HERBAL BIOSOLUTIONS ESSENTIAL O...

3/28/2011

Product Catalogue | Herbal Biosolutions

HERBAL BIOSOLUTIONS – ESSENTIAL OILS

CATALOGUE

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Essential oils are the mixture of aromatic compounds biosynthesized in plants through Mevalonic acid pathway.

Essential oils are mainly Composed of Monoterpenes and Diterpenes. These compounds are volatile at room

temperature and are also called as volatile oils. These have specific aroma/essence in them, which is due to

these components present, and hence called as essential oils. The essence/aroma exert specific effect on our

body specifically on nervous system. Because of their complex and heterogeneous nature, essential oils have

different therapeutic effects on our body and mind. This can be different than the effects of synthetic

chemicals, which have only a single action. Apart from complexity, the aromatic molecules present in these oils

have the balancing effect on the body. If one component have stimulating effect, the other may have calming or

sedative effect, which may overcome the hyperactivity. This property of essential oils make them safe and

effective for aromatherapy. A single oil may have different therapeutic effects.

Essential oils have been used as flavor, fragrance, for beauty, medicinal, aromatherapy and also have some

religious relevance. Frankincense and Myrrh oils have been mentioned in the Bible. Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) an

essential oil bearing plant, has been considered as sacred plant in Hindu Culture. In Egypt they have been used

in cosmetics, wrapping mummies & embalming process. The foundation of Modern Aromatherapy was laid in

1910, when a French perfumer and chemist burned his hand in his lab and by mistake he immersed his hand in a

nearby vat of lavender oil. He observed no pain, swelling, or blistering after such a serious burn and started

investigation of aromatherapy. Essential oils have also been used treat soldier’s wounds during First world war.

Essential oils have now a days its wide application in aromatherapy. Aromatherapy is used either to treat or

prevent the diseases. Essential oils are supposed to reduce anxiety, improve memory, relaxes the body, relieve

asthma, cough and cold, reduction of eczema-induced itching, message and are considered as potent

antimicrobial agents. Aromatherapy have been found effective in some preliminary clinical studies in

combination with other techniques. Aromatherapy help the body to find a natural way of helping itself and

build a better immune system. Essential oils are supposed to exert their effect by stimulating the limbic system

in brain through olfactory system and may have other pharmacological effects. Wide variety of essential oils

available with us are as under:

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Table of Contents Ajwain Oil ............................................................................................................................................................ 5

Aniseed Oil .......................................................................................................................................................... 6

Apricot Oil ........................................................................................................................................................... 7

Avacado Oil ......................................................................................................................................................... 8

Basil Oil................................................................................................................................................................ 9

Black Pepper Oil................................................................................................................................................. 10

Cajeput Oil ......................................................................................................................................................... 11

Calendula Oil ..................................................................................................................................................... 12

Caraway Oil ....................................................................................................................................................... 13

Cardamom Oil.................................................................................................................................................... 14

Carrot Oil ........................................................................................................................................................... 15

Cedar Wood Oil ................................................................................................................................................. 16

Chamomile Oil ................................................................................................................................................... 17

Cinnamon Oil ..................................................................................................................................................... 18

Citronella Oil ...................................................................................................................................................... 19

Clove Oil ............................................................................................................................................................ 20

Coriander Oil ..................................................................................................................................................... 21

Cypress Oil ......................................................................................................................................................... 22

Dill Seed Oil ....................................................................................................................................................... 23

Eucalyptus Oil .................................................................................................................................................... 24

Fennel Seed Oil .................................................................................................................................................. 25

Frankincense Oil ................................................................................................................................................ 26

Garlic Oil ............................................................................................................................................................ 27

Geranium Oil ..................................................................................................................................................... 28

Ginger Oil .......................................................................................................................................................... 29

Jasmine Oil ........................................................................................................................................................ 30

Jojoba Oil ........................................................................................................................................................... 31

Juniperberry Oil ................................................................................................................................................. 32

Lavender Oil ...................................................................................................................................................... 33

Lemon Oil .......................................................................................................................................................... 34

Lemongrass Oil .................................................................................................................................................. 35

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Mandarin Oil...................................................................................................................................................... 36

Marjoram Oil ..................................................................................................................................................... 37

Mentha Piperita Oil ........................................................................................................................................... 38

Neem Oil ........................................................................................................................................................... 39

Nutmeg Oil ........................................................................................................................................................ 40

Orange Oil ......................................................................................................................................................... 41

Peppermint Oil .................................................................................................................................................. 42

Pumpkin Seed Oil............................................................................................................................................... 43

Rose Oil ............................................................................................................................................................. 44

Rosemary Oil ..................................................................................................................................................... 45

Spearmint Oil ..................................................................................................................................................... 46

Sweet Almond Oil .............................................................................................................................................. 47

Thyme Oil .......................................................................................................................................................... 48

Wheat Germ Oil ................................................................................................................................................. 49

Wintergreen Oil ................................................................................................................................................. 50

Ylang Ylang Oil ................................................................................................................................................... 51

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Ajwain Oil Ajwain Oil is obtained from the fruits of Carum Copticum. It is cultivated in black soil particularly along the

riverbank throughout India and also Iran, Egypt and Afghanistan. It is a small, erect, annual shrub with soft fine

hairs. The fruits are minute, egg shaped and grayish. Ajwain is pungent and bitter in taste and have spasmodic,

germicidal, antiseptic, digestive, antipyretic, expectorant and tonic properties. Ajwain seeds consist of moisture,

protein, fat, minerals, fiber, carbohydrates, calcium, phosphorus, iron, carotene, thiamin, riboflavin and niacin.

This is precious and well known in medicinal drug on account of the comportment known as thymic acid. The

Ajwain oil is an almost colorless to brownish liquid with characteristic odour and a sharp hot taste. Ajwain water

that is the water distilled from the seeds in an excellent carminative that cures flatulence, indigestion & low

appetite. This water is a household medicine not only in south India but also in Sri lanka, Malaysia and even in

some Arabian countries. Ajwain essential oil blend well with Thyme, parsley, sage.

Technical Details

Botanical Name Carum copticum

Family Umbelliferae

Parts Used Fruit

Origin India

Mode Of Extraction Steam Distillation

Main Constituents Thymol, p-cymene, g amma-

terpene

Description Clear Transparent Liquid

Appearance Colourless to pale yellow liquid

Organoleptic properties Characteristic ajowan like odour

and taste

Refractive index at 20 °C 1.498- 1.504

Specific Gravity at 20 °C 0.910-0.930

Solubility Insoluble in water; soluble in

organic solvents

Uses: As a fragrance and flavor raw material; aromatherapy oils, herbal ingredient in skincare products.

Storage : Well closed in air tight containers away from sunlight and heat preferably in amber color glass

containers.

Table Of Contents

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Aniseed Oil

Aniseed oil is obtained from the seeds of Pimpinella anisum. Anise is a flowering plant native to the eastern

Mediterranean region and Southwest Asia. Its flavor resembles to Liquorice, fennel and tarragon. It is a

herbaceous annual plant growing to 3 ft height. The seed pods that are referred to as "aniseed" are ground-gray

to grayish-brown in color, 3.2 to 4.8 mm in length, oval in shape and with a short stalk attached. It has a

characteristic agreeable odor and a pleasant aromatic taste. Aniseed is available whole or ground. Anise oil is a

colorless or pale-yellow liquid having the characteristic odor and taste of the fruit. The chief constituent of

aniseed oil is anethole and is mainly responsible for the characteristic flavor of the oil. The oil also contains

methyl chavicol, p-methoxyphenyl acetone, and small amount of terpenes and sulfur containing compounds of

disagreeable odour.

Technical Details

Botanical Name Pimpinella anisum

Family Umbelliferae

Parts Used Fruit

Origin India


Main Constituents Monoterpenes, Alphapinenes,

Limonene, Anethol, Anise Aldehyde

and Methyl Chevicol


Appearance Colourless to pale yellow liquid,

refractive liquid

Organoleptic properties spicy taste and herbal smell

Refractive index at 20 °C 1.533-1.560


Solubility Slightly soluble in water; soluble in

about 3 volumes alcohol, freely in

chloroform and ether

Use : In manufacturing of liquors; flavor for candies, cookies, dentifrices. Pharmaceutics aid (flavor)


containers. Table Of Contents

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Apricot Oil

Apricot oil is obtained from the seed kernels of Prunus armeniaca. It is a hard tree, bearing stone fruit, closely

related to the peach. Apricot oil is pressed from the kernels of the Prunus armeniaca (apricot). The kernels have

an oil content of 40-50%. The oil is similar to almond oil and peach oil, both of which are also extracted from the

kernels of the respective fruit. Apricot oil and almond oil, are used similarly in cosmetics to soften skin. Apricot

oil can be used on the scalp to improve its condition. The seed cake is also used separately to extract an

essential oil, which contains Amygdalin - a colorless crystalline glucose. The oil is chiefly composed of

unsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid and linoleic acid. Apricot oil is used as a substitute for Oil of Almonds, which it

very closely resembles. It is less expensive and is considerably used in cosmetics, for its softening action on the

skin.

