Heirloom Varieties: Golden Oldies in the Garden Presented by Joran Viers Bernalillo County...

Heirloom Varieties: Heirloom Varieties: Golden Oldies in the Golden Oldies in the

GardenGarden

Presented by Joran ViersPresented by Joran Viers

Bernalillo County Cooperative Bernalillo County Cooperative Extension ServiceExtension Service

DefinitionsDefinitions

What is an heirloom variety:What is an heirloom variety:

An open-pollinated variety An open-pollinated variety having some considerable having some considerable ancestry and history of use.ancestry and history of use.

Definitions, cont.Definitions, cont.

Open-pollinated: not a hybrid variety; Open-pollinated: not a hybrid variety; seeds from OP plants will grow plants seeds from OP plants will grow plants that exhibit the desired varietal that exhibit the desired varietal characteristics (provided proper care characteristics (provided proper care has been taken to prevent out-has been taken to prevent out-crossing with other varieties).crossing with other varieties).


When plant breeders create a hybrid When plant breeders create a hybrid variety, they cross two lines and come variety, they cross two lines and come out with progeny exhibiting desired out with progeny exhibiting desired characters. This hybrid generation is characters. This hybrid generation is termed the F1 generation, and it has a termed the F1 generation, and it has a very uniform set of characters. very uniform set of characters. However, when the F1 is allowed to set However, when the F1 is allowed to set seed, the resulting F2 generation seed, the resulting F2 generation exhibits a very wide and unpredictable exhibits a very wide and unpredictable set of characters.set of characters.

Parental plants = round, Parental plants = round, yellow and wrinkled, yellow and wrinkled, green.green.

F1 generation = all F1 generation = all uniformly round and uniformly round and yellow.yellow.

F2 generation = four F2 generation = four different phenotypes, different phenotypes, nine different nine different genotypes.genotypes.

Saving seed from the F1 Saving seed from the F1 will not yield uniform will not yield uniform plants in subsequent plants in subsequent generations.generations.


Variety: a named “type” of a vegetable Variety: a named “type” of a vegetable species, having certain distinguishing species, having certain distinguishing characteristics (taste, shape, color, characteristics (taste, shape, color, size, length of season, etc.), being size, length of season, etc.), being adapted to certain climates and soils, adapted to certain climates and soils, being resistant (or not!) to certain being resistant (or not!) to certain pests/diseases…pests/diseases…

A variety can be OP or hybrid.A variety can be OP or hybrid.


Considerable ancestry and history of Considerable ancestry and history of use: decades or centuries of use. use: decades or centuries of use. Often, long history in limited Often, long history in limited geographic area before becoming geographic area before becoming more widely available. Often, more widely available. Often, cultural connection with human cultural connection with human society of origin.society of origin.

Flour corn:

Hopi Yellow

Tarahumara

Maiz Rojo

Vadito Blue

Mayo Tosabatchi

Images courtesy of Native Seeds/SEARCH

How are heirloom varieties different?How are heirloom varieties different?

From hybrids: these are specific crosses of two From hybrids: these are specific crosses of two distinct lines, having very uniform characteristics. distinct lines, having very uniform characteristics. Seed from the F1 generation, when grown out, Seed from the F1 generation, when grown out, exhibit wide variability and few come true to the exhibit wide variability and few come true to the F1 “type”. Often bred for high performance F1 “type”. Often bred for high performance under optimum conditions, may not handle stress under optimum conditions, may not handle stress well.well.

From newer open-pollinated varieties: these don’t From newer open-pollinated varieties: these don’t (yet) have a history, a record of use and approval, (yet) have a history, a record of use and approval, a connection to a group of people…however, from a connection to a group of people…however, from today’s new open pollinated varieties come today’s new open pollinated varieties come tomorrow’s heirloom varieties.tomorrow’s heirloom varieties.

Why grow heirloom varieties?Why grow heirloom varieties?

Given that many hybrids do quite well in Given that many hybrids do quite well in garden settings, taste fine, and may garden settings, taste fine, and may have more pest/disease resistance…this have more pest/disease resistance…this is a good question.is a good question.

1.1. The challengeThe challenge

2.2. The variety of varietiesThe variety of varieties

3.3. The biodiversityThe biodiversity

4.4. To save seedsTo save seeds

1.1. The challengeThe challenge

Many gardeners appreciate a challenge. Some of Many gardeners appreciate a challenge. Some of the tastier heirloom varieties may require extra the tastier heirloom varieties may require extra love and care to be successful.love and care to be successful.

