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Higher Education Institutions’ Partnership Sub-Forum against HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia

Communication Strategy on HIV/AIDS and SRH

PREFACEThis Communication Strategy on HIV/AIDS and Sexual Reproductive Health (SRH) has been developed with active participation and support of FMOE, FHAPCO, member Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), key federal level governmental and international partner organizations, and other strategic collaborators working in the field.It aims to enable stakeholders in the Ethiopia’s HEIs to implement comprehensive, culturally appropriate, gender responsive and Behaviour Change Communication programmes for the prevention, control and mitigation of HIV/AIDS and SRH problems in HEIs.

This strategy document has eight sections. Section one discusses about the overview of HIV/AIDS and SRH in Ethiopia and in the HEIs; together with the policy environment for education sector activities in the field of HIV/AIDS/STIs/SRH. Section two states the rationale for the communication strategy; while section three provides an overview of environmental scan carried out through SWOT analysis. Section four has details on the major HIV/AIDS and SRH problems, risk factors and underlying causes identified among students of HEIs in the country. Current strategies to address HIV/AIDS and SRH in HEIs is explained in section five; while section six states about user of this strategy document, including its goal, purpose, objectives, guiding principles and strategic approaches. Sections seven and eight illustrate detailed matrix of message by objectives and target groups including message by risk factors; and also issues related to monitoring and evaluation.

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AcknowledgementsThe Federal Ministry of Education (FMOE), on behalf of the Higher Education Institutions’ (HEIs) Partnership Sub-Forum against HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia, would like to take this opportunity to express its deep appreciation and sincere thanks to all who participated in the development of this Communication Strategy on HIV/AIDS and Sexual Reproductive Health (SRH). The Ministry would also like to express sincere thanks and special appreciation to Federal HIV/AIDS P/C/Office (FHAPCO), UNICEF, USAID, Population Service - International-Ethiopia (PSI-E) and NASTAD-Ethiopia for the technical and financial support they have provided for the successful completion of the development of this Communication Strategy. The Ministry is also grateful for the exceeding contributions of the David and Lucile Packard Foundation who worked tirelessly to make this document a reality. Our appreciation also goes to CORHA, Network of Networks of HIV Positives in Ethiopia (NEP+), and all other development partners in providing priceless expertise and time to the successful development of this document. We are also grateful to NASTAD-Ethiopia for providing financial support for printing and distribution of this strategic document. Last but not least, the Ministry’s appreciation also goes to the National AIDS Resource Center (NARC) for the technical support it has provided in the design process of this strategy document.

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Communication Strategy on HIV/AIDS and SRH iii

Acronyms:AAC/AACs Anti-AIDS Club/ Anti-AIDS ClubsBCC Behavioral Change CommunicationBSS Behavior Surveillance SurveyCBO/CBOs Community Based Organization/ OrganizationsCC Community ConversationCSA Central Statistics Authority EC Emergency ContraceptiveEDHS Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey FHAPCO Federal HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Office FMOE Federal Ministry of Education FGDs Focus Group DiscussionsFP Family-PlanningHEIs Higher Education Institutions HIV/AIDS Human Immune Deficiency Virus/Acquired Immunity Deficiency SyndromeIEC Information Education CommunicationIGA Income Generation Activities MA Medical AbortionNGOs Non-Governmental OrganizationsRH Reproductive HealthSPM Strategic Plan Management SRH Sexual and Reproductive HealthSTIs Sexual Transmitted Infections SWOT Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, Threats YFS Youth Friendly ServicesYFSRH Youth Friendly Sexual and Reproductive HealthUNAIDS Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDSMARPs Most at Risk Populations PLHIV People Living with HIVIP Interpersonal CommunicationMM Mass Media


Table of Contents PagePREFACE ..................................................................................... iAcknowledgements ...................................................................... iiAcronyms .................................................................................... iiiExecutive Summary...................................................................... 1

1. Introduction .......................................................................31.1 Overview of HIV/AIDS and SRH Situation in Ethiopia....31.2 Overview of HIV/AIDS and SRH Situation in HEIs in

Ethiopia..........................................................................41.3 The Policy Environment.................................................6

2. Rationale for the Communication Strategy................................73. SWOT Analysis: ........................................................................8

3.1. SWOT Analysis : HIV/AIDS and SRH Interventions in HEIs................................................................................9 3.2. SWOT Analysis on HIV/AIDS and SRH Communication

Strategies in HEIs........................................................114. HIV/AIDS and SRH Problems, Risk Factors and Underlying Causes.....................................................................................12 4.1 Major HIV/AIDS and SRH Problems..........................12 4.2 Risk Factors...............................................................12 4.3 Underlying Causes.....................................................125. Current Strategies to Address HIV/AIDS and SRH in HEIs.....136. The Communication Strategy...................................................14

6.1 Who will Use this Strategy?...........................................146.2 Goal...............................................................................156.3 Purpose.........................................................................156.4 Communication Objectives............................................156.5 Guiding Principles..........................................................156.6 Strategic Approaches.....................................................17

7. Message .................................................................................197.1 Message by Objectives and Target Groups.................197.2 Message by Risk Factors...............................................43

8. Monitoring & Evaluation.................................................48Annex: 1......................................................................................52

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Executive SummaryHIV/AIDS response can be more successful when all stakeholders bring social transformations to reduce social, cultural and economic factors that make individuals vulnerable to HIV infections. Promoting healthy behaviours from relying on individual level models to broader based ecological perspective is needed to amplify and extend the efficacy of sexual risk reduction interventions. Thus, this communication strategy provides a practical and concise strategic communication strategy to address HIV/AIDS and SRH issues in Ethiopia’s Higher Education Institutions. The communication strategy aims to enable stakeholders to implement a comprehensive, culturally appropriate, and gender responsive, behaviour change communication programmes for the prevention, control and mitigation of HIV/AIDS and SRH problems in HEIs. Though the communication strategy focuses principally on prevention, it also addresses care and support, treatment, and capacity building. The strategy’s conceptual model begins with individuals, group and community to examine their needs for change, including knowledge, motivation, skills and ability to adopt and maintain healthy behaviours, and the establishment of an enabling environment.

The communication strategy is aligned to the National Strategic Plan for Multi Sectoral Response (SPM-II), the National HIV Behaviour Change Communication Framework, Standards on Youth Friendly Reproductive Health Services of Ethiopia, Minimum Package for Most at Risk Groups, Minimum Package for Youth Friendly SRH services, international experiences of HIV/ AIDS and

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SRH communication strategies. It is also evidence based on the studies done on risky sexual behaviours and predisposing factors among Higher Education Institutions of Ethiopia. This communication strategy is developed as a guide for all HEIs in Ethiopia. The document will help to guide key BCC efforts and activities at all levels and promote targeted and evidence based interventions.

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1. Introduction

1.1 Overview of HIV/AIDS and SRH Situation in Ethiopia

Ethiopia has a population size of 83.4 million of which young people accounts 1/3 (34.7%) of the total population (CSA, 2007). Accord-ing to the 2011 EDHS report, in Ethiopia, there are 800,000 people living with HIV/AIDS and 1.5% of population aged 15-49 years is infected with HIV. Currently HIV prevalence is 1.9% for women and 1.0% for men. HIV prevalence is 4.2% (Women 5.2%, Men 2.9%) among adults in urban areas while this was 0.6% (Women 0.8%, Men 0.5%) in rural areas. Furthermore, studies showed sex-ual and reproductive health problems are also one of the prevailing challenges for youth in Ethiopia. Young people are more at risk of acquiring STIs and other sexual and reproductive health conse-quences. The determinant factors that drive the epidemic and sexually risky behaviours among different population groups including youths are low level of comprehensive knowledge about HIVAIDS, low level of perceived risk and threat of HIV/AIDS, increased population migra-tion, high prevalence of unprotected sex with concurrent multiple partners, intergenerational and transactional sex, high prevalence of STIs, alcohol and substance abuse, gender inequality, poverty and other related factors (FHAPCO, 2010).