Technical Details

Botanical Name Prunus armeniaca

Family Rosaceae

Parts Used Kernels

Origin India

Mode Of Extraction Cold Pressed

Main Constituents Mixed fatty Acids



Organoleptic properties Bland Taste



Solubility Insoluble in water, soluble in other

organic solvents

Use : As a fragrance and flavor ingredient, Aromatherapy oils, spa's oils, as a herbal Ingredient in cosmetic and

medicinal Products.


containers.

Table Of Contents

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Avacado Oil

Avocado oil is extracted from the fruits of Persea Americana commonly known as avocado. It is a tree

native to the State of Puebla in Mexico. Avocados are commercially valuable fruit and are cultivated in

tropical climates throughout the world, producing a green-skinned, pear-shaped fruit that ripens after

harvesting. It is used as an ingredient in food and as cooking oil. It is having regenerative and

moisturizing properties and hence is used in cosmetics. It is also used as a carrier oil for other flavors. It

is high in monounsaturated fats and Vitamin E. As a culinary oil, avocado oil compares well with olive

oil. Like olive oil, avocado oil is one of few vegetable oils not derived from seeds; it is pressed from the

fleshy pulp surrounding the avocado pit.

Technical Details

Botanical Name Persea americana

Family Lauraceae

Parts Used Fruit

Origin India


Main Constituents Oleic acid, Linolic acid, Palmitic acid


Appearance Colourless to slightly yellowish

brown colored liquid

Organoleptic properties Sweet Smell & Bland Taste



Solubility Insoluble in water, soluble in

alcohol & other organic solvents

Use : As a fragrance and flavor ingredient, Aromatherapy oils, spa's oils, as a herbal ingredient in cosmetic and

medicinal Products.


containers.

Table Of Contents

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Basil Oil

Basil oil is obtained from the leaves of Ocimum basilicum also known as basil. It is a tender low-

growing culinary herb. The oil is used as an antimicrobial and is very high in vitamins and minerals. It

is regarded as protective and purifier. It is native to India, Iran and other tropical regions of Asia, having

been cultivated there for more than 5,000 years. The dried leaves of O. basilicum contain 0.20-1%

essential oil. The major compounds in the oil are linalool and methylchaviol. Other constituents include

a-pinene, camphene, b-pinene, myrcene, limonene, cis-ocimene, camphor, linalool, methyl chavicol, y-

terpineol, citronellol, geraniol, methyl cinnamate and eugenol. It is having analgesic, antidepressant,

antispasmodic, anti-venomous, carminative, cephalic, diaphoretic, digestive, emmenagogue,

expectorant, febrifuge, insecticide, nervine, stomachic, sudorific, tonic and stimulant actions.

Technical Details

Botanical Name Ocimum basilicium

Family Lamiaceae (Labiatae)

Parts Used Leaves

Origin India


Main Constituents Linolool, Methyl chavicol, eugenol,

a-pinene,b-pinene


Appearance Yellowish to greenish liquid

Organoleptic properties Aromatic


Solubility Almost insoluble in water; sol in 2

oils 80% alcohol; miscible with

ether, chloroform


containers.

Table Of Contents

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Black Pepper Oil

The oil is extracted from the seeds of Piper nigrum commonly called as Black pepper. It is a flowering

wine, cultivated for its fruit. Black peppers are native to India and are extensively cultivated there and

elsewhere in tropical regions. The spiciness of black pepper is due to the chemical piperine. Oil of black

pepper is normally utilized in nutrient, alterative therapy oils, and aromatherapy. Oil of black pepper has

more non-food usages, in aromatherapy and as a factor of alterative skin productions. The essential oil is

noticed specifically for its activity for digestive charges Possible Uses of the oil are in the treatment of

Aching muscles, arthritis, chilblains, constipation, muscle cramps, poor circulation, sluggish digestion.

The major constituents are Beta-caryophyllene, Beta-bisabolene, Sabinene, Linalol, Pinocarveol, Alpha,

Terpineol, Camphene, Alpha, Terpenene.

Technical Details

Botanical Name Piper nigrum

Family Piperaceae

Parts Used Fruit

Origin India


Main Constituents Caryophyllene, beeta-pinene,

phellandrene


Appearance Colorless to Slightly Greenish

Organoleptic properties Warm spicy black pepper

Refractive index at 20 °C 1.40 to 1.50

Specific Gravity at 20 °C 0.890 to 0.900

Solubility Insoluble in water, soluble in

alcohol and other organic solvent

Use : As a flavor & Fragrance ingredient, aromatherapy oils, spa’s oil as an herbal ingredient. In cosmetic and

medicinal products



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Cajeput Oil

The cajeput oil is essential oil produced from the leaves and twigs of the Cajeput tree, Melaleuca leucadendron.

This tree is native to Australia and Indonesia and is closely related to the tea tree, paperbark, punk, niaouli and

eucalyptus trees. The cajeput tree is known as the white bark tea tree as it has a characteristic white bark. The

cajeput oil is also known by different names like white tea tree oil, swamp tea tree oil. The oil contain cineol,

terpineol, terpinyl acetate, terpenes, phytol, alloarmadendrene, ledene, platanic acid, betulinic acid,

betulinaldehyde, viridiflorol, palustrol, etc. as some of the active ingredients. Externally, cajeput oil may cause

skin irritation when used in high concentrations. It should be diluted before internal or external use. It is used

as an analgesic, antiseptic, anti-neuralgic, flatulence, healing muscle and joint pain, for healthy looking skin,

Gonorrhea and insecticide. Traditionally it is used for acne, easing breathing difficulties, treating colds and

coughs, gastrointestinal problems, headaches, eczema, sinus infection, pneumonia etc.

Technical Details

Botanical Name Melaleuca leucadendron

Family Myrtaceae

Parts Used Leaves & Twigs

Origin India


Main Constituents Cineol ,terpenol, a-pinene,

limonene


Appearance Colorless or yellowish liquid

Organoleptic properties Bitter aromatic taste



Solubility Very slightly soluble in water;

soluble in 1 volume of 80% alcohol.

Miscible with alcohol and other

organic solvents

Use : In perfumery, fragrance, flavor and in Ayurvedic medicines



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Calendula Oil

Calendula Oil is obtained from the flowers of Calendula officinalis commonly known as pot marigold. It is a

genus of about 12–20 species of annual or perennial herbaceous plants native to the area from Macaronesia

east through the Mediterranean region to Iran. Calendula has anti-inflammatory and vulnerary properties,

making it excellent for help with stubborn wounds, ulcers, bed sores, varicose veins, bruises, rashes, eczema etc.

It contains Salicilyic Acid, carotenoids, phytosterols. The principal constituents are Flavinoids, saponosene,

triterpenic alcohol and a bitter principle. Calandula Oil also makes an excellent base for salves, facial creams and

many other natural cosmetics.

Technical Details

Botanical Name Calendula officinalis

Family Asteraceae

Parts Used Flower

Origin India

Mode Of Extraction Cold pressed

Main Constituents Mixture of Different fatty acid such

as linoleic, oleic, plamitic acid


Appearance Colorless to slightly yellowish

brown liquid

Organoleptic properties Marigold flower like odor



Solubility Insoluble in water and soluble in

other organic solvents

Use : As a fragrance and flavor ingredient, Aromatherapy oils, spa's oils, as a herbal Ingredient in cosmetic and

medicinal Products

Storage : well closed in air tight containers away from sunlight and heat preferably in amber color glass

containers.

Table Of Contents

13

Caraway Oil

Caraway oil is extracted from the fruits of Carum carvi. It is a bi-annual herb originated from Asia

Minor, but is now cultivated in Northern Europe, Africa and Russia. This warming essential oil helps to

relieve mental strain and emotional fatigue, while aiding the digestive and urinary system and clearing

the respiratory system. At the same time it also fights skin and scalp conditions. The chemical

components of Caraway oil are Acetaldehyde, Cumuninic aldehyde, Furfurol, Carvone and Limonene.