Waltham 29 broccoli New England Pie pumpkin

2. The variety of varieties2. The variety of varieties

Many gardeners like to Many gardeners like to grow multiple types of grow multiple types of certain crops, to revel certain crops, to revel in the variety. in the variety. Different colors, Different colors, shapes, tastes, uses…shapes, tastes, uses…it’s easy to get lost in it’s easy to get lost in the bounty! Market the bounty! Market gardeners benefit from gardeners benefit from offering their clientele offering their clientele a nice range of choices.a nice range of choices.

Red Core Chantenay, Japanese Imperial Long, Scarlet Nantes and Oxheart carrots. Images courtesy of Seeds of Change.

3. The biodiversity3. The biodiversity

The greater the range of genes available in a The greater the range of genes available in a crop plant species, the more secure the crop plant species, the more secure the future of that crop. Just a few large future of that crop. Just a few large corporations control the majority of crop corporations control the majority of crop seeds, and they offer relatively few choices. seeds, and they offer relatively few choices.

Smaller, independent seed companies, certain Smaller, independent seed companies, certain non-profit organizations and backyard non-profit organizations and backyard gardeners are vitally important to the gardeners are vitally important to the maintenance of the incredible genetic maintenance of the incredible genetic diversity that humanity has fostered in our diversity that humanity has fostered in our cultivated plants.cultivated plants.

4. To be able to save seeds4. To be able to save seeds

Many gardeners like to save seeds from Many gardeners like to save seeds from their own gardens, to plant again next their own gardens, to plant again next year and to share with friends. Seed year and to share with friends. Seed saving is a fun hobby and a useful art. saving is a fun hobby and a useful art. Depending on the species, seed saving is Depending on the species, seed saving is relatively easy (beans, tomatoes) or it may relatively easy (beans, tomatoes) or it may require considerable planning and care require considerable planning and care (squash, peppers).(squash, peppers).

Seed saving: a brief discussionSeed saving: a brief discussion

Heirloom varieties can inspire the latent seed-Heirloom varieties can inspire the latent seed-saver in a gardener. Simplisticly, successful saver in a gardener. Simplisticly, successful seed saving relies upon four steps:seed saving relies upon four steps:

1.1. Ensure proper pollinationEnsure proper pollination

2. 2. Allow plants to mature seedsAllow plants to mature seeds

3.3. Harvest seed, process as appropriateHarvest seed, process as appropriate

4.4. Store seed properly until next plantingStore seed properly until next planting

Following is a discussion of some Following is a discussion of some different plant families, some different plant families, some important crop species in those important crop species in those families, some of the heirloom families, some of the heirloom varieties available and specific seed-varieties available and specific seed-saving guidelines.saving guidelines.

Family: AmaryllidaceaeFamily: Amaryllidaceae

Crop species:Crop species:

Allium ampeloprasumAllium ampeloprasum: leek: leek

A. cepaA. cepa: common onion, shallot, potato : common onion, shallot, potato oniononion

A. sativumA. sativum: garlic: garlic

A. schoenoprasumA. schoenoprasum: common chives: common chives

A. tuberosumA. tuberosum: garlic chives (Chines chives): garlic chives (Chines chives)

Variety names:Variety names:

Leek: Giant Musselburgh, Blue Solaize, Leek: Giant Musselburgh, Blue Solaize, Prizetaker.Prizetaker.

Seed saving: self-incompatible, insect Seed saving: self-incompatible, insect pollinated. Isolate varieties by 1-3 miles, pollinated. Isolate varieties by 1-3 miles, or cage and hand pollinate. Biennial, or cage and hand pollinate. Biennial, produce flower stalks after 4-6 weeks cold produce flower stalks after 4-6 weeks cold weather. Can overwinter here under weather. Can overwinter here under mulch. Overwintering leeks often produce mulch. Overwintering leeks often produce side shoots which can be used to side shoots which can be used to vegetatively reproduce the variety.vegetatively reproduce the variety.

Poncho Giant MusselburgImages courtesy Seeds of Change


Onion: Texas GranoOnion: Texas Grano

Shallot: French, Dutch Yellow, GrayShallot: French, Dutch Yellow, Gray

Multiplier: Yellow, PotatoMultiplier: Yellow, Potato

Seed saving: similar to leeks: for purity, Seed saving: similar to leeks: for purity, isolate well from other isolate well from other A. cepaA. cepa that will that will flower at same time. Shallots, multiplier/ flower at same time. Shallots, multiplier/ potato onions often reproduced potato onions often reproduced vegetatively (no isolation required for vegetatively (no isolation required for propagation this way).propagation this way).