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1.2 Overview of HIV/AIDS and SRH Situation in HEIs in Ethiopia

UNAIDS (2004) report states that tertiary or higher education in-stitutions are more vulnerable to HIV/AIDS than other formal insti-tutions of learning; because these institutions cater for sexually-active young people, mostly between the age of 18-30 years, with high HIV prevalence. Similarly, the national document on HIV Pre-vention Package for Most at Risk Populations (MARPS) and Vul-nerable Groups developed by FHAPCO in 2011 states that young people in high schools and above are vulnerable and at risk to HIV infection due to various reasons that include practice of unprotect-ed casual sex and multiple sexual partners, lack of comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS and sexual and reproductive health, lack of access to HIV/AIDS and SRH services, sexual experimen-tation, early sexual debut , peer pressure, and other related factors. Several studies documented the presence of high risk sexual be-haviors among youth in higher education institutions in Ethiopia putting them at high risk of HIV infection and other SRH complica-tions. For instance, a study carried out in Addis Ababa University in 2009 showed 25.7% of respondents had multiple sexual partners and 80.7% of them did not perceive that they are at risk of HIV STI infection (Nugussu et al, 2009). Similarly a research finding from Haramaya University showed that 38% had sexual intercourse with a commercial sex worker without using a condom. The finding also depicted that about 3% of females experienced rape in their life time, 1.8% in the last 12 months, resulting in 14% of pregnancy cases (Tariku et al ,2012). Finding from Hosanna Health Science College also depicted 78% of the students had sexual experienc-es, 21.1% of them are involved substance use (alcohol), 47.6% of the respondents had multiple sexual partners (Samuel et al, 2012).

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The first national level study on risky sexual behavior and predis-posing factors conducted in 5 of the 22 public HEIs in Ethiopia showed that 29.71% of university students are sexually active and are engaging in risky sexual practices (FHAPCO, 2010).

Moreover, sex with multiple sexual partners (45.2%) was common among university students. The majority of the students (59.4%) who ever had sexual intercourse started sex during high school level; and 25.8% of the respondents also use substances. In addi-tion, use of condom by university students is suboptimal. Miscon-ceptions for not using condom are common among university stu-dents. The study also showed that 40.2% of the students who ever had sex has mentioned experience of having at least one of the sign and symptom of genitourinary tract infection such as vaginal or penile discharge, genital ulcers etc. Significant number of uni-versity students reported signs and symptoms of sexually transmit-ted infections (40.2% among the sexually active students), while some female students experienced unwanted pregnancy (12.0%) that ended in abortion. This study also showed that significant pro-portion of students do not perceive that university students to be at high risk of HIV infection; have stigmatizing attitude towards PL-HIV; and also were not tested for HIV. Other predisposing factors identified in the study include lack of parental control, prior expec-tation, pressure of outside environment (presence of video houses, chat houses, night clubs) (FHAPCO, May 2011).

Regarding current use of sexual and reproductive health services, studies from Arbaminch University showed only 21.9% of female students have good knowledge about Emergency contraceptives.Similar finding also observed in Haramaya University that only 25.7% of the female respondents had good knowledge about

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emergency contraception. Low level of Emergency Contraceptive utilization also reported from Addis Ababa University, Unity Univer-sity College and Adama University. According to a study in Hawas-sa University (Southern Ethiopia), respondents reported sexual practices that were considerably unprotected, with likelihoods that approximately two-fifths and nearly 10% would be exposed to STIs and to unplanned pregnancies respectively (Damen H, 2011). All these evidences indicate the need for urgent and concerted ac-tions to address risky sexual behaviors among students of higher education institutions, to prevent adverse consequences related to HIV/AIDS, STI as well as unwanted pregnancies.

1.3 The Policy Environment

In response to the impact of the epidemic and SRH problems, the government of Ethiopia demonstrated its commitment to the pre-vention and control of HIV/AIDS and expansions of SRH services. The government formulated HIV/AIDS Policy, developed SPM-II, National Adolescent & Youth Reproductive Health Strategy, Tools for Adolescent and Youth Friendly Reproductive Health (AYFRH) Service Standards in Ethiopia, and Minimum Package for Youth Friendly SRH Services. The Education Sector also developed edu-cation policy and strategy on HIV/AIDS that aims at facilitating and ensuring the prevention, care, support, and treatment services for the individuals and community of the sector at large.

Besides, the Higher Education Institutions’ (HEIs) Partnership Sub-Forum against HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia formulated the HEIs anti-HIV/AIDS Policy Framework and Strategy, the focus of which is to establish/strengthen comprehensive HIV prevention, treatment, care and support programs for the HEIs and their surrounding communities.

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In general, all of these policies and strategies provide the back-ground for education sector activities in the field of HIV/AIDS and SRH. The overall goal is to improve the quality and access to sexual and reproductive health information and services and the well-being of adolescents and youth of HEIs and their surrounding communities.

2. Rationale for the Communication Strategy

Millions of young people in Ethiopia in general and adolescents & youth in Higher Education Institutions in particular are at high risk of infection from HIV and other sexual and reproductive health (SRH) problems. They remained at the center of HIV/AIDS epidemic due to lack of comprehensive knowledge about how to prevent HIV in-fection and limited Sexual and Reproductive Health services. Currently, certain interventions are implemented separately in dif-ferent universities either by the universities or in collaboration with different development partners on various HIV and SRH issues with little continuity or synergy. Available information indicates that health care providers who provide youth friendly sexual and re-productive health services are not trained to respond to the needs of young people. Thus, shortage of youth-friendly health services poses significant challenges to address HIV prevention including SRH issues. Besides, the quality and access to utilization of SRH services is very limited and it needs to be addressed as well.

Though there have been efforts in some HEIs in drafting HIV/AIDS policies, strategies and establishing offices, still there are gaps in harmonizing the interventions, devoting resources to develop and implement programs, conduct research and render services

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for HIV/AIDS and SRH issues in organized and uniform manner. Moreover, there is no standardized and contextualized communi-cation strategy to implement HIV/AIDS prevention and SRH issues which target higher education institutions communities particularly students.

By taking the seriousness of the impact of HIV/AIDS and SRH prob-lems among students of HEIs, the HEIs Partnership Sub-Forum against HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia developed HEIs anti-HIV/AIDS Policy and Strategy Framework to direct HIV/AIDS responses in the HEIs, and to establish and strengthen comprehensive HIV prevention, treatment, care and support programs for the HEIs and their sur-rounding community. Therefore, in order to effectively implement the HEIs policy and strategy framework, there is a need for a com-prehensive strategic communication framework which not only addresses the existing response gaps described above, but also leads to empower students, staff and others to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS and SRH problems.

3. SWOT/SLOT Analysis: HIV/AIDS & SRH interventions in HEIsThe Strength, Weakness/ Limitations, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT/SLOT) of HIV/AIDS & SRH interventions and HIV/AIDS and SRH communication strategies of HEIs were analyzed. The summary of the analysis is presented in the following section.