Caraway oil calms the nerves and soothes mental fatigue, while settling the stomach, nervous digestion,

colic, flatulence and gastric spasms. It is an effective tissue regenerator and useful for fighting oily skin

while dispersing bruises, reducing boils and cleaning infected wounds. Furthermore, it relieves itching

skin and helps to clear acne as well as scalp problems.

Technical Details

Botanical Name Carum carvi

Family Umbelliferae

Parts Used Flower, Fruits

Origin India

Mode Of Extraction Steam Distilled

Main Constituents Carvone, d-limonene


Appearance Colorless or pale yellow liquid;

darkens and thickens with age

Organoleptic properties Characteristic odor and taste of

caraway herb


Solubility Almost insoluble in water; soluble

in 8 volumes 80% or in 1 volume

90% alcohol

Use : In manufacturing liqueurs and perfuming soaps; flavor for cookies, candies. Pharmaceutic aid.


containers.

Table Of Contents

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Cardamom Oil

Cardamom oil is obtained from fruits of Elettaria cardamomum. It is a perennial, reed-like herb,grows

wild and is cultivated in India and Ceylon. It grows up to 4 meters high and has long, green silky blades,

small yellowy flowers with a violet tip and a large fleshy rhizome, similar to ginger. Oblong gray fruits

follow the flowers, each containing many seeds. The major volatile constituents of cardamom oil are a-

pinene, b-pinene, sabinene, myrcene, a-phellandrene, limonene, 1,8-cineole, y-terpinene, p-cymene,

terpinolene, linalool, linalyl acetate, terpinen-4-oil, a-terpineol, a-terpineol acetate, citronellol, nerol,

geraniol, methyl eugenol and trans-nerolidol. Cardamom oil and oleoresin has applications in flavouring

processed foods, cordials, and liquors and in perfumery and in Ayurvedic medicines.

Technical Details

Botanical Name Elettaria cardamomum

Family Umbelliferae

Parts Used Flower, Fruits

Origin India


Main Constituents Carvone, d-limonene


Appearance Colorless or pale yellow liquid;

darkens and thickens with age

Organoleptic properties Characteristic odor and taste of

caraway herb




in 8 volumes 80% or in 1 volume

90% alcohol

Use : For flavoring liqueurs, pharmaceutical syrups, curry sauces, confectionary, baked goods.



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Carrot Oil

It is Obtained from the fruits and seeds of Ducus carotta. Carrot Oil is a golden colored extract with skin

protection and conditioning effects. Its properties are due to the Carotenoids which acts as antioxidants.

Antioxidants protect the cells from harmful free-radical attack. Free-radicals are stray oxygen molecules that

attack healthy cell walls and react with polyunsaturated fats to create a chain reaction of unlimited free-radical

regeneration. Carrot seed oil have wide range of applications in folk medicine and been found to act as a muscle

relaxant and vasodilator. It is now most commonly used as fragrance and flavoring and a source of food color,

beta-carotene and vitamin A.

Technical Details

Botanical Name Ducus carotta

Family Umbelliferae

Parts Used Fruit, Seed

Origin India


Main Constituents a-pinene, camphene, caryophylene,

caratol, eugenol, iso-eugenol




Organoleptic properties Spicy musky odor





Use : Lotions, massage oils, diffusers, Potpourri, scent, air fresheners, perfume Oils, aromatherapy products,

spas, incense, facial steams, hair treatments, etc.


containers.

Table Of Contents

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Cedar Wood Oil

Cedar oil is extracted from the wood of the plant Juniperus virginiana. Cedar oil is widely used in

aromatherapy. It is also used as an insect repellent. Cedar wood oils each have characteristic woody

odor which may change somewhat in the course of drying out. The crude oil is yellowish or even darker

in colour. It is used as fragrance in soap perfumes, household sprays, floor polishes and insecticides. It

is also used for cleaning microscopes. These important constituents if the cedar oil are cedrol and

cedrene, and they contribute to the odor of the oil and are valuable to the chemical industry for

conversion to other derivatives with fragrance applications. The oil is therefore used directly and as

sources of chemical isolates.

Technical Details

Botanical Name Juniperus virginiana

Family Cupressaceae

Parts Used Wood

Origin India


Main Constituents Cedrene, cidral


Appearance Colorless or slightly yellow,

somewhat viscid liquid

Organoleptic properties Woody spicy odour



Solubility Insoluble in water; soluble in 10-20

volumes 90% alcohol; soluble in

ether

Use: In perfumery; as aromatherapy oil; as insect repellent

Storage: Well closed in air tight containers away from sunlight and heat preferably in amber color glass

containers.

Table Of Contents

17

Chamomile Oil

Chamomile oil is having two varieties Roman and German chamomile. Both Roman and German chamomile

have calming and relaxing abilities, especially on the nervous and digestive systems, regulating and easing the

menstrual cycle. They have soothing and healing influence on the skin, as well as being a potent remedy for

inflammatory conditions. The main constituents of chamomile oil are chamazulene, a-bisabolol, bisabolol oxide

A, bisabolol oxide B and bisabolone oxide A. The therapeutic properties of chamomile oil are analgesic, anti-

allergenic, anti-spasmodic, antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, antiphlogistic, bactericidal, carminative, cicatrisant,

cholagogue, emmenagogue, hepatic, digestive, sedative, stomachic, vermifuge, vasoconstrictor and vulnerary.

Technical Details

Botanical Name Matricaria chamomile

Family Asteraceae

Parts Used Flowers

Origin India


Main Constituents Esters of angelic acid


Appearance Bluish, viscid liquid

Organoleptic properties Strong pleasant aromatic odour

and burning taste



Solubility Very soluble in alcohol, in 6 vols

90% alcohol

Use: Perfumes, flavours and aromatherapy products


containers.

Table Of Contents

18

Cinnamon Oil

Cinnamon oil is obtained from the bark of Cinnamon Bark Cinnamomum cassia. It has been used as a culinary

spice, for herbal bath decoctions and as a food remedy to maintain healthy blood sugar balance. Cinnamon

contains the constituent, cinnamaldehyde, found in the volatile oil fraction of the plant. Cinnamaldehyde has

potent antioxidant actions, protecting cells from oxidative damage, and supporting healthy fat and cholesterol

balance within the normal range. Cinnamon bark also contains polyphenolic polymers that support healthy

insulin and blood glucose balance within the normal range, and promote healthy blood flow.

Technical Details

Botanical Name Cinnamomum cassia

Family Lauraceae

Parts Used Bark

Origin India


Main Constituents Cinnamaldehyde, cinnamyl acetate,

eugenol


Appearance Yellowish or brownish liquid

Organoleptic properties Sweet burning spicy smell and taste




equal volume of alcohol and of

glacial acetic acid

Use : As flavor in foods and in perfumes


containers.

Table Of Contents

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Citronella Oil

Citronella oil is one of the essential oils obtained from the leaves and stems of different species of

Cymbopogan. The oil is used extensively as a source of perfumery. It contains the chemicals such as

citronellal, citronellol and geraniol. These chemicals find extensive use in soap, perfumery, cosmetic

and flavouring industries throughout the world. Citronella oil is also a renowned plant-based insect

repellent and has been registered for this use in the United States since 1948. The United states

Environmental Protection agency considers oil of citronella as a bio-pesticide with a non-toxic mode of

action. Research also shows that citronella oil has strong antifungal properties, and is effective in

calming barking dogs.

Technical Details

Botanical Name Cymbopogon nardus

Family Cardiopteridaceae

Parts Used Leaves and Stems

Origin India


Main Constituents Geraniol, citronellal, limonene,

citronelol, dipentene and linalool



Organoleptic properties Pleasant citrus odour


Specific Gravity at 20 °C 0.897-0912

Solubility Slightly soluble in water soluble in

10 volumes of 80% alcohol

Use : As perfume, insect repellent


containers.

Table Of Contents

20

Clove Oil

Clove oil is obtained from flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum. The clove tree is an evergreen which grows to a

height ranging from 8–12 m, having large square leaves and sanguine flowers in numerous groups of terminal

clusters. Cloves are used in Indian Ayurvedic medicine, Chinese medicine, and western herbolism and dentistry,

where the essential oil is used as painkiller for dental emergencies. Cloves are used as a carminative , to

increase hydrochloric acid in the stomach and to improve peristalsis. Cloves are also said to be a natural

anthelmintic. The essential oil is used in aromatherapy when stimulation and warming are needed, especially for

digestive problems. Topical application over the stomach or abdomen are said to warm the digestive tract. The

use of a clove in toothache is also said to decrease pain. It also helps to decrease infection in the teeth due to its

antiseptic properties.