Texas Grano (Thompson & Morgan)

Yellow shallots; red shallots (de Groot)


Garlic: Inchelium Red, Georgian Crystal, Garlic: Inchelium Red, Georgian Crystal, Chet’s Italian Red, California Early, Spanish Chet’s Italian Red, California Early, Spanish Roja, Killarney Red, German Brown, Persian Roja, Killarney Red, German Brown, Persian Star, Red Czar, Brown Rose, Jovak, Star, Red Czar, Brown Rose, Jovak, Rosewood, Georgia Fire, Wild Buff, Rosewood, Georgia Fire, Wild Buff, Susanville, Nootka Rose, Mild French, Idaho Susanville, Nootka Rose, Mild French, Idaho Silver, St. Helens, Asian Tempest, Red Silver, St. Helens, Asian Tempest, Red Janice, China Stripe, Lotus, Uzbek Turban, Janice, China Stripe, Lotus, Uzbek Turban, Burgandy, Cuban Purple, Pescadero Red……Burgandy, Cuban Purple, Pescadero Red……

Seed saving: garlic does not make true seed. Seed saving: garlic does not make true seed. Plant cloves or bulbils. No need to isolate.Plant cloves or bulbils. No need to isolate.

Asian Tempest

Georgian Crystal

Inchelium Red

Persian Star

(Courtesy Seed Savers Exchange)

Family: BrassicaceaeFamily: Brassicaceae

Crop species:Crop species:Brassica junceaBrassica juncea: mustard greens: mustard greensB. oleraceaB. oleracea: broccoli, Brussels sprouts, : broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, collards, kale, kohlrabicabbage, cauliflower, collards, kale, kohlrabiB. rapaB. rapa: turnip, Chinese cabbage, broccoli : turnip, Chinese cabbage, broccoli raabraabRaphanus sativusRaphanus sativus: radish: radish

Seed saving: insect pollinated, largely self-incompatible. Seed saving: insect pollinated, largely self-incompatible. Save seed from more than one plant. Isolate by ½ Save seed from more than one plant. Isolate by ½ mile or cage.mile or cage.

Variety names: Variety names:

Mustard: Osaka Purple, Giant Red, Green Mustard: Osaka Purple, Giant Red, Green WaveWaveCabbage: Early Jersey Wakefield, Mammoth Cabbage: Early Jersey Wakefield, Mammoth Red Rock, Premium Late Flat DutchRed Rock, Premium Late Flat DutchBroccoli: Waltham 29, Calabrese, De CiccoBroccoli: Waltham 29, Calabrese, De CiccoCauliflower: Early Snowball, Purple CapeCauliflower: Early Snowball, Purple CapeKale: Dwarf Blue Curled Scotch, LacinatoKale: Dwarf Blue Curled Scotch, LacinatoKohlrabi: Supershmeltz, DynaKohlrabi: Supershmeltz, DynaCollards: Champion, VatesCollards: Champion, VatesBrussels Sprouts: Long Island ImprovedBrussels Sprouts: Long Island Improved

Calabrese Early Jersey Wakefield Mammoth Red Rock

Early Snowball Vates Dwarf Blue Curled Scotch

Courtesy Seed Savers Exchange


Turnip: Purple Top White Turnip: Purple Top White Globe, Shogoin, Scarlet Globe, Shogoin, Scarlet BallBall

Radish: China Rose, Radish: China Rose, French Breakfast, German French Breakfast, German Beer, Round Black Beer, Round Black Spanish, White IcicleSpanish, White Icicle

Broccoli Raab: Sorrento, Broccoli Raab: Sorrento, ZamboniZamboni

Courtesy Seeds of Change

Round Black Spanish

French Breakfast White Icicle


Family: ChenopodiaceaeFamily: Chenopodiaceae

Crop species:Crop species:Beta vulgarisBeta vulgaris: beet, Swiss chard: beet, Swiss chard

Spinacia oleraceaeSpinacia oleraceae: spinach: spinach

Seed saving: wind pollinated, self-fertile. Seed saving: wind pollinated, self-fertile. Isolate in time or space, or cage, or bag Isolate in time or space, or cage, or bag inflorescence.inflorescence.Spinach is monoecious, need a ratio of 1 Spinach is monoecious, need a ratio of 1 male per two female plants.male per two female plants.


Beet: Burpee’s Golden, Chioggia, Cylindra, Beet: Burpee’s Golden, Chioggia, Cylindra, Detroit Dark Red, Lutz Green Leaf, Bull’s Detroit Dark Red, Lutz Green Leaf, Bull’s BloodBlood

Swiss Chard: Fordhook Giant, Rhubarb, Five Swiss Chard: Fordhook Giant, Rhubarb, Five Color SilverbeetColor Silverbeet

Spinach: Bloomsdale Long Standing, ViroflaySpinach: Bloomsdale Long Standing, Viroflay

Bulls Blood Burpee’s Golden ChioggiaCylindra

Fordhook Giant Rhubarb 5 Color Silverbeet America


Family: AsteraceaeFamily: Asteraceae

Crop species:Crop species:Lactuca sativaLactuca sativa: lettuce: lettuce

Seed saving: grown in Egypt by about 4500 Seed saving: grown in Egypt by about 4500 BC. Largely self-pollinating, as flower BC. Largely self-pollinating, as flower opens. Can be insect pollinated, chance of opens. Can be insect pollinated, chance of cross-pollination by neighboring varieties cross-pollination by neighboring varieties not well known. Cage to ensure complete not well known. Cage to ensure complete purity, or stagger planting times. USDA purity, or stagger planting times. USDA recommends 12 feet between varieties.recommends 12 feet between varieties.