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Strength• Provision of orientation for

fresh students • Capacity building training for

example life skills training for students

• Presence, establishment and strengthening of various clubs to reach more students

• Production and dissemination of IEC/BCC materials

• Economic support to PLHIV• Presence of gender based

interventions • Active participation of students

and academic staff• Budget allocated for HIV/AIDS

by few universities • Presence of HAPCO offices

and focal persons in universi-ties

• Inhouse resources available (space, facilities, people ...)

• Leadership commitment• Policy, comprehensive plan,

and structure in-place to ad-dress HIV and AIDS issues

• Orientation sessions/programs with edutainment

Weakness / Limitation • Inadequate budget allocation• Conflict of schedule among HIV

intervention programs with academic schedules

• Lack of comprehensive planning • Weak/no mini media service to stu-

dents• Lack of coordination and harmonisa-

tion between partners & HEIs• Inadequate venue and other facilities

for seminars/workshops/trainings• Absence of clear direction to reach

the target audiences• Organizational administrative bottle-

necks• Limited human resource to follow up

interventions undertaken by internal and external actors

• Inadequate leadership commitment • Programs are not well tailored to

staffs• Limited commitment of some private

HEIs to allocate resources• Insufficient capacity building efforts• Inadequate structure to coordinate

interventions • Absence of evidence based inter-

ventions• Inadequate staffing• Absence of partners’ support to

Private HEIs• No clear exit strategy among part-

ners• Weak to address economic prob-

lems of students

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3.1 SWOT/SLOT Analysis:

Communication Strategy on HIV/AIDS and SRH10

Opportunities

• Government supports• Existence of health facilities

around HEIs for students • Presence of training facilities

within the university to be used for various trainings

• Existing national policies and strategies

• Interests of partners to support HIV/AIDS and SRH programs

• Existence of research evidenc-es on HIV/AIDS and SRH

• Funding opportunity• Establishment of HIV/AIDS

partnership Forum• Presence of local FM and or

national media

Weakness / Limitation • Partner supported program aren’t

sustainable • Donor dependency• Involvement of students in transac-

tional sex• Weak enforcement of university

rules & regulations• NGOs acting independently• Stronger counter-productive external

environment (expansion of pubs, pimps and substance related busi-ness houses around the campus)

• Integrating into curriculum implies more credit and more fee

• Length of intervention by partners being short

• Practices by NGOs creating other expectations from students

Communication Strategy on HIV/AIDS and SRH 11

Strength• Motivation of students• Involvement of student clubs

to address gender, HIV/AIDS and SRH issues

• Presence and use of various IEC/ BCC materials

• Existing student clinics though the services not youth friendly

Weakness / Limitations • Absence of formative assessment• Messages delivered through IEC/

BCC print materials not tailored and segmented to the need of students of HEIs

• Lack of fund to produce student friendly materials

• Lack of targeted IEC/BCC materials • Production of IEC/BCC materials in

limited languages• One-way communication approach-

es of IEC/ BCC materials• Limited capacity of HEIs to design

and implement tailored communica-tion strategies and activities

• Conflict between HIV intervention programs with academic schedules

• Limited communication channels • Absence of clear communication

direction showing how to reach the target audiences

• Lack of standardized training cur-ricula

• Absence of contextualized IEC/BCC materials production

Opportunity• Existing national policies and

strategies • Existence of different IEC/

BCC materials and monitoring & evaluation tools

• Existence of technical and financial support from partners

Threat• IEC/BCC interventions being donor

dependent• Resource limitation to implement

IEC/BCC programs and also inte-gration with other core prevention activities

• Production cost for electronic media being high

• Busy academic calendar• Lack of leadership commitment

3.2 SWOT/SLOT Analysis on HIV/AIDS and SRH Communication Strategies in HEIs


4. HIV/AIDS and SRH Problems, Risk Factors and Underlying Causes

4.1 Major HIV/AIDS and SRH Problems

Existing evidences from the studies undertaken in HEIs regarding HIV/AIDS and SRH situation identified unplanned pregnancy, un-safe abortion, HIV/AIDS and STIs among the main HIV/AIDS and SRH problems of students of HEIs.

4.2 Risk Factors

Findings from existing studies showed that the main risk factors that expose students of HEIs to HIV/AIDS and SRH problems in-clude but not limited to:

• Having sex with multiple sexual partners• Unprotected sex• Casual sex• Transactional sex• Trans-generational sex• Substance use and abuse • Inconsistent and incorrect condom use• Coercion and sexual abuse and• Sexual harassment including gender based violence

4.3 Underlying causes

The evidence from existing studies depicts the main underlying factors that expose students of HEIs to HIV/AIDS and SRH prob-lems that include but not limited to:

• Peer pressure• Substance abuse ( Alcohol, Khat and Cannabis, etc)


• Lack of comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS and SRH issues

• Fear of stigma and discrimination due to HIV/AIDS status• Lack of life skills • Lack of student/youth friendly sexual and reproductive

health services• Economic problems• Lack of proper counseling• Influence from the external environment (night clubs, bars,

khat chewing places etc)• Lack and/or absence of condom near or inside university

campus• Lack of self-efficacy to buy and use condom• The presence of gender based violence • Misuse of emergency contraceptives (increase use of EC

as regular contraceptive)• Perceived fear of pregnancy than HIV infection • Low perceived susceptibility

5. Current Strategies to Address HIV/AIDS and SRH in HEIs

Both public and private HEIs, which are working in collaboration with partner organizations, use various communication strategies to reach students with HIV/AIDS and SRH information and ser-vices. These strategies include:

• Edutainment (music, drama, etc.)• Interpersonal communication (peer education )• Organizing and conducting trainings• HEIs community conversation• Youth dialogue • Talk show• Coffee ceremony • Social community mobilization


• Serial cartoon printing • Panel discussion• Organizing campaigns• Social marketing• SMS messaging• Radio program mainly FM • Printed IEC/BCC materials• Hotline• Guidance and counseling

6. The Communication Strategy

6.1 Who will Use this Strategy? This Communication Strategy document is developed for Public and Private Higher Education Institutions to reach mainly students with effective, evidence based, well targeted and comprehensive information and services on HIV/AIDS and SRH issues. The strat-egy document can serve as a guiding document for program pri-oritization, planning, designing, monitoring and evaluation of HIV/AIDS, and SRH behavioural communication activities in HEIs. The communication strategy aims to enable stakeholders to imple-ment a comprehensive, culturally appropriate, and gender respon-sive, Behaviour Change Communication programmes for the pre-vention, control and mitigation of HIV/ AIDS and SRH problems in HEIs.

Although this strategy outlines the broad program need at Higher Education Institutions, each institution shall determine what and how specific programs can be implemented based on the institu-tion’s specific context and need.


6.2 Goal The goal of this Communication Strategy is to contribute towards the effort to reduce the spread and impact of HIV/AIDS and SRH problems among students of HEIs.

6.3 Purpose

The purpose of the Communication Strategy is to guide and en-hance the capacity of HEIs to address HIV/AIDS and SRH issues comprehensively and sustainably.

6.4 Communication Objectives

The communication strategy has set the following major objectives:• To increase HIV/AIDS and SRH care seeking behavior

among students of HEIs• To reduce risky sexual behavior among students of HEIs • To increase consistent condom use among sexually active

students of HEIs.• To reduce substance use among students of HEIs .• To maintain abstinence among students that are not sexu-

ally active• To reduce incidents of unintended pregnancy among sexu-

ally active female students of HEIs• To create enabling environment to address HIV/AIDS and

SRH issues

6.5 Guiding Principles

The following principles should underpin the planning, implemen-tation, monitoring and evaluation of the HEIs HIV/AIDS and SRH communication strategy.