Technical Details

Botanical Name Syzygium aromaticum

Family Myrtaceae

Parts Used Flower Buds

Origin India


Main Constituents Caryophyllene, Eugenol and

Sesque-terpene


Appearance Colourless to pale yellowish brown

liquid

Organoleptic properties Warm herbal taste and spicy smell



Solubility Insoluble in water, miscible with

ethanol 85% (v/v)

Use : Fragrance and flavor raw material, as a flavoring agent in different food products and as a herbal

ingredient in herbal products


containers.

Table Of Contents

21

Coriander Oil

Coriander oil is obtained from fruits of Coriandrum sativum. Coriander is an annual herb native to southern

Europe and North Africa to southwestern Asia. It is a soft, hairless plant growing upto 50 centimeters tall. The

essential oil from this ancient herb has a place in aromatherapy, as it helps to ease the mind and fight fatigue,

while it warms and calms the digestive system, relieves rheumatism and arthritic pain, muscular spasms and

detoxifies the body. Coriander oil has a sweet, spicy, warm smell, is nearly colorless to pale yellow and has a

watery viscosity. The main chemical components are borneol, linalool, cineole, cymene, terpineol, dipentene,

phellandrene, pinene and terpinolene. Coriander oil can be useful to refresh and to uplift the mind. It can help

for mental fatigue, migraine, tension and nervous weakness. It has a warming effect on the stomach and relieve

wind and cramps, while revitalizing the glandular system.

Technical Details

Botanical Name Coriandrum sativum

Family Umbelliferae

Parts Used Flower, Fruit, Leaves

Origin India


Main Constituents D-linalol and its acetates


Appearance Colorless or pale yellow liquid

Organoleptic properties Herbal fresh spicy odour




in 3 volumes 70% alcohol; very

soluble in other organic solvents

Use : Flavoring in foods and alcoholic beverages


containers.

Table Of Contents

22

Cypress Oil

Cypress oil is obtained from Cupressus sempervirens. Cypress is the name applied to many plants, which is a

conifer of northern temperate regions. Most they are trees, while a few are shrubs. Cypress oil has a woody,

slightly spicy and refreshing masculine smell. The oil is colorless to very pale yellow in color and watery in

viscosity. The main components of cypress oil are a-pinene, camphene, sabinene, b-pinene, d-3carene, myrcene,

a-terpinene, terpinolene, linalool, bornyl acetate, cedrol and cadinene. Cypress oil has a calming and soothing

effect on the irritable, angry and stressed-out person and has a valuable effect as a vasoconstrictor on varicose

veins and hemorrhoids. It is beneficial in conditions of excess fluid, such as bleeding, nosebleeds, heavy

menstruation, heavy perspiration, cough and bronchitis, hemorrhages and fluid retention. The antispasmodic

action is very useful for asthma, whooping cough, bronchitis, emphysema and influenza.

Technical Details

Botanical Name Cupressus sempervirens

Family Cupressaceae

Parts Used Leaves

Origin India


Main Constituents Alphapinene, Betapinene,

Limonene etc


Appearance Pale yellow liquid

Organoleptic properties Characteristic herbal and aromatic

odour and taste

Specific Gravity at 20 °C 0.880 - 0.890

Solubility Insoluble in water; 1 volume

soluble in 4 volumes of alcohol

Use : In perfumery, flavor raw materials, health tonics, ayurvedic preparations, herbal cosmetics and

aromatherapy oils


containers.

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23

Dill Seed Oil

Dill seed oil is obtained from seeds of Anethum graveolens. Dill is a herbaceous annual with pinnately divided

leaves. The ripe, light brown seeds emit an aromatic odour. The leaves have pleasant aromatic odour and warm

taste. Both seeds and leaves are valued as spice. It is a short-lived perennial herb, 40–60 cm (16–24 in), with

slender stems and alternate, finely divided, softly delicate leaves 10–20 cm (3.9–7.9 in) long. Dill oil contains

Carvone, limonene, phellandrene, eugenol, pinen. Dill seed is used both whole and ground as a condiment in

soups, salads, processed meats, sausages and pickling. Dill stems and blossom heads are used for dill pickles. The

essential oil is used in the manufacture of soaps. Both seeds and oil are used in indigenous medicinal

preparations. The emulsion of dill oil in water is an aromatic carminative.

Technical Details

Botanical Name Anethum graveolens

Family Cupressaceae

Parts Used Leaves

Origin India


Main Constituents Monoterpenes, Alphapinenes,

Limonene, D-Carvon,

Dihydrocarvon and Phellandrene


Appearance Colorless to yellowish-brown liquid

Organoleptic properties Spicy taste and herbal smell

Refractive index at 20°C 1.481-1.492


Solubility Insoluble in water; soluble in 1

volume 90% alcohol

Use : In herbal formulation as a natural ingredient in gripe waters; raw material in fragrance and flavors.


containers.

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24

Eucalyptus Oil

Eucalyptus oil is obtained from the leaves of plant Eucalyptus globules. Eucalyptus is a tall evergreen

tree native to Tasmania. The leaves and oil of the eucalyptus plant are used for medicinal purposes.

Eucalyptus oil consists of the volatile oil distilled from the fresh leaves and branch tops of the

eucalyptus plant. Eucalyptus oil is commonly used in remedies to treat coughs and the common cold. It

can be found in many lozenges, cough syrups, rubs, and vapor baths. Fresh leaves are recommended in

teas and gargles to soothe sore throats and treat bronchitis and sinusitis. Eucalyptus leaves contain

tannins, which are believed to reduce inflammation, flavonoids, such as quercetin, which has antioxidant

properties, and volatile oils. Eucalyptus oil is a rich source of the antiseptic substance cineole also called

as eucalyptol.

Technical Details

Botanical Name Eucalyptus globules

Family Myrtaceae

Parts Used Leaves

Origin India


Main Constituents Alphapinene, Betapinene, Cineol

and other sesquterpenes


Appearance Colorless to Pale yellow liquid

Organoleptic properties Pungent odour with spicy, herbal

taste



Solubility Insoluble in water, Soluble in

Alcohol, Oils and Fats

Use : In food flavoring, Pharmaceutical aid, health tonics, blood purifier, ayurvedic and herbal preparations.



25

Fennel Seed Oil Fennel oil is obtained from the fruits of Foeniculum vulgare. It is a biennial, aromatic, stout, glabrous, 1.5 to 1.8

mtr high. The ripe fruit is small, oblong, cylindrical, 6.8 mm long, straight or slightly curved, greenish yellow,

deeply furrowed, 5 ridged and having agreeable aroma. Fennel oil has a herby, slightly spicy smell, much like

aniseed and it is clear in viscosity. The main chemical components of fennel oil are a-pinene, myrcene, fenchone,

trans-anethole, methyl chavicol, limonene, 1,8-cineole and anisic aldehyde. It is having antiseptic,

antispasmodic, carminative, depurative, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, galactagogue, laxative, stimulant,

stomachic, splenic, tonic and vermifuge properties.

Technical Details

Botanical Name Foeniculum vulgare

Family Umbelliferae

Parts Used Fruit

Origin India


Main Constituents Anethol, fenchone, pinene,

limonene, dipentene, phellandrene



Organoleptic properties Sweet, spicy herbal odour and taste




1 volume 90% or in 8 volumes 80%

alcohol; very soluble in ether,

chloroform

Use : In food flavoring, Pharmaceutical aid, health tonics, blood purifier, ayurvedic and herbal preparations.


containers.

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26

Frankincense Oil It is obtained from resin from the Boswellia carteri tree. Frankincense has a woody, spicy, haunting smell, a little

bit camphoric, but very pleasant. It is pale yellow-green in color. The main chemical components of frankincense

oil are a-pinene, actanol, linalool, octyl acetate, bornyl acetate, incensole and incensyl acetate. It is having Anti

Septic & Disinfectant, Astringent, Carminative, Digestive, Diuretic, Emenagogue, Expectorant, Sedative, Tonic,

Uterine, Vulnerary properties. Frankincense Oil blends well with Lime, Lemon, Orange and other Citrus oils as

well as Benzoin, Bergamot, Lavender, Myrrh, Pine and Sandalwood oil. It is having antiseptic, astringent,

carminative, cicatrisant, cytophylactic, digestive, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, sedative, tonic, uterine,

vulnerary and expectorant properties.