Amish Deer Tongue, Australian Yellowleaf, Amish Deer Tongue, Australian Yellowleaf, Baby Oakleaf, Bronze Arrowhead, Bunte Baby Oakleaf, Bronze Arrowhead, Bunte Forellenschuss, Buttercrunch, Crisp Mint, Forellenschuss, Buttercrunch, Crisp Mint, Flame, Gold Rush, Green Oakleaf, Lollo Flame, Gold Rush, Green Oakleaf, Lollo Rossa, Mascara, Merveille des Quatre Rossa, Mascara, Merveille des Quatre Saisions, Pablo, Pirat, Red Coral, Red Saisions, Pablo, Pirat, Red Coral, Red Leprechaun, Red Rapids, Red Romaine, Leprechaun, Red Rapids, Red Romaine, Red Salad Bowl, Red Velvet, Reine des Red Salad Bowl, Red Velvet, Reine des Glaces, Rossa di Trento, Rossimo, Rouge Glaces, Rossa di Trento, Rossimo, Rouge d’Hiver, Rubin, Slobolt, Tango, Tennis Ball, d’Hiver, Rubin, Slobolt, Tango, Tennis Ball, etc., etc., etc etc., etc., etc

Amish Deer Bronze Bunte Flame Tongue Arrowhead Forellenschuss

Merveille des Pirat Red Romaine Tango

Quatre Saisons


Family: CucurbitaceaeFamily: Cucurbitaceae

Crop species:Crop species:Citrullus vulgarisCitrullus vulgaris: watermelon: watermelonCucumis meloCucumis melo: muskmelon, cantaloupe, honeydew, : muskmelon, cantaloupe, honeydew,

casabacasabaCucumis sativusCucumis sativus: cucumber: cucumberCucurbita maximaCucurbita maxima: squash (banana, hubbard, : squash (banana, hubbard, buttercup)buttercup)Cucurbita mixtaCucurbita mixta: squash (cushaw, silver-seeded : squash (cushaw, silver-seeded gourds)gourds)Cucurbita moschataCucurbita moschata: squash (butternut, cheese, : squash (butternut, cheese, golden golden cushaw)cushaw)Cucurbita pepoCucurbita pepo: squash (acorn, crookneck, scallop, : squash (acorn, crookneck, scallop,

spaghetti, zucchini, pumpkin)spaghetti, zucchini, pumpkin)

Seed saving:Seed saving:

All species in this family have separate male All species in this family have separate male and female flowers on each plant. All are insect and female flowers on each plant. All are insect pollinated and readily outcross with other pollinated and readily outcross with other varieties in same species. Isolate by ½ mile, or varieties in same species. Isolate by ½ mile, or do hand-pollinating (flower bagging is easier do hand-pollinating (flower bagging is easier than caging).than caging).

Variety names:Variety names:Watermelon: Blacktail Mountain, Chelsea, Chris Cross, Watermelon: Blacktail Mountain, Chelsea, Chris Cross,

Cream of Saskatchewan, Melitopolski, Moon and Cream of Saskatchewan, Melitopolski, Moon and Stars, Mountain Sweet Yellow, Orangeglo, Picnic, Stars, Mountain Sweet Yellow, Orangeglo, Picnic, Sweet Siberian, Acoma, Hopi Red, Hopi Yellow, Jemez, Sweet Siberian, Acoma, Hopi Red, Hopi Yellow, Jemez, Jumanos, Mayo, Navojo Red-seeded, San Juan, Rio San Jumanos, Mayo, Navojo Red-seeded, San Juan, Rio San Miguel, Santo Domingo Winter, Tohono O’odham Miguel, Santo Domingo Winter, Tohono O’odham Yellow meated.Yellow meated.