• Results Oriented: The effectiveness of a communication effort should be ultimately determined by health outcomes. The results should be verified by research;

• Evidence Based: Communication planning should be based on evidence and utilize accurate data, theories and models to inform and guide the activities;

• Client/ Student Centred: Every communication mate-rial developed to reach students’ needs to involve them to determine their needs, aspirations and issues;

• Participation: All students despite their disability, age, sex, HIV sero status and academic performance should be involved throughout the communication process including programme design, development, implementation, monitor-ing and evaluation;

• Service Linked: The health promotion efforts should be directed towards promotion of health services to ensure self-efficacy of the target and enhancing empowerment;

• Multi-Channelled: Multiple channels that are complimen-tary should be used with a view to enhancing effectiveness of communication and reaching the target audiences;

• Gender Focused: the communication process including the planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation should be gender sensitive and gender responsive;

• Sustainable: Effective communication programmes at all levels should aspire to be sustainable and resources should be focused and cost effective towards the most ef-fective channels;

• Responsiveness and Dynamic: the communication strat-egy implementation design should take into account the changes occurring among students of HEIs with regard to HIV/AIDS and SRH issues ;

• Commitment and ownership: HEIs should ensure that designing communication strategy for HIV/AIDS and SRH become a prime focus area in planning their interventions area to bring social transformation and mitigate the spear-head of HIV infections and AIDS impacts with a sense of


fostering institutional ownership, commitment at all level of their core business;

6.6 Strategic ApproachesThe communication strategy has the following approaches to achieve its intended objectives:

Evidence Based: Higher Education Institutions should review the available epidemiologic evidence and shall conduct rapid assess-ments to understand and define the behavioural determinants and trends before applying the recommended messages, and chan-nels to their context;

Theories and Models: Given the lack of specific model of be-havioural analysis applicable to HEIs that can be adaptable, this document takes socio-ecological approach in which behaviour is influenced by several environmental factors at multiple social lay-ers in the life cycle of HEIs and changes are needed at multiple level to bring about the desired behavioural outcomes;

Combination Prevention: Successful high impact prevention programs avail combination of biomedical and structural along with behavioural interventions. This communication strategy is de-signed to be part of the national combination prevention services to reach at risk youth. This approach aims to select the optimal mix of interventions that will have the greatest impact on reducing HIV transmission, individuals’ susceptibility and vulnerability to HIV, and ensuring uptake of biomedical services;

Standardized Approach: This document puts a framework of IEC/BCC interventions that can assist to standardize communica-tion strategies and programs at HEIs level. This shall assist the institutions to have standard monitoring and evaluation mecha-nism and allocate resources;


Sustainability: To reverse the epidemiological challenges, pro-grams implemented by all stakeholders should be geared towards establishing systems that are part and parcel of the HEIs. This in-cludes creating a favourable environment, institutional and human capacity, mainstreaming and long-term resource mobilization.


7. Message7.1 Message by objectives and target group

Objec-tive

Target group

Desired outcomes

Communica-tion channel

Key message/concept message

To increase HIV/AIDS and SRH care seeking behavior among students of HEIs.Primary Target Group

1st year female students and Female students in gen-eral

• Practice safe sex

• Seek SRH care services

• Prevent them-selves from HIV/AIDS, STIs and unplanned pregnancy

• Be asser-tive and communi-cative

• Interper-sonal communi-cation (IP) i.e. Peer educa-tion and counseling

• Mass me-dia (MM) (Edutain-ment, leaflets, poster, talk show)

• Know the signs and symptom of STIs

• Get treatment for STIs and inform your partner to get treated

• Hiding your sickness is never a remedy

• Prevent yourself and your partner from HIV/STI

• Get tested for HIV• Sex is only natural, and

safe sex compliment it• Use SRH services• Use contraceptives of

your choice• Use emergency contra-

ceptive Graduat-ing year students

• Seek HIV/AIDS and SRH care services


• IP (Peer education, counsel-ing)

• Mass media (leaflets, talk show)

• Know the signs & symptom of STIs


• Hiding your sickness is never a remedy.

• Prevent yourself from HIV/STI/ unplanned pregnancy

• Get tested for HIV • Sex is only natural, and

safe sex compliments it


Male students with money (students who receive sub-stantial financial support from their families)

• Seek HIV/ AIDS and health care ser-vices


IP (Peer education, counsel-ing)

• Mass media (leaflets, talk show, coffee ceremony)



• Prevent yourself from HIV/SRH problems

• Get HIV test & Use SRH services

• Sex is only natural, and safe sex compliment it

• Hiding your sickness is never a remedy

• Nature requires appro-priate but not elusive outlets

Non café female students

• Seek HIV/AIDS and SRH health care ser-vices



Mass media (leaflets, talk show, coffee cer-emony)


• Know that love is frank and communicative



• Get tested for HIV


Objec-tive

Target group/

Desired /outcome

communica-tion channel

Key message/ concept message

Female students with eco-nomic problems

• Seek HIV/ AIDS, SRH health care ser-vices


• Know the signs and symptoms of STIs

• IP (Peer education counsel-ing,

• Mass me-dia (talk show,

coffee cer-emony)




• Get tested for HIV• Use SRH services• Stay healthy

First year students (both male and female)

• Seek health care ser-vices


• Know signs and symptoms of STIs


Mass media (Edutain-ment, Talk show, coffee cer-emony


• Prevent yourself from HIV/STI/

• Get tested for HIV • Use SRH services

Staff • Use HCT service


• Sensi-tization seminar

• Mass me-dia


• Get tested for HIV• Say no to gender based

violence• Say no to sexual abuse Knowledge cultivates

confidence and deter-mination


Students and other commu-nities liv-ing with HIV


• Adhere to HIV treat-ment

• Counsel-ing

• Talk show

• Use condom and pre-vent infection

• Use drugs consistently• Avoid opportunistic

infections • Say no to unprotected

sex

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Objec-tive

Target group/

Desired /outcome



Sec-ondary target group

Student clinic staff

• Provide students friendly HIV/AIDS and SRH informa-tion and services

• Provide evidence based health commu-nication education

• Training in provision of YFSRH services

• TV/DVD: education-al movies

• IEC/BCC materials (leaflets, charts, brochures etc.),

• Orientation to admin-istration staff

• Provide quality student friendly SRH informa-tion and services

• Education is reflected through quality servic-es.

• Provide proper counsel-ing to each student as per his/ her need

• Do not generalize. Be specific in your ap-proach

• Ensure that all students are able to access SRH information and ser-vices at all times

Health providers of public and private health facilities

• Provide students friendly HIV/AIDS and SRH services

• Work closely with the student clinic of the HEI

• Training in provision of YFSRH services

• Provide quality youth friendly sexual and reproductive health services

• Be ethical and respon-sible

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Universi-ty leader-ship

• Be sup-portive of HIV/AIDS and SRH interven-tions in the HEI

• Revise the regula-tion of the university regarding gender based violence

• Develop appropri-ate policy to address gender based violence in HEI

• Sensi-tization workshops

• Leadership is important to address HIV/AIDS and SRH issues

• Improve the services of the student clinic

• Allocate resource and budget for SRH ser-vices

• Safer environment could not be achieved single-handed

• United action bears fruits

• A HEI at its best is when engaged in life saving and ensuring mode


Objec-tive

Target group/target audience

Desired Response/outcome



To reduce substance use among students of HEIs

Primary target groups

Male students that abuse drugs ( drug us-ers

• Quit use and abuse of drugs

• IP (one to one counsel-ing, group counseling

• Mass me-dia( leaflet, CC..)

