Heat Pump Research Center For Environmental Energy Engineering
Transcript of Heat Pump Research Center For Environmental Energy Engineering
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Heat Pump Research
Center For Environmental Energy
Engineering
Reinhard Radermacher University of Maryland
Department of Mechanical Engineering
College Park, MD 20742-3035
Email: [email protected] | Tel: 301 405 5286 | www.enme.umd.edu/ceee/
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CEEE Vision
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Enabling Energy Sustainability
Helping Engineers Innovate
Leveraging computing power to free engineers’ creativity and intuition!
Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy
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Spinoff Companies
CEEE Organization
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Board of
Visitors
Integrated
Systems
Optimization
(Software)
Alternative
Cooling
Technologies
&
Applications
Small
Autonomous
Energy
Systems
Advanced HX
& Electronic
Cooling
Sponsors
Research Consortia
Fuel
Works
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CEEE Sponsors
1 Arcelik 12 Gree 23 Mitsubishi Plastics
2 Ballard 13 Guentner 24 Modine
3 Bosch/FHP 14 HTPG 25 Petroleum Institute
4 Daikin + McQuay 15 Honeywell 26 Sanden
5 Danfoss 16 Hydro 27 Sanhua
6 Delphi 17 Ingersoll Rand 28 Sanyo
7 Denso 18 Johnson Controls 29 SAPA
8 DOE/ORNL 19 LG Electronics 30 Shanghai Hitachi
9 DunAn 20 Luvata 31 Sub-Zero
10 Emerson +Liebert 21 Mainstream Eng. 32 Suez
11 GE Appliances 22 Midea 33 Whirlpool
34 Wolverine
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HP Faculty, Students and Staff
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Heat Pump Technologies & Applications Map
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• 260+ Technologies Identified
• Conventional and Alternative Cooling Systems
• Systems Integration
• New Applications for Existing Technology
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Projects
• Vapor Inj. HP System
• VRF Field Tests
• Secondary Loop
System
• Low H-Flux HT
• Solar Cooling and
Solar Decathlon
• Water Retention
• Plate HX Test Facility
• Separate Sensible &
Latent Cooling
• TE-VC Integration
• ACTA Map
• Past Projects
Alternative Cooling Techn. & Appl. Consortium
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Solar Cooling Efficiency
Comparison
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Preferred Collector
Concentrated Photovoltaic/Thermal
Collector:
Two collectors combined into one
Electricity
Hot water
Potential for higher combined
efficiency
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Proposed System
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Experimental Work
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Two Solar Decathlon Entries
UMD
2nd Place 2007
1st Place, 2011
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Watershed 2011
Leafhouse
2007
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Dehumidification Liquid Desiccant (Water)Fall
Architectural feature
CaCl2 Solution
Solar hot water regeneration
Solution storage tank
Split system AC
Now basis for start-up company
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Integrated System Optimization Consortium
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Software Projects
CoilDesigner and Other Heat Exchangers
PHESim
VapCyc, TCM
TransRef, Dymola/Modelica-SimScape
TSIOP (Maximizing Innovation)
DAVi
NGHX, Optimization & Verification
Positive Displacement Compressors/Expanders
Usage Statistics
Long-term ISOC Goals
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Thermodynamic Cycles Model
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VapCyc
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CoilDesigner
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AIR
1
6
12
54
19
20 2
37
1
2
19
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CoilDesigner
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ΦSim UI
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Geo
metr
y In
pu
t F
low
Arr
an
gem
en
t F
luid
In
pu
t
Correlation
Resu
lts
Results
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Dymola/Modelica Coil Frosting Simulation
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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
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How many ways are there to build one refrigerator?
9 Compressors
16 Cabinets
10 Evaporators
10 Condensers
Total Combinations
Compressors 9 9
Cabinets 16 144
Evaporators 10 1440
Condensers 10 14400
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Shading Based on Cabinet Choice
Helping Engineers Innovate
• This is the design space.
• If one builds only one unit, which
one would it happen to be?
• How does one quickly and
effectively explore the design
space?
• And then innovate?
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Methods to Find Best Designs
Exhaustive Search
DOE
Optimization
Gradient based (calculus)
Heuristic (genetic algorithms)
Approximation Assisted Optimization
Online Approximation Assisted Optimization
22 D
ec
rea
sin
g n
um
be
r o
f ru
ns
Incre
asin
g c
om
ple
xit
y o
f co
de
ISOC Staff has Experience and Software for All
of These Cases.
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CoilDesigner
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Infeasible & Pareto Solutions for Condenser Units
Normalized Heat Load0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4
No
rma
lize
d C
ost
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
Pareto Solutions
Infeasible Solutions
Cost Minimization Example:
Condensing Unit
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Minimization of first cost of
condensing unit under
consideration of:
Cost and Performance
Functions for
•Coil,
•Fans,
•Fan Motors and
•Housing
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13 SEER Evaporator Cost Minimization
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Optimization with CFD
Need to minimize computation effort in CFD
prediction for optimizing HX
Analysis &
Optimization
1. DOE
2. Meta-
modeling
3. Validation
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Plate HX CFD Simulation
Lmax=3048mm
Wmax=1219 mm
Pc=10 mm
b =3.25 mm
L=155
mm
W=14 mm
P=10 mm
6.5
mm
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Plate HX Optimization
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Example for Providing Time for Innovation
Engineer has 1 month to come
up with a better A-Coil
Set up code
Air
Air
2D Plane
Symmetry
Plane
Enclosure
Volume
L
W
H
α y
x
z
After 1 month…
Either 29% reduction in material
or
30% reduction in volume
2 days of engineering!
And what do you do for the rest of
the time?
Shading Based on Cabinet Choice Innovation
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Towards a Next Generation of HXs
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Optimization
DOE Meta-
modeling
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Thank You
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CEEE Board of Visitors
Toru Inazuka, Daikin
LinJie Huang, Danfoss-Sanhua
Simon Wang, Emerson Climate Control
Bill Fox, Ingersoll-Rand
Jonathan Wattelet, Modine
Jurgen Pannock, Whirlpool
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Multi-objective Optimization
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feasible domain
temp
power
minimize
min
imiz
e
dominateddesigns
Paretooptima
Non-dominateddesigns
Performance Analyzer
Current population of designs
Elite designs OffspringNext population of designs
Elite designs OffspringNext population of designs
Fitness evaluation
Code designs
Dominateddesigns
Non-dominateddesigns
Dominateddesigns
Non-dominateddesigns
0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0
# of Hx
Air flow rate
Water flow rate
<
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Preliminary Results
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 100 200 300 400 500
Air
Pre
ssu
re D
rop
[P
a]
Heat Exchanger Volume[cm³]
Pareto Optimal 1 kW Heat Exchanger Designs
Microchannels
<
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APPROACH
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TransRef
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Support Refrigerant Selection Decisions
Improve Performance
Not-in-Kind Cooling Systems Integration
Not-in-Kind Applications of Existing Technology
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Long Range Goals
Alternative Cooling Technologies &
Applications Dr. Yunho Hwang, Director
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Helping Engineers Innovate
Simulation and Optimization of Thermal Systems
Verified, Dynamic Simulation Tools (Accounting
for Charge & Lubricant Management, Cost,
Reliability….)
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Long Range Goals
Integrated System Optimization
Consortium
Dr. Vikrant Aute, Director
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13 SEER Evaporator Cost Minimization
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