Melons: Acoma, Chimayo, Hopi Casaba, Isleta Pueblo, Melons: Acoma, Chimayo, Hopi Casaba, Isleta Pueblo, Jemiz, Melon de Castillo, Navajo Yellow, New Mexico Jemiz, Melon de Castillo, Navajo Yellow, New Mexico (from Alameda!), O’odham Ke:li Ba:so, San Felipe, (from Alameda!), O’odham Ke:li Ba:so, San Felipe, Santo Domingo, Amish, Banana, Bidwell Casaba, Santo Domingo, Amish, Banana, Bidwell Casaba, Burrell’s Jumbo, Cavaillon Espagnol, Collective Farm Burrell’s Jumbo, Cavaillon Espagnol, Collective Farm Woman, Crane, Early Hanover, Eden’s Gem, Green Woman, Crane, Early Hanover, Eden’s Gem, Green Nutmeg, Hearts of Gold, Hollybrook Luscious, Haogen, Nutmeg, Hearts of Gold, Hollybrook Luscious, Haogen, Jenny Lind, Minnesota Midget, Noir des Carmes, Piel Jenny Lind, Minnesota Midget, Noir des Carmes, Piel de Sapo, Prescott Fond Blanc, Pride of Wisconsin, de Sapo, Prescott Fond Blanc, Pride of Wisconsin, Sakata’s Sweet, Schoon’s Hard Shell.Sakata’s Sweet, Schoon’s Hard Shell.

Variety names:Variety names:Cucumber: A& C Pickling, Boothby’s Blonde, Bushy, Cucumber: A& C Pickling, Boothby’s Blonde, Bushy,

Double Yield, Early Fortune, Japanese Climbing, Double Yield, Early Fortune, Japanese Climbing, Longfellow, Miniature White, Parade, Snow’s Fancy Longfellow, Miniature White, Parade, Snow’s Fancy Pickling, True Lemon, White Wonder, Clinton, Pickling, True Lemon, White Wonder, Clinton, Telegraph Improved, Wautoma, Homemade Telegraph Improved, Wautoma, Homemade Pickles, Marketmore. Pickles, Marketmore.

Squash (Squash (C. maximaC. maxima): Amish Pie, Anna Swartz ): Amish Pie, Anna Swartz Hubbard, Australian Butter, Galeux d’Eysines, Hubbard, Australian Butter, Galeux d’Eysines, Golden Hubbard, Guatemalan Blue Banana, Iran, Golden Hubbard, Guatemalan Blue Banana, Iran, Kikuza, Queensland Blue, Rouge Vif d’Etampes, Kikuza, Queensland Blue, Rouge Vif d’Etampes, Calabaza del Norte, Indian Pumpkin, Mayo Blusher, Calabaza del Norte, Indian Pumpkin, Mayo Blusher, Minnie’s Apache Hubbard, Mormon Squash, Navajo Minnie’s Apache Hubbard, Mormon Squash, Navajo Hubbard, Peñasco Cheese, Taos.Hubbard, Peñasco Cheese, Taos.

Squash (Squash (C. mixtaC. mixta): Tennessee Sweet Potato, ): Tennessee Sweet Potato, Waltham Butternut.Waltham Butternut.

Squash (Squash (C. moschataC. moschata): Magdalena Big Cheese, Mayo ): Magdalena Big Cheese, Mayo Segualca, Middle Rio Conchos, Pima Bajo, Kikuza, Segualca, Middle Rio Conchos, Pima Bajo, Kikuza, Long Island Cheese.Long Island Cheese.


Squash (Squash (C. pepoC. pepo): Cheyenne Bush Pumpkin, ): Cheyenne Bush Pumpkin, Cornfield Pumpkin, Fordhook Acorn, Cornfield Pumpkin, Fordhook Acorn, Nimba, Pattison Panache, Summer Nimba, Pattison Panache, Summer Crookneck, Table Queen, Thelma Sanders Crookneck, Table Queen, Thelma Sanders Sweet Potato, Wood’s Prolific Bush Scallop, Sweet Potato, Wood’s Prolific Bush Scallop, Acoma Pumpkin, Hopi Pumpkin, Pacheco Acoma Pumpkin, Hopi Pumpkin, Pacheco Pumpkin, Tarahumara, Cocozelle Zucchini, Pumpkin, Tarahumara, Cocozelle Zucchini, Ronde de Nice Zucchini, Zucchetta Ronde de Nice Zucchini, Zucchetta Rampicante.Rampicante.

Blacktail Mountain Chris Cross Moon and Stars Orangeglo

Banana Collective Farm Early Hanover Prescott Fond Blanc Woman


Boothby’s Blonde Miniature White Snow’s Fancy True Lemon Pickling

Galeux d’Eysines Guatemalan Blue Long Island Cheese Summer Crookneck Banana


Family: FabaceaeFamily: FabaceaeCrop Species:Crop Species:

Phaseolus acutifoliusPhaseolus acutifolius: tepary bean: tepary bean

P. coccineusP. coccineus: runner bean: runner bean

P. lunatusP. lunatus: lima bean: lima bean

P. vulgarisP. vulgaris: common bean: common bean

Pisum sativumPisum sativum: garden pea: garden pea

Vicia fabaVicia faba: fava bean: fava bean

Seed saving: largely self-pollinating, may be Seed saving: largely self-pollinating, may be crossed by insects. For purity grow one crossed by insects. For purity grow one variety, cage, or isolate by some distance.variety, cage, or isolate by some distance.