• Drug kills• Drugs can expose you

to HIV/AIDS and other SRH problems

• Smart students do not depend on drugs

• You do not need drugs to feel good/ cool

• Say NO to drugs• Confidence is never the

workshop of drugs• Drug is the highway to

hell

Students living with HIV

• Avoid drug use and abuse

• Quit drug use

• Live posi-tively with HIV

• IP (Coun-seling)

• Mass media ( Radio, Leaflets)

• Drug abuse shorten life• You do not need drugs

to feel good/ cool• Smart students do not

depend on chat/ alco-hol/drugs

• Say NO to drug/ alco-hol


Students with money

• Avoid drug use and abuse including alcohol

• Mass media (talk show, radio)

• You can enjoy life with-out alcohol/ drug

• Smart students do not depend on alcohol /drugs


• Money for drug is sui-cide

Students with money

• Avoid drug use and abuse including alcohol

• Mass media (talk show, radio)

• You can enjoy life with-out alcohol/ drug

• Smart students do not depend on alcohol /drugs


• Money for drug is sui-cide

Students ( non-drug users)

• Avoid drug use including alcohol

• Prevent drug use

• Be as-sertive to pres-sure from peers

• Mass media (talk show, coffee ceremony, sport events

• Creating anti-drug art proj-ects for display around the campus

• Drugs kill your future• Say NO to Drugs • Stay free from drugs• Smart students do not

depend on drugs• Drug is an opaque cur-

tain• ‘Khat’ and alcohol de-

prive intelligence• Be a model person


Objec-tive

Target group

Desired outcome



Sec-ondary target groups

Local Adminis-tration

• Strong control on drugs

• Establish coop-eration among stakehold-ers

• Panel discussion

• Seminar/ workshop

• No drug sell in our town• Zero tolerance to drug

use• No alcohol and chat sell

around HEIs

Universi-ty Police/security

Strong con-trol on drug sell in and around HEIs


• Seminar / workshop

• Address drug issue seriously

• Strengthen cooperation with HEIs, local govern-ment bodies and CBOs to address drug issues

• Safer environment could not be achieved single-handed

Staff Support students to avoid drug abuse

• Workshop• Research• Talk show

• Be role model to your students by not using chat/ cigarette/ drugs/ alcohol

• Support students with drug problem

• Encourage students to avoid drug use


HEIs manage-ment

Develop / revise drug policy of the institution

• Seminar• Advocacy

workshop

• Develop /revise drug policy of the HEIs including the manage-ment of drug incidents

• Zero tolerance for drug use

Business owners

Responsible business not linked to drug sell including alcohol


• Seminar

• Be responsible in ad-dressing drug use

• Responsible business men/ women care

Parents • Support their chil-dren

• Regular follow up to their children

• Mass me-dia

( leaflets, panel dis-cussion, radio)

• Help your child to avoid drug

• Discuss with your child regarding the risk of drug use

• Hold discussion which is the road to compre-hension

Health providers

Provide/facilitate professional support to students with drug prob-lem

• Training Provide professional support to students with problem of drug abuse

28


To increase consistent condom use among sexually active students of HEIs

Objec-tive

Target group

Desired out-comes

Communica-tion channel



Female stu-dents

• Practice safe sex and reduce incidence of HIV/AIDS and untimed pregnancy

• Practice consistent condom use

• Practice self -efficacy

• Overcome peer pres-sure

• Mass me-dia (Talk show, coffee ceremony)

• Life skill training

• Smart students say NO to unsafe sex

• Alcohol compromise condom use

• Say No to unsafe sex• Use condom consis-

tently and correctly• Maintain long term and

trusted relationship• Ask yourself to where

every road is taking you• Your destiny is in the

grip of your hand

All Stu-dents

• Practice safe sex and avoid incidence of HIV/AIDS and untimed pregnancy

• Consistent condom use

• Practice self -efficacy


• IP (peer education, counsel-ing)

• Talk show , CC

• Life skills training

• Smart student prevent himself/ herself and his/her partner from HIV/AIDS

• HIV is not a good gift to collect at graduating year

• Say NO to unsafe sex• Use condom consis-

tently • Knowing sero status is

modern way of living


1st year female students

• Practice safe sex and reduce incidence of HIV/AIDS and untimed pregnancy

• Consistent condom use


• Mass media (talk show, coffee ceremony)

• Life skill training

• Use condom consis-tently

• Understand that you cannot buy love with money

• Be aware of sugar daddies

• Act responsibly • Chase your dreams not

money• Alcohol compromises

your decision• Smart students say NO

to unsafe sex

Objec-tive

Target group

Desired outcome



Primary target group

Graduat-ing year students


• Avoid alcohol


• Use money wisely

• Focus on own suc-cess

• Mass media (talk show, coffee ceremony, talk show, CC)

• Have responsibility to protect your partner


• Act responsibly• Smart students say NO

to unsafe sex• Prevent yourself and

your partner from HIV/AIDS

• HIV is not a good gift to collect at graduating year

• Pride and deceit are never in the domain of knowledge

• No wealth weighs a pint of health.

30


Objec-tive

Target group/ target audience




Non café female students

• Practice safe sex and avoid incidence of HIV/AIDS and untimed pregnancy

• Make healthy decision

• Practice consistent condom use

• Practice self -ef-ficacy


• Mass me-dia (Talk show, coffee ceremony)

• Life skills training


• Maintain long term and trusted relationship

• Say No to unsafe sex• Know that you cannot

buy love with money • Be aware of sugar

daddies• Act responsibly • Chase your dreams not

money• Alcohol compromises

your decision• Be yourself

Male students with money


• Avoid alcohol

• Over-come peer pressure

• Wise use of money

• Mass media (talk show, coffee ceremo-ny Talk show, CC)

• You have responsibility to protect your partner

• Use condom consistently• Be responsible to your life• Be able to shoulder re-

sponsibility• Smart students say NO to

unsafe sex• HIV is not a good gift to

collect at graduating year


Objec-tive

Target group/ target audience



Key message/ concept mes-sage

Primary target group

Sexually active students

• Practice safe sex by using condom consis-tently

• Be asser-tive

• Over-come peer pressure

• Mass me-dia (talk show, coffee ceremony

• IP (Peer educa-tion)

• Smart students use condom consistently

• Maintain long term & trusted relationship

• Say NO to unsafe sex• You cannot buy love with

money • Be aware of sugar daddies/

mammies• Act responsibly • Chase your dream not

money• Alcohol compromises your

decision• Smart students say NO to

unsafe sex• As food is with washed

hands, sex is with clear and appropriate mind and behavior

Female students with eco-nomic problems


• Be asser-tive and communi-cative

• Explore options to solve financial problem


• Mass me-dia (Talk show, coffee ceremony

• IP (Peer educa-tion)

• Say No to unsafe sex• Be visionary• Endurance makes you strong• Realize your dream• All glitters are not gold• Challenge creates opportu-

nity/ creativity is born amide challenges and complexity.

