Heck yeah! Nutrition Lab on Tuesday! BI 358 Lecture 4 Move ...€¦ · A. Digestion overview +...
Transcript of Heck yeah! Nutrition Lab on Tuesday! BI 358 Lecture 4 Move ...€¦ · A. Digestion overview +...
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Heck yeah! Nutrition Lab on Tuesday!Move more, eat smart, weigh less!BI 358 Lecture 4
I. Announcements Dr. Bovee feedback due < 5 pmtoday. Outline + Quiz 1 update? Quiz Key posted nearlab. NB: Group member feedback. Next T Lab Nutritional Analyses. Record diet ≥ 2 d to analyze w/DietController!
II. Addiction Medicine Follow-up Opioid overdose + Narcanstory/ies! Vaping linked to host of new health risks.
III. Nutritional Physiology Zuti & Golding, Diet vs. Exercise historical research! Estimating food & liquid quantities.
IV. Gastrointestinal Physiology G&H ch 63, 64, 65, 66 + LS2
A. Digestion overview + alimentary tract fig 63-1
B. Gut cross section, histology + plexi fig 63-2
C. Secretions+phases tab 65-1, fig 65-7
D. Hydrolysis: Central theme of digestion ch 66 p 833-42
1. Carbohydrate fig 66-1
2. Fat fig 66-3, fig 66-4
3. Protein fig 66-2
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https://www.sciencenews.org/article/vaping-linked-host-new-health-risks
Vaping Linked to Host of New Health Risks
https://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/article/vaping-
may-threaten-brain-immunity-and-more
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5493817/
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SOURCE: H Cai & C Wang, Redox Biol. 2017 Oct; 13: 402-6.
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4 oz 3 oz
raw cooked
≡
Deck of Cards
≡
≡ 1 oz
1 cor
≡ 1/3 c
≡ ¼ c ≡1.5 oz
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NB: Each group 500 kcal deficit/day, 16 weeks
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Exercise is better than dieting for lowering body fat
& preserving muscles!
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Dietary Composition &
Physical Endurance
eg, Atkins!
~ 1/3 endurance!
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Tedium of Metabolic Lab & Dietary Research
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Discussion/Lab 4: Nutritional Analyses
Record diet for ≥ 2 d!No need to purchase software,
as we have on computers in lab!http://www.dietcontroller.com/
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Digestion Steps
Ingestion1
Mechanical Digestion
2
Chemical Digestion
3
Peristalsis4
Absorption5
Storage6
Defecation7
SOURCE: Dr. Eugene Evonuk, 1989. cf: L Sherwood, 2012 pp 437-8.
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GI-Doughnut Analogy
GI LumenBody
Me
?
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G&H 2011 fig 62-1 p 753
G&H 2016 fig 63-1 p 798
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GI Regulation
1. Local/Intrinsic
2. Nervous
3. Hormonal
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MuscularisExterna
Glands
Lumen
LaminaPropria
LongitudinalMuscle
CircularMuscle
Epithelium
Submucosa
Serosa
H Howard 1990
Meissner’s sensory & secretory plexus!
Myenteric motor plexus!
cf: G&H 2011 fig 62-2, G&H 2016 fig 63-2
LO
CA
L
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Parasympathetic Branch Activates the Gut!
G&H 2011 fig 60-3 p 731
G&H 2016 fig 61-3 p 775
NE
RV
OU
S
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Cholecystokinin Gallbladder contraction + Pancreatic enzymes
↓ Motility GIP↑ Insulin
Gastrin HCl, Pepsinogen by stomach
Secretin HCO3-, H2O
by pancreas↓ Motility GLP-1↑ Insulin
↑ Cl- Guanylin↑ NaCl + H2O in feces
Motilin ↑ Motility
What about feedback for hunger-satiety?
Ghrelin (stomach fundus, pancreas,…)
Leptin (adipocytes)
HO
RM
ON
AL
Suspense –until next time!
G&H 2011 tab 62-1 p 758
G&H 2016 tab 63-1 p 802
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LS2 2006; cf: G&H 2011 fig 62-5,
G&H fig 2016 fig 63-5
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Gut Secretions
1. Mucus into GI Lumen
2. Enzymes into GI Lumen
3. H2O, acids, bases+ into GI Lumen
4. Hormones into Blood
Secretion Release Site
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G&H 2011 tab 64-1 p 775, G&H 2016 tab 65-1 p 819
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Figure 64-7 Phases of gastric secretion & their regulation. G&H 2011 fig 64-
7 p 780, G&H 2016 fig 65-7 p 824.
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Hi gang!!
You need me
for digestion!!Help!
Me too!
+
H2O Enzyme+
Hydrolysis of Energy Nutrients…Central-linking
theme!!
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Polymer to Monomer(Many to One)
Fat
Protein
+
Carbohydrate Glucose
Amino Acids
Fatty Acids
Glycerol
+
…Central-linking theme, again!!
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cf: G&H 2011 pp 789-93, G&H 2016 p 833-7
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Carbohydrates in foods
Sizer & Whitney 2011 p 136
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Carbohydrate Digestion = 10 Energy Nutrient
G&H 2011 fig 65-1 p 790G&H 2016 fig 66-1 p 834
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Why Do Some People Have Trouble Digesting Milk?
Ability to digest milk carbohydrates varies
Lactase
Made by small intestine
Symptoms of intolerance
Gas, diarrhea, pain, nausea?
Milk allergy?
Nutritional consequences
Milk tolerance and strategies
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HIGH FAT FOODS
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Fat Digestion = 20 Energy Nutrient
G&H 2011 fig 65-4 p 792G&H 2016 fig 66-4 p 836
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HIGH PROTEIN (FAT?)
FOODS?
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Where does
enzymatic
digestion of
protein
begin?
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G&H 2011 fig 63-2 p 766G&H 2016 fig 64-2 p 810
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Zymogen = inactive precursor
LS2 2006
G&H 2011
fig 64-4
G&H 2016
fig 65-4
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Protein Digestion = 30 Energy Nutrient
G&H 2011 fig 65-2 p 791
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Absorption!!
What is the major
function of the
small intestine?
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G&H 2011 fig 65-7
G&H 2016 fig 66-7
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G&H 2011 fig 65-6, G&H fig 66-6
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Why is the
pancreas so
unique?
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Enzymes specific for all 3 energynutrients! LS2 2006
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cf: G&H 2011 fig 63-5, G&H fig 64-5
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Questions + Discussion