The Leaning Tower of Pisa

TIFFANY ASHLAE CAYETANO

Piazza del Duomo• The Leaning Tower of Pisa– The most famous building on the Piazza del

Duomo is the Leaning Tower of Pisa. This freestanding bell tower stands behind the Duomo and is the third oldest building on the Piazza del Duomo.

– The Tower of Pisa began leaning soon after the start of its construction, which started on August 9, 1173. It took 199 years to complete, in 1372 the bell-chamber was added.

TIFFANY ASHLAE CAYETANO

Piazza del Duomo• The Leaning Tower of Pisa– Original Height: 60m.– Actual Height:• highest side = 56.67m.• lowest side = 55.86m.

– Stairs: 251 steps–Weight: 14,500 tonnes

TIFFANY ASHLAE CAYETANO

The Baptistery

TIFFANY ASHLAE CAYETANO

Piazza del Duomo• The Baptistery– Is a Romanesque building that was

designed by architect Diotisalvi.– Construction started in 1153 and was

finished in the 14th century.– The Baptistery, the largest one of

Italy, is dedicated to St. John the Baptist; there is a statue of him on the top of the dome.

TIFFANY ASHLAE CAYETANO

The Campo Santo

TIFFANY ASHLAE CAYETANO

Piazza del Duomo• The Campo Santo

– The Campo Santo, which was unfortunately damaged during strafing fire in World War Two, shines across the Piazza, generously embracing the picturesque scene and lending some of its warmth.

– Though technically a cemetery, the Campo Santo is still quite beautiful, and the architecture is nothing short of breath taking.

– Along the lines of beautifully appointed buildings and centuries of history, you will find modern museums, tourist destinations, and souvenir shops.

TIFFANY ASHLAE CAYETANO

Piazza del Duomo• Inscribed in 1984 by the UNESCO World Heritage Site

– Criterion (i): to represent a masterpiece of human creative genius;– Criterion (ii): to exhibit an important interchange of human values,

over a span of time or within a cultural area of the world, on developments in architecture or technology, monumental arts, town-planning or landscape design;

– Criterion (iv): to be an outstanding example of a type of building, architectural or technological ensemble or landscape which illustrates (a) significant stage(s) in human history;

– Criterion (vi): to be directly or tangibly associated with events or living traditions, with ideas, or with beliefs, with artistic and literary works of outstanding universal significance.

TIFFANY ASHLAE CAYETANO

Piazza del Duomo• Piazza del Duomo <video clip: Piazza del

Duomo, Pisa (UNESCO/NHK)>

TIFFANY ASHLAE CAYETANO

Thank you!

TIFFANY ASHLAE CAYETANO

REFERENCES• VATICAN CITY

– http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/286/– http://www.worldheritagesite.org/sites/vaticancity.html– https://prezi.com/cbugt36w41wz/vatican-city/– http://

www.history.com/news/10-things-you-may-not-know-about-the-vatican

– http://www.vaticanstate.va/content/vaticanstate/en/stato-e-governo/note-generali/popolazione.html

– https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=50&v=nHDuWE88Q3o

– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jTBjRrXvJiM– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kQcTnNHKuPc

TIFFANY ASHLAE CAYETANO

REFERENCES• STONEHENGE, AVEBURY AND

ASSOCIATED SITES– http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/373– http://www.stonehengeandaveburywhs.org/– http://

www.worldheritagesite.org/sites/stonehenge.html– http

://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/world-heritage/stonehenge/#/sunset-shadows-stonehenge_92760_600x450.jpg

– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h0J_RnRILJ0#t=75

TIFFANY ASHLAE CAYETANO

REFERENCES

• PIAZZA DEL DUOMO– http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/395– http://www.worldheritagesite.org/sites/pisa.html– http://

www.leaningtowerofpisa.net/piazza-dei-miracoli.html

– http://www.towerofpisa.org/leaning-tower-of-pisa-facts/

– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l_2jUxm0eL4