Tepary: Big Fields White, Big Fields Brown, Tepary: Big Fields White, Big Fields Brown, Black, Blue Speckled, Brown Speckled, Black, Blue Speckled, Brown Speckled, Cocopah Brown, Cocopah White, Colonia Cocopah Brown, Cocopah White, Colonia Morelos Speckled, Guarijio White, Hopi Morelos Speckled, Guarijio White, Hopi White, Kickapoo White, Little Tucson Brown, White, Kickapoo White, Little Tucson Brown, Menager’s Dam Brown, Paiute Mixed, Paiute Menager’s Dam Brown, Paiute Mixed, Paiute Yellow, Pima Beige and Brown, Pinacate, Yellow, Pima Beige and Brown, Pinacate, Sacaton Brown, Sacaton White, San Felipe Sacaton Brown, Sacaton White, San Felipe Pueblo White, San Ignacio, San Pablo Pueblo White, San Ignacio, San Pablo Balleza, Santa Rosa, Sonoran White, Tohono Balleza, Santa Rosa, Sonoran White, Tohono O’odham Brown, Tohono O’odham White, O’odham Brown, Tohono O’odham White, Yoeme Brown, Yoeme White.Yoeme Brown, Yoeme White.

Runner: Four Corners, Scarlet Runner, Painted Lady, Runner: Four Corners, Scarlet Runner, Painted Lady, Sunset Runner. Sunset Runner.

Lima: Christmas Lima, Henderson Bush Lima, Sieva, Lima: Christmas Lima, Henderson Bush Lima, Sieva, Thorogreen.Thorogreen.

Common: Arikara Yellow, Bountiful, Brittle Wax, Common: Arikara Yellow, Bountiful, Brittle Wax, Brockton Horticultural, Cherokee Trail of Tears, Brockton Horticultural, Cherokee Trail of Tears, Dragon’s Tongue, Hidatsa Shield Figure, Kentucky Dragon’s Tongue, Hidatsa Shield Figure, Kentucky Wonder Bush, Jacob’s Cattle Gasless, Lazy Wonder Bush, Jacob’s Cattle Gasless, Lazy Housewife, Mayflower, Rattlesnake Soup, Speckled Housewife, Mayflower, Rattlesnake Soup, Speckled Cranberry, Swedish Brown, Oregon Blue Lake, Cranberry, Swedish Brown, Oregon Blue Lake, Tongue of Fire, Four Corners Gold, Frijol Gringo, Hopi Tongue of Fire, Four Corners Gold, Frijol Gringo, Hopi Black, Hopi Light Yellow, Hopi Pink, Hopi Pinto, Hopi Black, Hopi Light Yellow, Hopi Pink, Hopi Pinto, Hopi red, Milta Black, Mt. Pima Burro & Caballito, New red, Milta Black, Mt. Pima Burro & Caballito, New Mexico Bolitas, O’odham Pink, Taos Red, Vadito Mexico Bolitas, O’odham Pink, Taos Red, Vadito Bolita Bolita

Garden pea: Amish Snap, British Wonder, Garden pea: Amish Snap, British Wonder, Dwarf Gray Sugar, Green Arrow, Little Dwarf Gray Sugar, Green Arrow, Little Marvel, Sutton’s Harbinger, Tom Thumb, Marvel, Sutton’s Harbinger, Tom Thumb, Cascadia Snap, Sugar Ann, Oregon Giant. Cascadia Snap, Sugar Ann, Oregon Giant.

Fava: Aquadulce, Sweet Lorane, Broad Fava: Aquadulce, Sweet Lorane, Broad Windsor, Banner (used for cover Windsor, Banner (used for cover crop/green manure), Friedrichs (used for crop/green manure), Friedrichs (used for cover crop/green manure). cover crop/green manure).