• Smart students say No to unsafe sex

• Smart student prevent himself/ herself and his/her partner from HIV/AIDSHIV is not a good gift to collect at graduating year

32


Objec-tive

Target group

Desired outcome




Uni-versity manage-ment and leader-ship

• Avail SRH services in student clinic

• Revise policy of the university/ college to address GBV and current issues

• Seminar• Workshop

• Ensure availability of condom

• Avail SRH services in the student clinic

• Equip student clinics with necessary equip-ment, supplies and human resource

• Address gender based violence

• Say No to sexual ha-rassment in your HEI

• Take swift action to address sexual harass-ment in your HEI

• Allocate resources• Initiate IGA for needy

students • Provide scholarships

for needy students• Exercise leadership

through action

Objec-tive

Target group

Desired outcome




Student clinic staff

• Provide youth friendly SRH ser-vices

• Training • Make condoms avail-able

• Provide student friendly SRH services

• Counsel students for dual protection action

33


Objec-tive

Target group

Desired outcome




Proctors • Provide condom at dormito-ries

• Strictly control of drug use

• Support to address sexual ha-rassment issues

• Training• Coffee

ceremony• Sensi-

tization workshop

• Help students to decide responsibly

• Involve in condom pro-vision

• Report any sexual harassment cases to concerned bodies

• Be responsible

Commer-cial sex workers

• Use condom consis-tently with any client/ sexual partners

• Training• Coffee • ceremony

• Use condom consis-tently even with stu-dents

• Say No to unsafe sex

Parents • Advice their children to practice safe sex

• Help their children overcome peer pres-sure

• Leaflets• Mass me-

dia• SMS mes-

sage

• Discuss sexual and reproductive health issues openly with your children

• Be responsible • Save your child from

SRH problems• Help your child in wise

use of money


Students living with HIV


• Live posi-tively with HIV

• IP (Peer education)

• Sensitiza-tion

• Live positively with HIV• Unsafe sex shortens life• Use condom consis-

tently• Say No to unsafe sex

Pimps,brokers ,business owners

• Support condom use among students

• Promote safe sex

• Be re-sponsible citizen

• Abide by the law of the coun-try

Workshop • Promote safe sex• Build a responsible

business• Avail condom • Make partnership with

initiatives to address HIV /AIDS and SRH issues


Objec-tive

Target group

Desired outcome

commu-nication channel


To reduce incidents of unintended pregnancy among sexually active female students of HEIsPrimary target groups

•Female students

• 1st year female students

• Gradu-ating year female students

• Use con-dom and/or contra-ceptives


• Avoid unplanned pregnancy

• Avoid unsafe abortion

• Negotiate for safe sex

• Peer ed-ucation, counsel-ing

• Orienta-tion ses-sion

• Training

• Use contraceptives/ condoms

• Say NO to unsafe sex• Use emergency con-

traceptives if you had unsafe sex

• Be assertive and say No to unsafe sex

• Students can use con-traceptives

• The decision is in your hands

• Unsafe abortion kills

Sexually active stu-dents

• Use con-dom and /or contra-ceptives


• Avoid unplanned pregnancy

• IP (Peer educa-tion, counsel-ing )

• Training• Mass

media ( leaflet)

• Avoid unplanned preg-nancy

• Say NO to unsafe sex• Use contraceptives

consistently• Use emergency con-

traceptive if you had unsafe sex

• Avoid unsafe abortion• Visit health facilities

if you have worries related to unplanned pregnancy

• Say NO to unsafe abor-tion services



• Stu-dent clinic staff

• Health provid-ers at health facility level/ private clinics

• Provide contra-ceptive option for students

• Provide HIV/AIDS and SRH informa-tion and services to stu-dents

• Training • Work-

shops

• Provide contraceptives including Emergency contraceptives

• Refer students with worries of unplanned pregnancy to health facilities

• Counsel students prop-erly

• Provide students friendly SRH services

Objec-tive

Target group

Desired outcomes

communica-tion channels


Gender office

• Avail support to pregnant students

• Assist stu-dents with pregnancy related problems

• Organize aware-ness creation session for female students

• Expand coun-seling services

Workshop • Make sure that the stu-dents clinic is providing student friendly SRH service

• Facilitate support to pregnant students

• Help students avoid unplanned pregnancy


Male students

Practice safe sex

• Peer edu-cation

• Mass me-dia

• Be responsible to avoid unplanned pregnancy

• Use condom constantly • Ensure your sexual

partner use contracep-tive

• Smart men care• Feel the pain of the

woman/partner

Parents Provide guidance to their children

• Mass me-dia

• Printed materi-als (e.g. leaflets)

• Openly discuss about sex and unplanned pregnancy with your children before they join HEI

• Follow the status of your children

• Provide necessary sup-port to your child who is in HEIs

Objec-tive

Target group




To maintain abstinence among students that are not sexually active in HEIsPri-mary target groups

Students not sexually active

Keep ab-staining


• Talk show• Peer edu-

cation• Mentor-

ship

• Know that it is normal to abstain

• Know that you are a role model

• Abstain till you achieve your goal

• Avoid people who might pressure you to have sex

• Learn to say “No!” emphatically or “No, no, no” repeatedly


Students abstain-ing from sex

Keep absti-nence from sex


• Talk show

• Know that it is normal to abstain from sex

• Abstain from sex till you achieve your goal in life

• Hang out with friends who know about and respect your decisions

• Avoid people who might pressure you

• Learn to say “No!” emphatically or “No, no, no” repeatedly

• Give a reason such as “I’m not ready” or “I’ve decided to wait until I’ve achieved my academic goals”


• Stu-dent clinic staff

• Health provid-ers of public/private clinics

Provide comprehen-sive HIV/AIDS and SRH infor-mation and services

• Training• Sensi-

tization workshop

• Help students maintain abstinence

• Counsel the benefit of abstinence

• Encourage abstinence from sex among non-sexually active students


To create enabling environment to address HIV/AIDS an SRH issues in HEIsObjec-tive

Target groups

Desired Response/outcomes

commu-nication channel



Leader-ship at MOE

• Provide strate-gic guidance to HEIs to address HIV/AIDS and SRH issues effectively & sustainably

• Ensure that student clinics fulfill the criterion of the MOH

• MOE to work closely with MOH to stan-dardize the services of student’s clinic

• Sensi-tization work-shop

• Advo-cacy

• Ensure that HIV/AIDS and SRH is-sues are addressed effectively and sus-tainably in HEIs

• Allocate resources to address HIV/AIDS/SRH

• Standardize the ser-vices of student clinic

• Ensure practicality of policies and strate-gies

• Ensure accountability of HEIs to address HIV/AIDS and SRH issues

• Revise policies and guidelines to address current issues

Lead-ership of the HEIs

• Revise/adopt in-stitutional policy to address HIV/AIDS and SRH issues

• Standardize the services of student clinics

• Run effective and sustainable HIV/AIDS and SRH interven-tions at institu-tional level

• Sensiti-zation/work-shop

• Advo-cacy

• Assess and revise polices of the institu-tion to address HIV/AIDS and SRH is-sues effectively

• Allocate resource to address HIV/AIDS and SRH issues

• Ensure student clinic provided quality and standardize services


Senate of the university/ college

• Ensure exist-ing policies & procedures to address HIV/AIDS & SRH

• Allocate fund-ing to HIV/AIDS & SRH interventions

• Advocacy• Sensitiza-

tion

• Allocate funding to HIV/AIDS & SRH interventions in HEI

Objec-tive

Target group

Desired out-comes

communica-tion chan-nels



Govern-ment offices in the city where the HEI is located

• Establish partnership with HEIs to address HIV/AIDS and SRH issues

• Participate in program review

• Sensi-tization workshop

• Make partnership to address HIV/AIDS and SRH in HEIs

• Stu-dent union lead-ership

• Stu-dent club lead-ership

• Mobilize students to address HIV/AIDS and SRH issues

• Work with the management of the institu-tion to address HIV/AIDS and SRH issues sustainably