Technical Details

Botanical Name Boswellia carteri

Family Burseraceae

Parts Used Gum Resin

Origin India


Main Constituents Alpha-pinene, Betapinene,

Limonene, Linalool, Alpha-

terpeneol, Paracymene, Camphene,

Octanol, Octyl Acetate, Cineol




odour and taste



soluble in 3 volumes 90% alcohol

Use : In perfumery, flavor raw materials, health tonics, ayurvedic preparations, herbal cosmetics


containers.

Table Of Contents

27

Garlic Oil Garlic oil is obtained from the bulbs of Allium sativum. Garlic is a hardy, bulbous, rooted, perennial plant with

narrow flat leaves and bears small white flowers and bulbils. The compound bulb consists of 6 to 34 bulblets

called ‘cloves’ which are surrounded by a common, thin, white or pinkish papery sheet. Garlic has a strong

flavour and taste. Oil of garlic is used as a flavouring agent in soups, canned foods, sauces etc. The other

properties are anti-bacterial, fungicidal and insecticidal. In the area of medicine, it is used for various ailments of

stomach, skin diseases. It has wider applications in indigenous medicines and is also considered as highly

nutritive.

Technical Details

Botanical Name Allium sativum

Family Lilliaceae

Parts Used Bulbs

Origin India


Main Constituents Alpha-pinene, Betapinene,

Limonene, Linalool, Alpha-

terpeneol, Paracymene, Camphene,

Octanol, Octyl Acetate, Cineol




odour and taste




Use : As a flavor and in medicinal products


containers.

Table Of Contents

28

Geranium Oil

Geranium oil is extracted from the plant Pelargonium geranium. It is a strong smelling oil with a floral

aroma and a hint of mint. The oil is mostly colorless, but can have a slight light green color to it. It has a

watery viscosity. It is composed of various chemical constituents and includes α-pinene, myrcene,

limonene, menthone, linalool, geranyl acetate, citronellol, geraniol and geranyl butyrate. Geranium oil

can be used to help in the treatment of acne, bruises, burns, cuts, dermatitis, eczema, hemorrhoids, lice,

as a mosquito repellant, ringworm, ulcers, breast engorgement, edema, poor circulation, sore throat,

tonsillitis, PMS, menopausal problems, stress and neuralgia.

Technical Details

Botanical Name Pelargonium geranium

Family Geraniaceae

Parts Used Different Parts

Origin India


Main Constituents Geraniol, cintronellol, dipentene, linalool, isomenthol, geranyl acetate


Appearance Colorless to light yellow liquid

Organoleptic properties Pleasant rose odor

Refractive Index at 20 °C 1.476-1.4085


Solubility Insoluble in water soluble in alcohol

and other organic solvents.

Use : As a fragrance ingredient, aromatherapy oils, spa oils, herbal ingredient in cosmetics and herbal products


containers.

Table Of Contents

29

Ginger Oil

It is obtained from the rhizomes of Zinger. The leafy shoot is a pseudo stem formed by leaf sheath and

bears 8 to 12 distichous leaves. Fresh ginger, dry ginger powder, oleoresin and oil are used in food

processing. It is indispensable in the manufacture of ginger bread, confectionary, ginger ale, curry

powders, certain curried meats, table sauces, in pickling and in the manufacture of certain cordials,

ginger cocktail, carbonate drinks, liquors etc. In medicine, it is used as carminative and stimulant. The

health benefits of ginger root oil can be attributed to its digestive, carminative, expectorant, antiseptic,

analgesic, anti inflammatory, stimulating and aphrodisiac properties. These benefits of ginger oil include

its ability to treat stomach problems, nausea, heart strokes, indigestion, inflammations, respiratory

problems, menstrual disorders, etc.

Technical Details

Botanical Name Zingiber officinale

Family Zingeberaceae

Parts Used Rhizomes

Origin India


Main Constituents 1-zingiberene, d-camphene etc


Appearance Colorless to slightly yellowish liquid

Organoleptic properties Citrus herbal smell and taste

Refractive Index at 20 °C 1.4880-1.4950


Solubility Soluble in all organic solvents

Use : As a fragrance and flavor ingredient, aromatherapy oils, spa's oils, as a herbal ingredient in cosmetic and

medicinal Products.


containers.

Table Of Contents

30

Jasmine Oil Jasmine oil is obtained from Jasminum grandiflorum. Jasmine is a genus of shrubs and vines in the olive family

with about 200 species, native to tropical and warm temperate regions. The leaves can be either evergreen or

deciduous (falling in autumn). Jasmine essential oil has a sweet, exotic and richly floral smell. The main chemical

components are benzyl acetate, linalool, benzyl alcohol, indole, benzyl benzoate, cis-jasmone, geraniol, methyl

anthranilate and trace amounts of p. cresol, farnesol, cis-3-hexenyl benzoate, eugenol, nerol, ceosol, benzoic

acid, benzaldehyde, y-terpineol, nerolidol, isohytol, phytol etc.It is having anti-depressant, antiseptic,

aphrodisiac, anti-spasmodic, cicatrisant, expectorant, galactagogue, parturient, sedative and uterine properties.

Technical Details

Botanical Name Jasminum grandiflorum

Family Oleaceae

Parts Used Flowers

Origin India

Mode Of Extraction Solvent Extraction

Main Constituents Benzyl Acetate, Benzyl alcohol, Benzyl Benzate, Indol, Linalool, Methyl Anthranilate, Jasmone


Appearance Reddish-brown colour liquid

Organoleptic properties Sweet, fresh and delicate jasmine

flower odor and taste


other oils and organic solvents

Use : As a fragrance and flavor ingredient, Aromatherapy oils, spa's oils, as an herbal ingredient in cosmetic and

medicinal products.


containers.

Table Of Contents

31

Jojoba Oil

Jojoba oil is the liquid wax produced in the seed of the jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) plant, It is a

shrub native to southern Arizoma, southern california and northwestern Mexico. The oil makes up

approximately 50% of the jojoba seed by weight. Jojoba oil is a mixture of wax esters, 36 to 46 carbon

atoms in length. Each molecule consists of a fatty acids, and a fatty alcohol joined by an ester bond.

98% of the fatty acid molecules are unsaturated at the 9th carbon-carbon bond (omega-9). Jojoba oil is

used as a replacement for whale oil and its derivatives, such as cetyl alcohol. The ban on importing

whale oil to the US in 1971 led to the discovery that jojoba oil is "in many regards superior to sperm oil

for applications in the cosmetics and other industries. Jojoba oil is a fungicide, and can be used for

controlling mildew.

Technical Details

Botanical Name Simmondsia chinensis

Family Simmondsiaceae

Parts Used Seeds

Origin India


Main Constituents Mixture of different fatty acids




Organoleptic properties Sweet smell with bland taste

Refractive index at 20 °C 1.460-1468





medicinal products


containers.

Table Of Contents

32

Juniperberry Oil Juniperberry Oil is obtained from berries of Juniperus communis. An evergreen shrub or tree up to 6m high with

bluish-green stiff needles. It has small flowers and berries that are green in the first year, black in second and

third. Essential oil is extracted by steam distillation from the berries. It is Used medicinally for urinary infections,

for respiratory problems as well as gastro-intestinal infections and worms. It helps expel the build-up of uric acid

in the joints and is employed in gout, rheumatism and arthritis. It is also used in Fluid retention, ulcers, obesity,

acne eczema, mental exhaustion, overindulgence of food, premenstrual bloating, sciatic and hay fever. It blends

well with Vetiver, sandalwood, cedar wood, oak moss, galbanum, elemi, cypress, clary sage, pine, lavender, fir

needle, rosemary, benzoin, geranium, and citrus oils.

Technical Details

Botanical Name Juniperus communis

Family Cupressaceae

Parts Used Berries

Origin India


Main Constituents Mixture of pinene, eucalyptol, di-pentene, camphor


Appearance Colorless to light yellow greenish

coloured liquid

Organoleptic properties Fresh juniperberry odor and taste





Use : In manufacture of liquors, in aromatherapy and spa oils, in perfumery, as a food flavouring substance, etc.


containers.