(certain people, mostly men of (certain people, mostly men of southern European descent, may have southern European descent, may have potentially fatal allergy to fava beans) potentially fatal allergy to fava beans)

Big Fields White Blue Speckled Tohono O’odham Paiute Mixed Brown

Christmas Sieva Painted Lady Sunset


Courtesy Native Seeds/SEARCH

Arikara Yellow Dragon’s Tongue Mayflower Brittle Wax True Red

Cranberry

Brockton Swedish Brown Jacob’s Cattle Hidatsa Shield Cherokee Trail Horticultural Gasless Figure of Tears


Dwarf Gray Sugar Little Marvel Tom Thumb Green Arrow Edible Podded

British Wonder Amish Snap Aquadulce Broad Windsor


Courtesy Territorial Seed Company

Family: SolanaceaeFamily: Solanaceae

Crop species:Crop species:

Capsicum anuumCapsicum anuum: sweet and chili peppers: sweet and chili peppers

Lycopersicon escultentumLycopersicon escultentum: tomato: tomato

Solanum melongenaSolanum melongena: eggplant: eggplant

S. tuberosumS. tuberosum: potato: potato

Variety names:Variety names:Peppers: Alma Paprika, Aji Crystal, Ancho Gigantea, Peppers: Alma Paprika, Aji Crystal, Ancho Gigantea,

Balloon, Beaver Dam, Black Hungarian, Bulgarian Balloon, Beaver Dam, Black Hungarian, Bulgarian Carrot, Candlelight, Chervena Chushka, Cyklon, Carrot, Candlelight, Chervena Chushka, Cyklon, Fatali, Fish, Garden Sunshine, Georgia Flame, Fatali, Fish, Garden Sunshine, Georgia Flame, Golden Treasure, Jimmy Nardello’s Sweet Italian Golden Treasure, Jimmy Nardello’s Sweet Italian Frying Pepper, Hot Portugal, Lemon Drop, Marconi Frying Pepper, Hot Portugal, Lemon Drop, Marconi Red, Napolean Sweet, Orange Bell, Quadrato Asti Red, Napolean Sweet, Orange Bell, Quadrato Asti Giallo, Santa Fe Grande, California Wonder, Giallo, Santa Fe Grande, California Wonder, Staddon’s Select, Italian Pepperoncini, Gourmet, Staddon’s Select, Italian Pepperoncini, Gourmet, Red Bull’s Horn, Buran, Anaheim, Mulato Isleno, Red Bull’s Horn, Buran, Anaheim, Mulato Isleno, Ancho 101, Big Jim, etc.Ancho 101, Big Jim, etc.

Seed saving: all are capable of self-pollinating, but Seed saving: all are capable of self-pollinating, but will also easily out-cross with insect assistance. will also easily out-cross with insect assistance. Isolate by at least 500 feet, or cage. May need Isolate by at least 500 feet, or cage. May need flower agitation or hand pollination. Bag flower agitation or hand pollination. Bag individual flowers to prevent crossing.individual flowers to prevent crossing.

Tomato: SSE members offer 2,980 varieties!! Amish Tomato: SSE members offer 2,980 varieties!! Amish Paste, Angora Super Sweet, Aunt Ruby’s German Paste, Angora Super Sweet, Aunt Ruby’s German Green, Austin’s Red Pear, Basinga, Black Krim, Black Green, Austin’s Red Pear, Basinga, Black Krim, Black Plum, Black from Tula, Brandywine, Cherokee Purple, Plum, Black from Tula, Brandywine, Cherokee Purple, Cherry Roma, Czech’s Bush, Druzba, Dr. Wyche’s Cherry Roma, Czech’s Bush, Druzba, Dr. Wyche’s Yellow, German Pink, Giant Syrian, Golden Sunray, Yellow, German Pink, Giant Syrian, Golden Sunray, Green Zebra, Hillbilly Potato Leaf, Hungarian Heart, Isis Green Zebra, Hillbilly Potato Leaf, Hungarian Heart, Isis Candy Cherry , Juane Flamme, Kellogg’s Breakfast, Candy Cherry , Juane Flamme, Kellogg’s Breakfast, Lemon Drop, Long Tom, Martino’s Roma, Nebraska Lemon Drop, Long Tom, Martino’s Roma, Nebraska Wedding, Nyagous, Opalka, Orange Banana, Principe Wedding, Nyagous, Opalka, Orange Banana, Principe Borghese, Peron, Purple Russina, Red Fig, Borghese, Peron, Purple Russina, Red Fig, Riesentraube, Russian Persimmon, Soldacki, Stupice, Riesentraube, Russian Persimmon, Soldacki, Stupice, Tommy Toe, Tiger Tom, White Beauty…the list goes Tommy Toe, Tiger Tom, White Beauty…the list goes ever on!ever on!

Seed saving: Most tomatoes can be grown side by side Seed saving: Most tomatoes can be grown side by side with no trouble. To save seed, squeeze ripe fruit into with no trouble. To save seed, squeeze ripe fruit into container to collect seeds and surrounding gel. Allow container to collect seeds and surrounding gel. Allow gel to ferment for a few days. After this time, rinse gel to ferment for a few days. After this time, rinse resulting smelly goop to clean and isolate seeds, and resulting smelly goop to clean and isolate seeds, and then allow them to air dry.then allow them to air dry.

