Heart. Functions of the Heart Ensures unidirectional flow of blood Pumps blood to lungs and body...
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![Page 1: Heart. Functions of the Heart Ensures unidirectional flow of blood Pumps blood to lungs and body Develops blood pressure for nutrient and waste exchange.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062323/5697c02d1a28abf838cd9a21/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Heart
Figure 22.02b
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Heart
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Functions of the Heart
Ensures unidirectional flow of blood
Pumps blood to lungs and body
Develops blood pressure for nutrient and waste exchange
Figure 22.01
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Heart-Anatomical Location and Orientation
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Heart Anatomical Orientation and Location
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Chambers of the Heart
• Atria • (Left and
Right)
• Ventricles (Left and Right)
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Heart Valves
• Atrioventricular (AV) valves – between atria and ventricles
• Semilumar Valves– between ventricles and great arteries
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Valves of the Heart
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Heart Valves
Figure 18.8a
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Atrioventricular Valves (Open)
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Atrioventricular Valves (Closed)
Figure 18.9b
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Semilunar Valves (Open vs Closed)
Figure 18.10a, b
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Pericardium
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Layers of the Heart
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Layers of the Heart
Figure 18.3
EpicardiumMyocardiumEndocardium
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Cardiac Muscle Cells
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Cardiac Muscle Cells
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Blood Flow Through the Heart
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Figure 22.06ab
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Conduction System
• Cardiac muscle tissue has intrinsic ability to:
• Generate and conduct impulses
• Signal these cells to contract rhythmically
• Conducting system
• A series of specialized cardiac muscle cells
• Sinoatrial (SA) node sets the inherent rate of contraction
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Conducting System
Figure 18.12
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Conduction System
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Conduction System and ECGs
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Conduction System of Heart
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Disorders of the Heart
• Coronary artery disease
• Atherosclerosis – fatty deposits
• Angina pectoris – chest pain
• Myocardial infarction – blocked coronary artery
• Silent ischemia – no pain or warning
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Disorders of the Heart
• Heart failure• Progressive weakening of the heart• Cannot meet the body’s demands for
oxygenated blood
• Congestive heart failure – heart enlarges• Pumping efficiency declines
• Cor pulmonale • Enlargement and potential failure of the right
ventricle
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Disorders of Conduction
• Ventricular fibrillation
• Rapid, random firing of electrical impulses in the ventricles
• Atrial fibrillation
• Multiple waves of impulses randomly signal the AV node
• Signals ventricles to contract quickly and irregularly