Table Of Contents

33

Lavender Oil

Lavender oil is obtained from the flower spikes of the species of Lavender. It is available in two forms,

lavender flower oil which is a colorless oil, insoluble in water, having a density of 0.885 g/mL and

lavender spike oil, a distillate from the herb Lavandula latifolia, having density 0.905 g/mL. It is

composed of mixture of phytoconstituents like linalool and linalyl acetate. Other components include α-

pinene, limonene, 1,8-cineole, cis- and trans-ocimene, 3-octanose, camphor, caryophyllene, terpinen-4-

ol and lavendulyl acetate. The essence of the oil have calming effect which may aid in relaxation and

may reduce anxiety. It may also help to relieve pain from tension headache when breathed in as vapor

or diluted and rubbed on the skin. lavender oil can be used for the treatment of cough and respiratory

infections in the form of vaporizer. It can also be used as mosquito repellent.

Technical Details

Botanical Name Lavandula officinalis

Family Lamiaceae

Parts Used Berries

Origin India


Main Constituents linalyl acetate, linalool, pinene, ,limonene, geraniol, cineol




Organoleptic properties Fresh flowery odor






medicinal Products.



34

Lemon Oil Lemon oil is obtained from Fruits of Citrus limonum. The lemon is a small evergreen tree native to Asia. The fruit

is used for culinary and non culinary purposes throughout the world – primarily for its juice, though the pulp

and rind are also used, mainly in cooking and baking. It is usually yellowish or light green in color, and smells like

freshly sliced lemon. Lemon oil is used in personal care products, home cleaning products, and furniture

polishes. It has its applications in aromatherapy for relieving anxiety, for body ache, for improving circulation,

treatment of cellulite or warming hands and feet. It has anti-anemic, antimicrobial, anti-rheumatic, anti-

sclerotic, antiseptic, bactericidal, carminative, cicatrisant, depurative, diaphoretic, diuretic, febrifuge,

haemostatic, hypotensive, insecticidal, rubefacient, tonic and vermifuge properties.

Technical Details

Botanical Name Citrus limonum

Family Rutaceae

Parts Used Fruits, Peel

Origin India


Main Constituents limonene, terpenene, phellandrene, pinene, citral , citronellal, geranyl acetate, and sesqui-terpenes


Appearance Pale yellow or greenish-yellow

liquid

Organoleptic properties Fresh citrous lemon like odor and

taste



Solubility Slightly soluble in water; sol in 3

volumes alcohol; miscible with


Use : For flavoring medicaments as a flavor in liqueurs, pastry, foods, and beverages and in perfumery


containers.

Table Of Contents

35

Lemongrass Oil Lemongrass Oil is extracted from Cymbopogon citratus commonly known as lemongrass. It is a genus of about

55 species native to warm temperate and tropical regions. It is a tall perennial grass. Lemon Grass Oil has been

used as a pesticide and preservative. It has a sweet smell resembling to lemon. Myrcene, citronellal, geranyl

acetate, nerol, geraniol, neral, limonene and citral are the constituents present in this oil. It has analgesic, anti-

depressant, antimicrobial. antipyretic, antiseptic, astringent, bactericidal, carminative, deodorant, diuretic,

febrifuge, fungicidal, galactagogue, insecticidal, nervine, nervous system sedative and tonic properties.

Technical Details

Botanical Name Cymbopogon citrates

Family Poaceae

Parts Used Stem and Leaves

Origin India


Main Constituents Alpha-pinene, Limonene, Beta-pinene, citral, geraniol, neral and other sesqueterpenes


Appearance Colorless to pale yellow liquid

Organoleptic properties Citrus lemon odour and taste


Specific Gravity at 20 °C 0.895 to 0.910

Solubility Almost insoluble in water; miscible

with other solvents, alcohol, oils,

fats.

Use : In food flavoring, Pharmaceutical aid, health tonics, as a natural insecticide, ayurvedic and herbal

preparations.


containers.

Table Of Contents

36

Mandarin Oil The mandarin oil is obtained from mandarin tree a member of the orange family. It is a small glossy evergreen

tree achieving six meters height with fragrant flowers and fleshy fruit. The essential oil is extracted from outer

peel of the mandarin. The oil have flowery, sweet aroma. This oil is believed to improve mood and relieve

anxiety. The smell of the oil gives the feeling of cleanliness and has been found to be safe. It has the ability to

relieve stress, depression and sadness and can act as a gentle sedative. It has Antiseptic, anti spasmodic,

carminative, digestive, diuretic, laxative, sedative, stimulant, digestive and tonic properties. Mandarin oil is safe

to use during pregnancy, a blend of Lavender, Mandarin and Neroli in 10 ml of sweet almond oil and 2 ml of

wheat germ oil can be used for the prevention of stretch marks. It is also useful for treating acne, oily skin and

spots and have also indicated for the treatment of fluid retention and obesity. It also have the applications in

soaps, cosmetics, and perfumes, especially colognes. It is also used as a flavoring agent in liqueurs sweets and

drinks. Mandarian oil has been found Non-toxic, non-irritant, non-sensitizing.

Technical Details

Botanical Name Citrus reticulata

Family Rutaceae

Parts Used Peel

Origin India


Main Constituents limonene, methyl anthranilate, geraniol, citral, citronellal



Organoleptic properties very sweet, citrus and fruity




volumes 80% alcohol: soluble in


Use : As perfumes and flavours ingredients; aromatherapy oils


containers.

Table Of Contents

37

Marjoram Oil Marjoram oil is obtained from Origanum marjorana. This is a tender cold-sensitive, bushy perennial herb,

reaching upto about 60 cm height, with hairy stem, dark green oval leaves and small white or pink flowers. It has

sweet pine and citrus flavor. The major terpenoids present are sabinene, α-terpinene, γ-terpinene, p-cymene,

terpinolene, linalool, cis-sabinene hydrate, linalyl acetate, terpinen-4-ol and y-terpineol. It has analgesic, anti-

spasmodic, anaphrodisiac, antiseptic, antiviral, bactericidal, carminative, cephalic, cordial, diaphoretic, digestive,

diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, fungicidal, hypotensive, laxative, nervine, sedative, stomachic, vasodilator

and vulnerary properties. It is warm in action and have calming effect, relieves anxiety and stress. It has good

muscle relaxant properties and the pain killing properties which are useful for rheumatism, sprains, strains and

spasms, as well as swollen joints and painful muscles.

Technical Details

Botanical Name Origanum marjorana

Family Labiateae

Parts Used Leaves and Flowering Tops

Origin India


Main Constituents terpenene, d-terpeniol


Appearance Yellow or greenish-yellow liquid

Organoleptic properties Sweet, citrus and fruity




volumes 80% alcohol, soluble in


Use : In perfumes, flavours, aromatherapy oils, spa oils, cosmetic and medicinal products.


containers.

Table Of Contents

38

Mentha Piperita Oil Peppermint oil is extracted from Mentha piperita a hybrid of the watermint Mentha aquatica and spearmint

Mentha spicata. It is indigenous to Europe and is cultivated throughout the world. Peppermint is being widely

used as flavoring agent in toothpaste, confectionary, chewing gums, ice cream and also used as tea. It has a high

menthol content and also contains menthone and menthyl esters, particularly methyl acetate. It is the oldest

and most popular flavour of mint-flavoured confectionery. Peppermint can also be found in some shampoos and

soaps, which give the hair a minty scent and produce a cooling effect. Other components are 1,8-cineole,

methyl acetate, methofuran, isomenthone, limonene, β-pinene, α-pinene, germacrene-d, trans-sabinene

hydrate and pulegone. Peppermint oil have analgesic, anesthetic, antiseptic, antigalactagogue, antiphlogistic,

antispasmodic, astringent, carminative, cephalic, cholagogue, cordial, decongestant, emmenagogue,

expectorant, febrifuge, hepatic, nervine, stimulant, stomachic, sudorific, vasoconstrictor and vermifuge

properties.

Technical Details

Botanical Name Mentha piperita

Family Labiateae

Parts Used Whole Plant before flowering

Origin India


Main Constituents Monoterpenes, Alphapinenes, Limonene, Menthone, Menthol, Menthyl Acetate and Sesqterpenes



Organoleptic properties Fresh minty taste and cooling

sensation

Refractive index at 20 °C 1. 460-1.471




Use : Pharmaceutics aid (flavor), in flavoring liqueurs, toothpaste, mouthwash and different cosmetic products



39

Neem Oil

Neem oil is extracted from the fruits and seeds of Azadirachta indica, commonly known as Neem. It is

an evergreen tree mainly distributed in Indian Subcontinent. It has wide commercial applications in

organic farming and medicine. It is light to dark brown in color with bitter taste and strong odour. It is

widely used in cosmetic preparations like soaps, hair products, body hygiene creams, hand creams. It is

having remarkable applications in Ayurvedic, Unani and other Traditional systems of medicine. The

most frequently reported indications in ancient Ayurvedic writings are skin diseases, inflammations,

fevers, rheumatic disorders, insect repellent and insecticide. Seed oil has also been found to prevent

implantation and may even have an abortifacient effect.

