HEALTH ECONOMICS

The Components of

VS FoodPoor

Choice

Is the act of selecting among alternatives.

Choice is a consequence of scarcity.

- EPH

Components of Health Economics Alternative Choices

- what to produce

- for whom

- how to produce

- how much to produce

Choices and their costs

- Choices has different

corresponding cost.

Effect on the future

- The choices and their cost

will have an effect on the future choices and to the recipient themselves.

Future

Choice

Choice Cost

Needs

Components of Health Economics

THE CONCEPT OF HEALTH

Health Economics

Definition of Health

A broad concept that is derived from the word heal (heal) which means whole.

“state of complete physical, mental, and social well being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”

- World Health Organization

Physical Mental

Social

SexualSpiritual

Emotional

Societal

Environmental

Dimensions of Health

Adapted from Aggleton & Homans (1987) and Ewlec and Simnett (1989)

How is “health” objectively measured?

Health measures

- measures of health status of people.

Health behavior indicators

- measurements of people’s behavior used as a measure of health.

Environmental indicators

- may be applied to physical and social environments

Socio-economic indicators

Determinants of Health

Social and Health

- focused on the link between social class and health

- the five occupational classification derives from the Registrar General’s scale

- the NSO has introduced eight new categories for the census in 2001

Social Class Classifications

1. Higher manegerial and professional

2. Lower managerial and professional

3. Intermediate

4. Small employers and own account workers

5. Lower supervisory, craft and related occupation

6. Semi-routine occupations

7. Routine occupations

8. Never worked and long-term unemployed

Income and Health

- ways in which low income can affect health

PhysiologicalPsychologicalbehavioral

Housing and Health

- housing quality and its lack of availability can damage health

Employment and HealthIt determines income levelIt affects self-esteemThe type of employment may itself directly

affect health

Gender and Health

- refers to the social categorization of people as men or women

Health of Ethnic Minorities

Place of residence and health