1. TESOL 2009 DEBORAH HEALEY [email_address] http://www.deborahhealey.com/ The Beginnings from Vision to Reality and Beyond A teacher trainers perspective

2. Different perspectives

CALL teacher training since 1984

• Teacher, administrator, techie and tech coordinator, doctoral student

TESOL, ELI, Yemen, elsewhere in the world

Distance education to Iraq

3. Diffusion of innovations http://riccistreet.net/port80/charthouse/present/diffusion.htm 4. 1984 TESOL Summer Meeting: Computer Concepts for ESL Students

Programming in BASIC

• Real reality

• Task-based learning

• Western writing

• Using Vic-20s

5.

1. A foreign student may enter the university if he or she meets any of the following criteria:

• The student has a TOEFL over 550.

• The student has a TOEFL over 500 and wants to be an undergraduate.

• The student has a TOEFL of at least 450, wants to be an undergraduate, and has completed 15 hours with a B average.

Write a program that will check whether a person may enter the university. The program should print out

YOU MAY ENTER THE UNIVERSITYor

YOU MAY NOT ENTER THE UNIVERSITY THIS TERM

2. Modify the program above. Have the program print out the persons name, then whether he/she may or may not enter the university, then say why TOEFL is too low, or not enough credits, or grades are too low.

Watch out for the GOTO statements on this one! You will need a lot of them.

6. 1984 NAFSA Region I

Beyond Programmed Learning: What else to do with computers in the classroom

• Applications

• Simulations

• Games

• CP/M, AppleDOS

7. CAMEL 8. Yemen 1985-1988

Student enthusiasm

Teachers

• Grammar Mastery

• Word-processing MacWrite, Bank Street Writer

9. 1987 TESOL Workshop for Newcomers to CALL

With Claire Bradin, Ellen Smith in 1987; others later

10. The things we thought teachers needed to know 11. 12. 13. 14. 1989 TESOL Introduction to CALL

The first thought teachers had was about teaching grammar with computers, then maybe vocabulary

Word-processing (Bank Street Writer)

Quest (simulation)

Decision Maker (discussion tool)

Crossword Creator (teacher tool)

15. 1996 TESOL PCI on the Internet

Email using Pine a command-line interface

Mailing lists TESL-L

Netscape for news and browsing

Slower speed: Gopher and Lynx

Ron Corio, Jim Duber, Tom Robb, Tim Rushing, Maggie Sokolik

16. 1998-2003 Oregon K-12 schools

Around 2001 - Elementary school, Oregon coast

• Apple IIes, little software, no training

ESL students the least well served by technology in K-12 schools

Constraints

• Concerns about Internet safety

• Need to teach to the test

WebQuests as a good solution

17. 2007 TESOL Newcomers Orientation to CALL

http://www.deborahhealey.com/tesol2008/newcomers.html

Needs assessment

Teacher resources Internet and software

Social web

Lab one-computer classroom individual use

Susanne McLaughlin and Deborah Healey

18. Oregon-Iraq Distance Education Project

Reminder of enormous disparities

Power outages; Internet outages; lack of repair facilities; lack of resources for classrooms for most

Decades of neglect

Project-based learning, one-computer classroom were new concepts for many

http://aei.uoregon.edu/de/iraqelt/

19. Roles of Computers and Teachers 20. Roles of Computers and Teachers 21. Typologies help us understand

Robert Taylor tutor, tool, tutee for CAI (1980)

John Higgins magister and pedagogue (1987 and earlier) for CALL programs

Macey Taylor & Laura Perez knower of the right answer, workhorse, stimulus (1989)

Mark Warschauer behavioristic, communicative, integrative CALL (1996+)

Stephen Bax restricted, open (now), integrative (normalized in the future) CALL (2003)

22. ICT4LT Module 1.4: Introduction to CALL

Graham Davies: While presentation features such as full-colour graphics, sound and video have improved in leaps and bounds there has been an increasing tendency to neglect features such as discrete error analysis, feedback and branching. The trend today seems to be towards a point-and-click-let's-move-on-quick approach

23. Overview of 25 Years

Constant movement from innovators

=> early adopters

=> early majority

=> late majority

• Email, word-processing, and the web

• =>Web 2.0+

• =>ubiquitous computing

24. Constants over 25 years

Teachers want whats best for their students

Teachers have constraints

• Time to learn

• Safe space to practice

• Resources

• • Training, access to appropriate material, equipment, learning space, support

• Systematic barriers

• • mandated syllabi, testing, no noise

25. Its a cycle

ignorance toboggans into know

and trudges up to ignorance again

(ee cummings, One Times One, 1944:39)