Technical Details

Botanical Name Azadirachta indica

Family Meliaceae

Parts Used Seeds, Fruits

Origin India


Main Constituents Glycerides, stearodiolein, palmitodiolein, oleopalmitostearin, oleodipalmein, Azadirachtin


Appearance Light brown to dark brown

coloured liquid

Organoleptic properties Pungent bitter herbal odour and

taste



Solubility Almost insoluble in water, soluble

in other organic solvents

Use : In pharmaceutical aid, health tonics, blood purifier, ayurvedic and herbal preparations, as a natural

insecticide



40

Nutmeg Oil

The essential oil is obtained from the seeds of the tree Myristica fragrans. It is an evergreen tree

indigenous to the Banda Islands in the Moluccas of Indonesia. Two important spices are derived from

the fruit, nutmeg and mace. Mace is the dried reticulated ‘aril’ of the fruit and nutmeg is the dried seed

kernel of the fruit. The oil is used heavily in Perfumery and pharmaceutical industries. The oil is

colorless or light yellow and smells and tastes of nutmeg. It is used as a natural food flavouring in

baked goods, syrups, beverages and sweets. In cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries it is used in

toothpastes and in some cough syrups. In traditional medicine nutmeg and nutmeg oil were used for

illnesses related to the nervous and digestive systems. The active component, Myristicin is considered to

have hallucinogenic effect. It also have the applications in toothache and rheumatic pain.

Technical Details

Botanical Name Myristica fragrans

Family Myristicaceae

Parts Used Seeds

Origin India


Main Constituents Alphapinene, Betapinene, Limonene, Linalool, Sabinene, Terpene-4-ol, terpeneol, Myrticine


Appearance Colorless to pale yellow transparent

liquid

Organoleptic properties Characteristic spicy and aromatic

odour and taste


Specific Gravity at 20 °C 0.860 - 0.920



Use : In perfumery, flavor raw materials, health tonics, ayurvedic preparations, herbal cosmetics



41

Orange Oil Orange oil is obtained from glands inside the rind of orange fruit. It is mostly composed of mostly d-limonene.

The orange is a hybrid of ancient cultivated origin, possibly between pomelo (Citrus maxima) and mandarian

(Citrus reticulata). It is a small flowering tree growing to about 3 m tall with evergreen leaves, which are

arranged alternately, of ovate shape with crenulate margins and 4–10 cm long. The orange fruit is a

hesperidium, a type of berry. Sweet orange oil has a sweet, fresh and tangy smell, is yellow to orange in color.

The orange oil have antiseptic, anti-depressant, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, carminative, diuretic,

cholagogue, sedative and tonic properties.

Technical Details

Botanical Name Citrus aurantium

Family Rutaceae

Parts Used Fruit

Origin India


Main Constituents d-limonene, citral, decyl aldehyde, methyl anthranilate, linalool, terpeniol


Appearance Yellow to deep orange coloured

liquid

Organoleptic properties Characteristic orange peel smell





Use: As a herbal food supplement, fragrance and flavor ingredient, as an herbal ingredient in cosmetic and

medicinal products.


containers.

Table Of Contents

42

Peppermint Oil

Peppermint oil is obtained from Mentha arvensis. It is native to the temperate regions of Europe and

western and central Asia, east to the Himalya and eastern Siberia and North America. It is a herbaceous

perennial plant growing to 10–60 cm height. The leaves are in opposite pairs, simple, 2–6.5 cm long

and 1–2 cm broad, hairy, and with a coarsely serrated margin. The major component is Menthol and

have local anesthetic and counterirritant qualities. It is the component of the products meant to relieve

sore throat and minor mouth or throat irritation, muscle aches, sprains, and similar conditions. It has

been proved as antifungal and antibacterial agent. It is widely used in Confectionery, Perfumery, Mouth

fresheners, Cough Drops, Tobacco Goods, Medicated Oils Tooth pastes Analgesic Balms, Lotions,

Shampoos, Chewing Gums, Candies

Technical Details

Botanical Name Mentha arvensis

Family Labiatae

Parts Used Leaves and aerial parts

Origin India


Main Constituents Alpha-pinene, Limonene, Beta-pinene, citral, geraniol, neral and other Sesqueterpenes



Organoleptic properties Strong penetrating peppermint

odour and pungent taste





Use: As a fragrance and flavor ingredient, as a herbal Ingredient in cosmetic and medicinal Products



43

Pumpkin Seed Oil

Pumpkin seed oil is obtained from the seeds of Cucurbita pepo. It is prepared by pressing roasted hulled

pumpkin seeds. It has been produced and used in Styria's southern parts at least since the 18th century.

The viscous oil is light to very dark green to dark red in colour depending on the thickness of the

observed sample. The oil appears green in thin layer and red in thick layer. Pumpkin seed oil has an

intense nutty taste and is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Browned oil has a bitter taste. It has been

found useful in the treatment of benigan prostatic hyperplasia, irritable bowel syndrome, also found to

prevent atherosclerosis and regulate cholesterol levels. In German folk medicine, it has been a remedy

for parasitic infestations of the intestinal tract such as tapeworm. It is composed of unsaturated fatty

acids like myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoelic and linolenic acids.

Technical Details

Botanical Name Cucurbita pepo

Family Cucurbitaceae

Parts Used Fruit, Seeds

Origin India

Mode Of Extraction Cold pressed

Main Constituents Mixture of poly-unsaturated fatty acids


Appearance Light greenish yellow coloured

liquid

Organoleptic properties Pleasing delicate flavour with bland

taste




Use : As a fragrance and flavor ingredient, Aromatherapy oils, spa's oils, as an herbal Ingredient in cosmetic and

medicinal Products.



44

Rose Oil Rose oil is extracted from the petals of various species of rose. It is a perennial herb and form a erect shrubs,

and climbing or trailing plants, having stems with sharp prickles. The oil is extensively used in perfumery. It has

also been used in Ayurved as a medicine. Roses are grown for their flowers in the gardens as an ornamental

plants. The volatile components present in rose oil are citronellal, geraniol, nerol, linalool, phenyethyl alcohol,

fernasol, α-pinene, β-pinene, α-terpinene, limonene, p-cymene, camphene, β-caryophyllene, neral, citronellyl

acetate, neryl acetate, eugenol, α-damascenone, β- damascenone, benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol. Rose oil has

been found beneficial in improving circulation, strengthening the immune system, and healing the body. Rose

oil is Indigenous to Persia and commercially cultivated in Bulgaria, Italy, Spain, France etc. In India it, is widely

cultivated in Kashmir, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and Punjab States.

Technical Details

Botanical Name Rosa damacenia

Family Rosaceae

Parts Used Flower, Flower Buds, Petals and stems

Origin India

Mode Of Extraction Steam Distillati

Main Constituents Citronelol, Gerniol, Citronelyl acetate, Citronelyl formate



Organoleptic properties Highly fragrant sweet rose flower

odour



Solubility Slightly soluble in water, sparingly

soluble in alcohol and other organic

solvents

Use : Fragrance and flavor ingredient, aromatherapy oils, in fine cosmetic products.


containers.

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45

Rosemary Oil Rosemary oil is obtained from the leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis. It is a woody, perennial herb with fragrant

evergreen needle-like leaves native to the Mediterranean region. It is being used in Aromatherapy and have

various health benefits including stimulate hair growth, boost mental activity, relieve respiratory problems and

reduce pain. The important volatile constituents present are Cineole, Pinene, Borneol, Linalol, Alpha Terpineol,

Terpinen-4-ol, Bornyl Acetate, Camphor, Thujone, Camphene, Limonene, Beta-Caryophyllene. Flavonoids

(apigenin, diosmin), Tannins, Rosmarinic acid, Diterpenes (picrosalvin), Rosmaricine are other Componants

present in this oil. Rosmaricine has been referred to as a stimulant and mild analgesic. The anti-inflammatory

effect of the rosemary is mainly due to flavonoids and rosmarinic acid. It can be used for Aching muscles,

arthritis, dandruff, dull skin, exhaustion, gout, hair care, muscle cramping, neuralgia, poor circulation,

rheumatism.