• Work-shops

• Talk shows

• Cam-paigns

• Make university management and leadership account-able to address HIV/AIDS & SRH issues


• NGOs/CBOs

Support uni-versity initia-tives to address HIV&AIDS and SRH issues sus-tainably

• Workshop• Training

• Partnership with all stakeholders at HEIs

• Establish compre-hensive programs

• Avoid duplication of effort

• Build on existing interventions

• Private com-pa-nies/ private sector

Enhance partner-ship between HEIs and private sectorEncourage re-sponsible public, private partner-ship

• Meetings• Work-

shops • Training

• Provide job op-portunity for needy female students

• Be a responsible private public part-nership


7.2 Message by Risk factorsIssues to be addressed/Risk factors

Segmented Audience Desired Behavior Communication Channel

Primary target Secondary target

Low risk per-ception

All students academic staffs

• Enhanced risk perception

• Improved risk assessment skill

• Mass media (poster/radio …)

• Small group/peer discussion

Low knowl-edge on HIV/AIDS and SRH issues

All students Administrative staff of HEI

• Increased knowl-edge on HIV/AIDS and RH issues


• Community wide events

Misconcep-tions on emergency contraceptive pill

1. Sexually active stu-dents

2. Students in relation-ships

University community

• Use emergency pills appropriately



• One-on-one counseling

Incorrect and inconsistent condom use

Sexually active students


• Enhance proper condom using skill



• Consistent con-dom use



• Build condom negotiation skill



Multiple sexual part-nership

Students engaged in multiple part-nership


• Have serial monogamous relationship




• Transformed normative en-vironment that discourage MCP

• Community wide events



Issues to be addressed/Risk factors



Unintended pregnancy

1. Sexually active stu-dents

2. Female students


• Prevent unin-tended pregnan-cy

• Increase RH service seeking behavior




Early sexual debut

Sexually inac-tive students

Sexually ac-tive students

• Delay sexual debut

• Secondary absti-nence




Engaging in transactional sex

Female stu-dents engaged in transactional sex

Female stu-dents

• Increased aware-ness about the risks of transac-tional sex

• Reduce the proportion of stu-dents engaged in transactional sex

• Build knowledge and skill on al-ternative means of generating income



Low STI ser-vice seeking

Students living with HIV/AIDS

• Increase ART service users

• Increase adher-ence to ART



Students with symptoms of STI


• Early diagnosis and treatment of STI

• Increased disclo-sure to partner







Lack of life skills

All students • Enhanced skill and efficacy to practice essential life skills


Substance abuse

Students that abuse sub-stance

• Reduce sub-stance abuse

• Quit substance abuse



Students who have not start-ed to abuse substance

• Abstain from substance use/abuse



Low HCT • Untested students

• Students engaged in risky behav-ior


• Increased proportion of students tested for HIV



Unhealthy living style among stu-dents living with HIV and AIDS

Student PL-HIVs

• Positive living among student PLHIV

• Positive with prevention


Peer pressure All students All students • Enhanced skill and efficacy to resist unhealthy peer pressure

• Normative envi-ronment that en-courage healthy behavior







Stigmatizing attitude



• Reduce Stigma-tizing attitude

• Supportive environment for positive living

Mass media (Poster/radio...)

Student PL-HIVs


• Reduced self-stigmatizing attitudes


Sexual vio-lence

Male students University community

• Reduced sexual and other gender based violence

• Increased aware-ness on gender issues



Female stu-dents

University Management

• Enhanced skill and efficacy to protect oneself from violence

• Increased aware-ness on sexual and RH rights



Unavailability of services

• University leadership

• Donors community

• Increased avail-ability of HIV/AIDS and RH services

• Advocacy and sensitization workshops

Unfriendly RH services

HEI service providers

University leadership

• Provision of user friendly services (facility and per-sonnel)

• Training work-shop

• Orientation and sensitization events



• Leadership sup-port and com-mitment to user friendly services (policy, people and procedures)

• Workshop/Advo-cacy





Limited professional capacity


• Enhanced capac-ity to provide quality services

• Training

Limited leadership commitment to HIV/AIDS


Donors com-munity

• Leadership com-mitment

• HIV/AIDS main-streamed

• Advocacy and sensitization workshops

Weak imple-mentation of law on predisposing environmental influences

Local law enforcement agents

Local admin-istration

• Improved and coordinated implementation of laws


• Lobbying by leadership

Weak protec-tion against violence

• Local law enforce-ment agents

• Campus security/police


• Averted miscon-ceptions

• Protected rights of female stu-dents



Objective: To increase HIV/AIDS and SRH care seeking behaviour among students of HEIsOut puts Indicators Indicators

formulaData source

Fre-quency (report-ing)

Responsible party

Awareness creations ses-sions con-ducted

Number of awareness creation ses-sions con-ducted

Stated in numbers

Routine monitor-ing docu-ments

Quarterly HEIHAPCO

Clients who obtained service

Number of cli-ents /students who obtained service in a given time

Number of cli-ents/ students who obtained service/total patient flow


Clinic reports

Quarterly HEI HAPCO

8. Monitoring and Evaluation


Objective: To increase HIV/AIDS and SRH care seeking behaviour among students of HEIsOut puts Indicators Indicators

formulaData source

Fre-quency (report-ing)

Responsible party

Awareness creations ses-sions con-ducted

Number of awareness creation ses-sions con-ducted

Stated in numbers


Quarterly HEIHAPCO

Clients who obtained service

Number of cli-ents /students who obtained service in a given time

Number of cli-ents/ students who obtained service/total patient flow


Clinic reports

Quarterly HEI HAPCO

Objective: To reduce substance use among HEIs communities

Out puts Indicators Indicators formula

Data source Frequen-cy

Respon-sible party

Students counselled against sub-stance use

Number of clients who are counselled against sub-stance use

No of clients counselled/Total no planned

Routine monitoring documents

Quarterly HEIHAPCO

Discus-sions con-ducted with substance distributors on problems of substance use

Number of discussion session con-ducted with substance distributers

Stated in numbers


Student’s clinic report

Quarterly HEI HAPCO

Object: To enhance consistent condom use among sexually active students of HEIs.Condom promotion sessions

Number of condom promotion sessions con-ducted

Stated in numbers or % of planned


Quarterly HEI/Univer-sity HAPCO

Condoms distributed

Number of condoms dis-tributed


• Routine monitor-ing docu-ments

• Student clinic reports


Trainings given

Number of trained person-nel





Object: To reduce incidence of unintended pregnancy among sexually active stu-dents of HEIs.Out puts Indicators Indicators

formulaData source

Frequen-cy

Responsible party

SRH Ses-sions con-ducted

No of SRH Sessions con-ducted


Events record

Quarterly University HAPCO

Materials distributed

No of SRH materials dis-tributed


Events record

Quarterly

Object To maintain abstinence among students that are not sexually active


Data source

Frequen-cy

Responsible party

Trainings given

Number of trained person-nel



Quarterly HEI/University HAPCO

Conducted events on abstinence

Number of sessions conducted/no of students reached on abstinence




BCC materi-als distributed on abstinence

Number of BCC materials distributed





To create enabling environment to address HIV/AIDS and SRH issues


Data source

Frequen-cy

Responsible party

Discussions conducted with stake-holders

Number of discussions conducted with stake holders


Routine monitor-ing docu-ments’

