Helaina Black - ESPA Alter Project
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Transcript of Helaina Black - ESPA Alter Project
Alternative Carbon Investments in Ecosystems for Poverty Alleviation
Below-ground versus above-ground opportunities for the restoration of ecosystem services
ESPA meeting, NairobiMarch 2016
http://www.ciesin.columbia.edu/afsis/mapclient/http://nape.or.ug/http://na.unep.net/Alter team photos
ALTER: Alternative Carbon Investments in Ecosystems for Poverty Alleviation
Why focus on soils?
ALTER: Alternative Carbon Investments in Ecosystems for Poverty Alleviation Ethiopia Southern Agricultural Research Institute (SARI), Country Coordinator Hawassa University International Water Management Institute (IWMI)UK James Hutton Institute (JHI), Project Leader University of AberdeenUganda Carbon Foundation of East Africa (CAFEA)
Subsequent collaborations :University of Turin, Italy; Natural History Museum, UK; Ethiopian Institute of Biodiversity; University of Edinburgh
ALTER: Alternative Carbon Investments in Ecosystems for Poverty Alleviation
Study areas
Halaba, Southern Ethiopia Southern Uganda
Contrast between regions• Dryland low carbon soils vs wetland carbon rich soils• Socio-political enviroments – governance, education, policies
Overarching research question
MULTIPLE HUMAN BENEFITS
CULTURAL (history, spiritual, knowledge)
REGULATING (water quality, erosion,
climate)
PROVISIONING (food and fibre,, water
quantity)
POVERTY ALLEVIATION
Can investment in soil (carbon) be used
to alleviate poverty? • By restoring, enhancing or protecting the
goods and services supported by soils in
regions where soils are degraded or under
threat of degradation.
• Is SOC (soil) an alternative to investment in
aboveground carbon or other mechanisms?
How do people benefit from soils within their landscapes and what are their attitudes towards soil?
CROPS, FODDER, DRINKING WATER, FUEL, CLOTHING, BUILDINGS,
FURNITURE, WILD FOODS, CULTURE,
WEATHER & CLIMATE REGULATION, BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION, WATER
FOR INDUSTRY & URBAN AREAS…
Apply models across space and time to
evaluate soil-focussed intervention options
Data collection and model
developmentDevelop storylines and narratives for
locally specific scenarios
Multiple-scale strategies for long-term poverty alleviation through ecosystem services -
reflecting climate change adaptation
New dataNew toolsNew insightsNew guidance
Assess the effectiveness of interventions and investments in soil carbon
Define capacity of soils to supply ecosystem services
Understand the relationships between poverty, people, soils and soil carbon
Enable capacity building and generation of new information
Assess the resilience of poverty alleviation linked to soils-based ecosystem services
Planned Research Outcomes
WP4. Delivery of
development and academic
impact
WP3. Assess the effectiveness of mechanisms to alleviate poverty through
soil carbon
WP1. Understand socio-economic
relationships between soils and poverty
WP2. Assess the capacity of the soil to
supply ecosystem services
Work package 4:
Delivery of academic
and development impact
ESPA AIMS:• Capture relevant change scenarios • Engage stakeholders • Provide facilitation evidence for enablers of change
ALTER: Alternative Carbon Investments in Ecosystems for Poverty Alleviation
Legacy
Led by: Dr. Helaina Black
ALTER: Alternative Carbon Investments in Ecosystems for Poverty Alleviation
WP4 IMPACT
Local Regional National International
NAPAs & NAMAs
AfSIS
Local Regional National International
Impact of this research
Provide sound information to support strategies to alleviate poverty in rural communities of dryland and wetland areas of Africa
Evidence for increased investment in soils
Education and awareness raising of soil values and soil improvement opportunities
Policy and planning for soil use and management
Support project development and implementation
Contribute to advances in science
Evidence for implementation of NAPAs and NAMAs
Evidence to support the development of strategies in natural resource use, management and restoration
Skills, expertise, data and knowledge
International impact routes
• UN IPBES and ITPS– Revised World Soil Charter 2015
• Global Soil Partnership– Pillars of Action
• CGIAR Programmes • Impact orientated scientific fora
http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/c6814873-efc3-41db-b7d3-2081a10ede50/
FLARE conference December 2016
National to local impact routes• Policy,, advisory, research, local communities, farmers…
– Working with well-placed organisations and individuals• If we produce something useful in the right format for them then
people will use it
If we produce something useful in the right format then people will be use it, or not!
Fieldwork- GHG emissions
What are the seasonal and annual C losses from organic soils under potato cultivation? - 3 field plots, 10 sample points per plot- Sampled at time of plot preparation, mid growing
season, post harvest- Developing 3 methods for evaluating losses
Total C losses from organic soils since drainage?- Same sample plots and points- Using 2 of the methods for evaluating losses
What is the variability in GHG emissions within cultivated areas on organic wetland soils?- Measured CO2 emissions for 3x 5-day periods- Measured GHG emissions for 2x 5-day periods
Agricultural Based on HH survey
HH survey:• 3 main categories:
Rich 11%Medium 36%Poor 53%
• 2.6 plots each on average:2 plots 95%3 plots 45%4 plots 13%5 plots 4.5%6 plots 1.5%7 plots 0.5%
Initial strategy:1. ~ 200 locations on agricultural land (~70 HH)2. 2 to 3 plots for each selected HH3. HH selected based on category and possibly
other variables in the survey (e.g. soil quality of the plots)
Non-Agricultural Based on LC and bio-physical
Initial strategy:1. ~ 100 locations on non-agricultural land2. Strata based on
a) clusters of soil properties & morphological featuresb) Land cover classes
3. Locations selected within the strata using random probabilistic approach weighted by area
Household Survey Development
Survey draws upon• ALTER WP1 Ethiopian HH survey• Uganda National Household Survey (UNHHS)• Africa Soil Information Service (AfSIS) • Climate Change Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)
Administered using Open Data Kit (ODK) on Android Phones
ODK is a free, open source resource • Requires basic programme in Excel• Diverse input data types
(text, date, multiple choice, audio, GPS) • Complete package for survey design, data collection,
data aggregation• Reduces errors, speeds up data processing, and
allows data review/ instant enumerator feedback
Lessons and methods described in Household Survey Tool Kit documentation
Work Package
1.1.5 Qualitative analysis of poverty - dimensions (the SLA five capitals) and dynamics
1.1.6 Quantitative analysis of poverty - dimensions (the SLA five capitals focusing soil ES) and dynamics
1.2.3. Economic model of land use decision
Example of findings (Ethiopia): Complex dynamics of soil erosion
Stuff that came up in the Halaba focus groups
illustrating the complex drivers, interacting factors, impacts and feedbacks that are relevant when talking
about soil erosion and management in Halaba
>20 researchers in 3 countries working together with communities in Ethiopia and Uganda
Learning process for allBuilding new ways of working Learning to work with new people and new organisations
Challenging but fun
“ambitious“ and new science tackling a big issue
http://www.espa-alter.org/