Technical Details

Botanical Name Rosmarinus officinalis

Family Lamiaceae

Parts Used Leaves

Origin India


Main Constituents Cineol, Camphor, Pinene and Bornyl acetate



Organoleptic properties Characteristic rosemary odour



Solubility Insoluble in water; Soluble in

organic solvents

Use : As a fragrance and flavor raw material; aromatherapy oils


containers.

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46

Spearmint Oil Spearmint oil is obtained from the flowering tops of Mentha spicata. It is a native of the Mediterranean regions

of the world. It is a hard perennial herb, about 1 meter in height and has bright green lance-shaped, sharply

serrated leaves and pink or lilac-colored flowers. The volatile components of spearmint oil are α-pinene, β-

pinene, carvone, 1,8-cineole, linalool, limonene, myrcene, caryophyllene and menthol. The Menthol content is

less than that of the peppermint. Spearmint oil have antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, cephalic,

emmenagogue, insecticide, restorative and stimulant properties. It has culinary uses and have also been used in

alternative medicine.

Technical Details

Botanical Name Mentha spicata

Family Labiatae

Parts Used Flowering tops

Origin India


Main Constituents Carvone, l-limonene, pinene


Appearance Colorless, yellow or greenish-yellow

liquid

Organoleptic properties Characteristic spearmint odour and

taste




soluble in equal volume 80%

alcohol

Use : As a fragrance and flavor raw material


containers.

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47

Sweet Almond Oil

Sweet Almond oil is extracted from the seeds of Prunus amygdalus commonly known as Almond. It is a tree

native to the Middle East and South Asia. The oil is considered as an alternative medicine and widely used for

its healing properties and moisturizing agent. It is commonly used to treat dry, chapped skin and contains

mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, D, and E. Almond oil is a clear, pale yellow,

odourless liquid, with a bland, nutty taste. It consists chiefly of Olein, with a small proportion of the Glyceride of

Linolic Acid and other Glycerides. Sweet almond oil is used as a carrier oil in Aromatherapy together with other

essential oils. It is externally used in massage and skin care associated with eczema, dermatitis, psoriasis and

sunburn.

Technical Details

Botanical Name Prunus amygdalus

Family Rosaceae

Parts Used Seeds

Origin India


Main Constituents Mixture of Different Fatty Acids


Appearance Colorless or pale yellow liquid

Organoleptic properties Bland taste



Solubility Insoluble in water; slightly soluble

in alcohol; miscible in other organic

solvents

Use: In perfumery, manufacturing fine soaps; as lubricant for delicate mechanisms such as watches, firearms,

etc.


containers.

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48

Thyme Oil Thyme oil is extracted from leaves and flowering tops of Thymus vulgaris. Thyme is a culinary and medicinal

herb. The major volatile constituents are a-thujone, a-pinene, camphene, b-pinene, p-cymene, a-terpinene,

linalool, borneol, b-caryophyllene, thymol and carvacrol. It has antirheumatic, antiseptic, antispasmodic,

bactericidal, bechic, cardiac, carminative, cicatrisant, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, hypertensive,

insecticide, stimulant, tonic and vermifuge properties. The main component Thymol is a powerful antiseptic.

Thymol has been reported for its antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-fungal action, kills the anthrax bacillus, the

typhoid bacillus, meningococcus, and the agent responsible for tuberculosis and is active against salmonella and

staphylococcus bacteria. It has also been studied for its effects on gingivitis and plaque-caused organisms in the

mouth and is used in mouth washes (Listerine) for its antiseptic actions.

Technical Details

Botanical Name Thymus vulgaris

Family Labiatae

Parts Used Flowering Tops

Origin India

Mode Of Extraction Steam distilled

Main Constituents Thymol, carvacrol, cymene, pinene, linalool, bornyl acetate


Appearance Colorless to reddish brown liquid

Organoleptic properties Pleasant thymol odor





Use : As a fragrance and flavor ingredient, Aromatherapy oils, spa's oils, as an herbal Ingredient in cosmetic and

medicinal Products.


containers.

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49

Wheat Germ Oil Wheat germ oil is obtained from the germ of the wheat embryo or kernel. Wheat germ constitutes the 2.5% of

the wheat kernel. It is rich in octacosanol, a 28 carbon long-chain saturated primary alcohol and has been

studied as an exercise and physical performance enhancing agent. It is also rich in vitamin E content. Fatty acid

components include Linoelic acid, Palmitic acid, Oelic acid and Linolenic acid. Other uses of wheat germ oil

includes to increase blood flow, reaction time, as well as for treating certain skin conditions. It also has a high

content of Vitamin A, Vitamin D, protein and lecithin. It is very popular for external application due to its

beneficial effects on the skin and hence is increasingly finding place in the manufacture of skin care products. It

also have antioxidant properties, strengthening the immune system and restoring overall health.

Technical Details

Botanical Name Triticum aestivum

Family Gramineae

Parts Used Wheat Germ

Origin India


Main Constituents Linoleic acid, oleic acid, Vitamin-E


Appearance Colorless to reddish brown liquid

Organoleptic properties Bland taste and odourless




organic solvents

Use : As a fragrance and flavor raw material; aromatherapy oils, herbal ingredient in skincare products and

natural source of vitamin-E


containers.

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50

Wintergreen Oil

Wintergreen oil is obtained from is a group of plants commonly known as they remain green through the

winter. It is generally extracted from the species of Gaultheria. The major component is an ester Methyl

Salicylate ( about 98%), which is found to protect the plants from insects. Other components includes α-

pinene, myrcene, delta-3-carene, limonene, 3,7- guaiadiene and delta-cadinene. Methyl salicylate is used

as a rubifacient ( Counterirritant) in deep heating liniments flavoring agent and fragrance in small

amounts. It can cause stomach and kidney problems in higher quantities. The oil is used topically

(diluted) or in aromatherapy for muscle and joint discomfort, arthritis, cellulite, obesity, edema, poor

circulation, heart diseases, hypertension, rheumatism, tendentious, cramps, inflammation, eczema, hair

care, psoriasis, gout, ulcers, broken or bruised bones. It is also used in some perfumery applications and

as a flavoring agent, toothpaste, chewing gum and soft drinks.

Technical Details

Botanical Name Gaultheria procumbens

Family Ericaceae

Parts Used Aerial parts

Origin India


Main Constituents alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, methyl salicylate



Organoleptic properties Characteristic wintergreen odour




Use : As a fragrance and flavor ingredient, Aromatherapy oils, spa's oils, as an herbal ingredient in cosmetic and

medicinal products.

Storage : well closed in air tight containers away from sunlight and heat preferably in amber color glass

containers.

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51

Ylang Ylang Oil Ylang Ylang Oil is obtained from the flowers of the plant Cananga odoratam and is used in Aromatherapy.

Constituents includes Linalool, geranyl acetate, caryophyllene, p-cresyl, methyl ether, methyl benzoate, other,

sesquiterpenes. These have Antidepressant, antiseptic, aphrodisiac, hypotensive, sedative properties. The

essential oil of ylang-ylang is used in aromatherapy. It is believed to relieve high blood pressure normalize

sebum secretion for skin problems, and is considered to be an aphrodisiac. The oil from ylang-ylang is widely

used in perfumery for oriental or floral themed perfumes. Ylang-ylang blends well with most floral, fruit and

wood smells.

Technical Details

Botanical Name Cananga odorata

Family Annonaceae

Parts Used Flowers

Origin India


Main Constituents Geraniol, linalool, p-cresol methyl ether, linalyl acetate



Organoleptic properties Highly fragrant oil



organic solvents

Use : As a fragrance and flavor raw material; aromatherapy oils, herbal ingredient in skincare products


containers.

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52

Contact Details Ms. Meenakshi Sharma ( Director )

424, SG Shopping Mall, Sector No. 9, Rohini

New Delhi, Delhi - 110 085, India

Email : [email protected]

Telephone : +(91)-(11)-27552087/ 27553276

Mobile : +(91)-9899890998

Fax : +(91)-(11)-27553276

Other Contact Details Branch Office

Ms. Meenakshi Sharma

10, 2nd Cross, Veerabhadra Nagar Nr Basavanagar, Bangalore - 560037, India

Mobile/Cell : +919739238552

Visit Us at www.herbalbiosolutions.us

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