Quarterly University HAPCO &Management

Forum con-ducted

Number of forums con-ducted



Quarterly


Annex: 1Primary and secondary target AudiencesBased on the results of the existing evidences from universities and experience of HEIs the following target groups are identified under each objective area,

Objectives Primary target groups Secondary target groups

1. Increase SRH and HIV/AIDS health care seeking behavior among students of HEIs

• Female students• 1st year female students• Graduating year students• Male students with money• Non café female students• Female students with

economic problems• First year students

• Student clinic staff• University management/

leadership• Health providers of

public and private clinics ( near and around HEIs)

2. Reduce substance use among students of HEI

• Male students that abuse drugs

• Students living with HIV• Students with money• Students

• Local Administration• Police• Business owners• Law enforcement bodies• Parents

3. Increase consistent condom use among sexually active univer-sity students

• Female students• 1st year female students• Graduating year students• Male students with money• Non café female students• Female students with

economic problems • Sexually active students

• University management and leadership

• Student clinic staff• Proctors• Commercial sex workers• Parents

4. Reduce risky sexual behavior among sexu-ally active students of HEIs

• Female students• 1st year female students• Graduating year students• Male students that use

drugs• Students living with HIV• Students with money

• Pimps• Brokers• Commercial sex workers• Business owners• Proctors• Parents

52


Objectives Primary target groups Secondary target groups

5. Reduce incidents of unintended pregnancy among sexually active female students

• Female students• 1st year female students• Graduating year female

students• Sexually active students

• Student clinic staff• Gender office• Health providers at health

facility level/private clinics• Sugar daddies• Male students• Parents

6. To maintain abstinence among students that are not sexually active

• Students that are not sexually active

• Male students• Female students• Students abstaining

from sex• Students in one to one

relationship

• Student clinic staff• Health providers of public

and private clinics ( near and around HEIs)

7. To create enabling environment to address HIV/AIDS and SRH is-sues

• Female students• 1st year female students• Graduating year stu-

dents• Male students with

money• Non café female stu-

dents• Female students with

economic problems • Sexually active students

• University management and leadership

• Student clinic staff• Proctors• Commercial sex workers• Parents

4. Reduce risky sexual be-havior among sexually active students of HEIs

• Leadership at MOE• Leadership of the uni-

versity• Senate members of the

university/ college

• Government offices in the city

• Students union leadership• Student club leadership• NGOs/CBOs

53


References: 1. Alemitu Worku, Emergency Contraceptives Knowledge,

Attitudes and Practices among female college students in Arbaminch, Ethiopia;

2. Central Statistical Agency (CSA, 2007). Ethiopia Population and Housing Census 2007, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Central Statistocal Agency (Ethiopia); http://www.csa.gov.et;

3. Central Statistical Agency and ICF International. Ethiopia De-mographic and Health Survey 2011. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and Calverton, Maryland, USA: Central Statistical Agency and ICF International 2012;

4. Damen H, 2011; Urgent need for Addressing Reproductive Health Related Challenges in Higher Learning Institutions in Ethiopia;

5. Federal HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Office (FHAPCO), September 2011; HIV Prevention Package MARPS and Vulner-able Groups, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;

6. Federal HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Office (FHAPCO), 2010, Strategic Plan II For Intensifying Multi-Sectoral HIV and AIDS Response in Ethiopia 2010/11- 2014/15 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;

7. Patterns of Sexual Risk Behaviors among Undergraduate University Students in Ethiopia: a cross sectional study; Tariku Dingeta, Lemessa Olijira, and Nega Assefa, June 2012, Ethio-pia;

8. Risky Sexual Behaviors and Predisposing Factors Among Ethiopian University Students FHPCO May, 2011 (Unpublished work);

9. Substance use and Sexual Risk Behaviors and Factors Associ-ated with Transmission in Southern Ethiopia; Likawunt Samuel and Mulugeta Tarekegn Angamo, March, 2012;

10. UNAIDS(2004)report

54


Drafting Committee Members of Communication Strategy on HIV/AIDS & SRHS.No. Participant University /Organization Responsibility

1. Philipos Petros

2. Mogeus Menna3. Tigist Girma4. Endeshaw W/Senbet 5. Feyessa Regassa 6. Teshome Admassu 7. Yared Belete 8. Endale Workalemahu 9. Hella Yirga 10. Nardos Menges11. Kassa Mohammed 12.Birhan Mengistu 13.Worknesh Kereta 14.Abiye Alazar 15.Joney Ayele 16.Tegbar Achamyeleh 17.Tsegaye Abebe 18.Hailu Marew 19.Tigest Addis 20.Ergogie Tesfaye 21.Dr. Tariku Tadele 22.Kibrom Teklay 23.Shumey Berhie 24.Kassahun Emiru 25.Lemessa Oljira 26.Anteneh Mekonnen 27.Abulie Takle 28.Gebreyesus Habte 29.Lea W/Giorgis 30.Demelash Chekol 31.Yaregal Geremew

Ethiopian Civil Service UniversityHEIs P/ForumHEIs P/ForumFHAPCOMinistry of Education

Packard FoundationPEPFARCDCPSIPSIUSAIDNASTADIFHP/PathfinderJHU.CCPNEP+SYGECORHAAddis Ababa UniversityAddis Ababa UniversitySt. Mary’s University Col-legeHawassa UniversitySheba University CollegeAdmas University College

Gondar UniversityHaramaya University

Ethiopian Civil Service University Madawalabu UniversityAfrica Beza University CollegeUnity UniversityUnity UniversityBahir Dar University

Secretary of EC of HEIs P/ForumCoordinatorAss/CoordinatorSenior BCC ExpertHIV/AIDS Mainstreaming Senior ExpertProgram AssociateCommunication SpecialistCommunication SpecialistProject CoordinatorCommunication CoordinatorMARPs PMSHIV/STI Prevention AdvisorSenior Advisor AYRHMARCH CoordinatorCommunication OfficerProject CoordinatorIEC/BCC & NetworkSenior Officer

Gender and HIV Office Head

HIV/AIDS P/DirectorHIV/AIDS P/ CoordinatorDirector, Comm. Service /HIV/AIDSHIV/AIDS P/ CoordinatorDirector, HIV/AIDS P/C/ DirectorateHIV/AIDS P/ Coordinator

HIV/AIDS P/ CoordinatorHIV/AIDS P/ Coordinator

HIV CounsellorHIV/AIDS P/ CoordinatorHIV/AIDS P/ Coordinator

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S.No. Participant University /Organization Responsibility

32.Lemma Kassaye 33.Mulusew Gerbaba 34.Eyoel Berhan35.Abebe Zenebe 36.Eskedar Gizat37.Solomon Zeru38.Guta Negewo 39.Fisseha Tadesse40.Solomon Legesse41.Meseret Yenet 42.Enaneye Asmare

Bahir Dar UniversityJimma UniversityMekelle UniversitySt. Mary’s University Col-lege Dira Dawa UniversityMekelle UniversityJimma UniversityHawassa UniversityHawassa UniversityAddis Ababa UniversityGondar University

HIV/AIDS P/CoordinatorPI-HIV/AIDS Project MU HIV/AIDS P/CoordinatorHead, Student Wellness Dev’t & Success ServiceHIV/AIDS P/ CoordinatorStudenStudenStudenStudenStudenStuden

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