Health as Expanding Conscious
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Transcript of Health as Expanding Conscious
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Ms.Cynthia Thomas
120508001
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Oct 10,1933
Bachelors degree
Masters degree Ph.D
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Director of Nursing of the Clinical research
center at the University of Tennessee in Memphis
1971 to 1976- completed her
graduate studies at
New York University. She also worked and taughtwith nursing theorist Martha Rogers.
1977-
Professor in charge of graduate study innursing at Pennsylvania State.
1984- Nurse theorist at the University ofMinnesota.
1996- Retired from teaching.
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Received
Outstanding Alumnus Award from theUniversity of Tennessee College of Nursing in both1975 and 2002
1976 Newman was admitted into the
American
Academy of Nurses 1979 American Journal of Nursing scholar
Newman participated as a member of the nursetheorist task force (1978-1982) with the North
American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) 1984 Received the
Distinguished Alumnus Awardfrom the Division of Nursing at New York University
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1988 Admitted into the hall of fame at the
University Of Mississippi School Of Nursing
1996 Received the
E. Louis Grant Award for
Nursing Excellence from the University of
Minnesota
Published
three books, and
several journal
articles
Theory Development in Nursing (July 1, 1979)
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Health As Expanding Consciousness (1986 and
1994)
Served on several editorial review panels Currently a member of the advisory board of
Advances in Nursing Science
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Ilya Prigogine-Theory of Dissipative Structures
Newman incorporated Prigogines theory as anexplanation for the timing of nursing presence as the
patient fluctuates from one level of organization to ahigher level
Emergence of new order at higher level of organization
Period of disorganization, unpredictability and
uncertainty Normal Predictable Fluctuation
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Normal Predictable
Fluctuation
Period of disorganization,
unpredictability and
uncertainty
Emergence of new order
at higher level of
organization
Time when partnership with
an HEC nurse can be of
great benefit
Figure 1. Pri gogines Theory of D issipative Structur es applied to HEC nursing.
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Arthur Young-Stages of Human Evolution
Discussion of the importance of insight,
pattern recognition, and choice provided theimpetus for the integration of Newmans basic
concepts of movement, space, time, and
consciousness into a dynamic portrayal of
health and life.
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Figure 2. Parallel between Newmans Theory of Expanding Consciousness and
Youngs Stages of Human Evolution.
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Itzhak Bentov-Life as a Process of Expanding
Consciousness.
Consciousness as evolving and being coextensivewith the universe supports Newmans theory of
Health is the process of expanding
consciousness.Newman used Bentovs conceptualization of time
as an index of consciousness to demonstrate
expanding consciousness across life span.
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Richard Moss-Presentation of love as the
highest level of consciousness
Affirming of Newmans views of the nature ofhealth and nursing.
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To see health as the pattern of the whole, one needs tosee disease not as a separate entity but as amanifestation of the evolving pattern of person-environment interaction. The paradigm shift is:
From treatment of symptoms to a search for pattern.
From viewing disease and disruption as negative toviewing them as part of the self-organizing process ofexpanding consciousness.
From viewing the nursing role as addressing theproblems of disease to assisting people to get in touchwith their own pattern of expanding consciousness
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Nursing
the goal of nursing is not to make people well
or to prevent their getting sick, but to assistpeople to utilize the power that is within them
as they evolve toward higher levels of
consciousness
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Nurse Patient
F igure 3. I nteraction pattern of two personsA holographic model of intervention
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client, Patient, person, individual and
human being are used interchagedly.
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Larger whole which contains the consciousness
of the individual.
Newman recognizes that interaction between
person and environment as a key process that
creates unique configuration at each level
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Health
Health is the pattern of the whole, and ...wholeness cannot be gained or lost, in a way that
becoming ill does not diminish wholeness butwholeness takes on a new form. (Newman,1999)
Health is the major concept of Newmans theoryof expanding consciousness.
Health is considered as a fusion of disease andnon-disease creates health
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Health Health is the pattern of whole of a person and
includes disease s a meaningful manifestation
of the pattern of the whole, based on the factthat life is an ongoing process of expanding
manifestation (Newman,1986)
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It is the information that depicts the whole andthe understanding of the meaning of all therelationships at once.
Identifies the wholeness of the personunfolds in time and cannot be predicted
dynamic (in constant movement)
identified across space and time
Pattern is what identifies the person as aparticular person
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Health assessment framework based on 9 patterns ofperson environment interactions that guide a nurse in
making holistic observations consist of followingdimensions:
choosing,
communicating,
exchanging, feeling,
knowing,
moving
perceiving relating
valuing
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Movement-space-time
-Dimensions of merging patterns of
consciousness.
-Represent the person as a center of
consciousness.
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A reflection of consciousness.An individual conveys his or her awareness of
self through the movement involved in
language, posture, and body movement.The rhythm and pattern which are reflected in
movement are an indication of internalorganization of the person and his perception
of the world.
Provides a means of communication beyondthat which language can convey.