Eggplant: Applegreen, Casper, Diamond, Florida High Eggplant: Applegreen, Casper, Diamond, Florida High Bush, Listada de Gandia, Pingtung Long, Rosita, Bush, Listada de Gandia, Pingtung Long, Rosita, Thai Green, Udumalapet.Thai Green, Udumalapet.

Seed saving: primarily self-pollinating; isolate by 50 Seed saving: primarily self-pollinating; isolate by 50 feet or cage. To collect seed, fruit must ripen far feet or cage. To collect seed, fruit must ripen far past edible stage. Grate bottom portion of fruit past edible stage. Grate bottom portion of fruit (greatest seed density) into a bowl. Add water to (greatest seed density) into a bowl. Add water to within 2 inches of rim, squeeze gratings to release within 2 inches of rim, squeeze gratings to release good seeds (which will sink to bottom).good seeds (which will sink to bottom).

Potato: All Blue, Butte, Caribe, Carola, Cranberry Red, Potato: All Blue, Butte, Caribe, Carola, Cranberry Red, Rose Gold, Russian Banana, Yukon Gold, Elba, Red Rose Gold, Russian Banana, Yukon Gold, Elba, Red Cloud, Island Sunshine, Swedish Peanut, Rose Finn Cloud, Island Sunshine, Swedish Peanut, Rose Finn Apple, Onaway, Reddale. Apple, Onaway, Reddale.

Seed saving: mostly reproduced vegetatively, no Seed saving: mostly reproduced vegetatively, no chance of crossing. chance of crossing.

Chimayo Alcalde Lemon Drop Alma Paprika

Jimmy Nardello’s Ancho Gigantea Isleta Bulgarian Carrot

Courtesy Seed Savers Exchange, Native Seeds/SEARCH

Dixie Golden Giant Druzba Costoluto Genovesee Evergreen

Indische Fleish Hazel Mae Martino’s Roma Hillbilly

Lemony Peacevine Cherry Orange Russian Oregon Spring

Courtesy Tomatofest

Applegreen FL High Bush Listada de Gandia Ping Tung Long

All Blue Russian Banana Cranberry Red Yukon Gold


Family: ApiaceaeFamily: Apiaceae

Crop species:Crop species:Apium graveolens: celeryApium graveolens: celeryAnethum graveolens: dillAnethum graveolens: dillCoriandrum sativium: coridander (cilantro)Coriandrum sativium: coridander (cilantro)Daucus carota: carrotDaucus carota: carrotFoeniculum vulgare: fennelFoeniculum vulgare: fennel

Seed saving: Seed saving: perfect flowers, Seed saving: Seed saving: perfect flowers, self-incompatible. Insect pollinated. For self-incompatible. Insect pollinated. For purity, isolate by three miles, or cage, or purity, isolate by three miles, or cage, or hand pollinate.hand pollinate.


Celery: Ventura, Giant Red, Brilliant Celery: Ventura, Giant Red, Brilliant (celeriac)(celeriac)

Dill: Long Island Mammoth, Dukat, Fernleaf,Dill: Long Island Mammoth, Dukat, Fernleaf,

Bouquet SeedBouquet Seed

Coriander: Slo BoltCoriander: Slo Bolt

Carrot: Nantaise, Amstrong, Yellowstone, Carrot: Nantaise, Amstrong, Yellowstone, Royal Royal Chantenay, Danvers, Rodelika, Chantenay, Danvers, Rodelika, Thumbelina, Thumbelina, Kuttiger Kuttiger

Fennel: Perfection, Fino, RomyFennel: Perfection, Fino, Romy

Japanese Imperial Long

Oxheart

Red Core Chantennay

Scarlet Nantes

Courtesy Seeds of Change

Family: PoaceaeFamily: Poaceae

Crop species:Crop species:Zea mays: cornZea mays: corn

Seed saving: wind pollinated, readily cross Seed saving: wind pollinated, readily cross between varieties. For good pollination between varieties. For good pollination plant is blocks, not rows. Large population plant is blocks, not rows. Large population sizes guard against inbreeding depression. sizes guard against inbreeding depression. Isolate by two miles for purity, or bag and Isolate by two miles for purity, or bag and hand-pollinate. Sequential planting can hand-pollinate. Sequential planting can provide isolation in time, but you must provide isolation in time, but you must have a good idea of the maturity time of have a good idea of the maturity time of the varieties involved.the varieties involved.

Courtesy Native Seeds/SEARCH; Seed Savers Exchange

Golden Bataam Improved Painted Mountain Manzano Yellow

Stowell’s Evergreen Bloody Butcher Santo Domingo Posole

Heirloom Varieties: Golden Oldies in the Garden Presented by Joran Viers Bernalillo County...

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