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The unbounded three-dimensional expanse inwhich all matter exists
The region that lies beyond the atmosphere, and
all that it containsDistance or interval
Holographic sense: Each moment has an explicateorder and also enfolds all others, meaning thateach moment of our lives contains all others of alltime.
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A measurement of consciousness
perceived duration or subjective time.
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Time and Space
Inextricably linked to each other and has a
complementary relationship. When ones life
space is decreased, as by either physical or
social immobility, ones time is increased.
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These pathological conditions can be considered a
manifestation of the total pattern of the individual.
The pattern of the individual that eventually
manifests itself as pathology is primary and exists
prior to structural or functional changes
Removal of the pathology in itself will not change
the pattern of the individual.
If becoming ill is the only way an individuals
pattern can manifest itself, then that is health for
that person.
Health is the expansion of consciousness.
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Clarity
Semantic clarity is evident in the definitions, descriptions, anddimensions of the concepts of the theory.
Simplicity
The deeper meaning of the theory of health as expendingconsciousness is complex.
The theory as a whole must be understood, nut just theisolated concepts. If an individual wanted to use a positivist
approach, As Newman have advocated in the 1994 edition of her book,
Health as Expanding Consciousness requires a high level ofunderstanding the theory in praxis research.
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Generality
The concepts in Newmans theory are broad in
scope because they all relate to health.
The theory has been applied in several
different cultures and is applicable across the
spectrum of nursing care situations.
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Empirical Precision
In the early stages of development, aspects of
the theory were operationalized and tested
within a traditional scientific method.
However, quantitative methods are
inadequate in capturing the dynamic,
changing nature of this theory.
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Derivable Consequences
The focus of Newmans theory provides an
evolving guide for all health-related disciplines.
To understand the phenomenon health, this
unique view of health challenges nurses to make
a difference in nursing practice by the application
of this theory.
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1. Tomey, A. M. & Alligood., M. R., (2006). Nursing Theorists and Their
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o ey, & good , , ( 006) u s g eo s s a d e
Work. 6th edition. Mosby Inc.
2. George, Julia B. (1995) Nursing Theories - the base for professional
nursing practice. Norwalk, Connecticut. Appleton & Lange
3. Weingourt, Rita(1998) Using Margaret A. Newman's theory of health
with elderly nursing home residents. Perspectives in PsychiatricCare.
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3804/is_199807/ai_n8795466
4. http://books.google.com.ph/books?id=pe4wvuhT01UC&dq=margaret
+newman+nursing&printsec=frontcover&source=in&hl=en&ei=sbxNS
r2vDobq7APCm9yBBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=12
5. Picard, C and Jones, Dorothy (2004). Giving Voice to What We
Know: Margaret Newmans Theory of Health as Expanding
Consciousness in Nursing Practice, Research, and Education, Jones
and Bartlett Publishing.
6. http/www.healthasexpandingconsciousness.org/Downloads/HECPre
sentation.pdf
1. www.scrbd.com/doc/5611804/Models -and- Theories-of-Nursing/ / /
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2. www.scrbd.com/doc/10899031/nursing-Theory
3. http://library.utmem.edu/exhibits/newman/
4. http://escholarship.bc.edu/dissertations/AAI3008589
5. http://wps.prenhall.com/chet_george_nurstheory_5/0,2535,88787,00.htm
6. http://www.healthasexpandingconsciousness.org/home/
7. http://www.enursescribe.com/nurse_theorists.htm
8. Jones, D. A. (2006). Newmans health as expanding consciousness *Electronic version+. NursingScience Quarterly, 19(4), 330-332.
9. Moch, S. D. (1998). Health within illness: concept development through research and practice[Electronic version]. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 28(2), 305-310.
10. Neill, J. (2002). Transcendence and transformation in the life patterns of women living withrheumatoid arthritis [Electronic version]. Advances in Nursing Science, 24(4), 27-47.
11. Newman, M. A. (2010). Overview. In Health as expanding consciousness. Retrieved March 22,2010, fromhttp://healthasexpandingconsciousness.org/home/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5&Itemid=6
12. Newman, M. A. (2003). A world of no boundaries [Electronic version]. Advances in NursingScience, 26(4), 240-245.
13. Newman. M. A. (2002). The pattern that connects [Electronic version]. Advances in NursingScience, 24(3), 1-7.
14. Pharris, M. D. (2005). Margaret A. Newmans theory of health as expanding consciousness andits applications. In M. E. Parker (Ed.), Nursing theories and nursing practice (2nd ed.). (pp. 217-
233). Philadelphia: F. A. Davis.15. Pharris, M. D. (2002). Coming to know ourselves as a community through a nursing
partnership with adolescents convicted of murder [Electronic version]. Advances in NursingScience, 24(3), 21-42.
16. Pharris, M. D. and Endo, E. (2007). Flying free: the evolving nature of nursing practice guidedby the theory of health as expanding consciousness [Electronic version].Nursing ScienceQuarterly, 20(2), 136-140.
17. Yamashita, M. (1999). Newmans theory of health applied in family caregiving in Canada
[Electronic version] Nursing Science Quarterly 12(73) 73 79