HeadNeck II Pharynx

7/25/2019 HeadNeck II Pharynx

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HEAD/NECK II: Throat/ Pharynx

Overview: Sagittal view of

nose/mouth/throat

Nasal Cavity and BreathingMouth and Chewing

Throat and Swallowing

Larynx and Singing


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Sagittal Section Head Cranial cavity

Brain/Spinal cord Vertebral bodies

Epaxial muscles

Hard/soft palate

Oral cavity

Esophagus

Trachea

Epiglottis

Naso-

Oro- Laringo-

pharynx


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Nose/Nasal Cavity and Breathing

Function:

Inlet for air to lung

Warm/filter air(mucous membranes onethmoidconchae)

Smell

(nerve endings on nasalmembranes)

M&M, Fig. 21.


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Conchae of Ethmod Bone

Scroll-like bones

Covered in mucous membrane for

Smell

Filter air

Warm air

M&M, Fig. 7.10


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Sinuses All connected to nasal

cavity

All lined with mucousmembranes

Cold/allergiesfillwith mucous=sinus

headache

Maxillary

Ethmoid

Frontal

Sphenoid

M&M, Fig. 7.11


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Mouth/Oral Cavity and Chewing

COMPONENTS

Lips

Cheeks

Palate

Jaws and teeth

Salivary glands

FUNCTIONBite and chew food

Form words

TasteKiss

Vestibulein front of teeth

Oral cavity properbehind teeth

Lined by thickstratified squamous

epithelium (almostno keratin)


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LipsFUNCTION

Close mouth

Keep food in

Make speech soundsTactile

STRUCTURE

Core of sphinchter-shape skeletalmuscle (orbicularis oris)

Red margin transition fromkeratinized skin to oral mucosa

Red because clear color letsunderlying vessels show through

No sweat or sebaceous glands, thus

needs to be wet (or lip balm)

M&M, Fig. 11.


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CheeksFUNCTION

Form side of moth

STRUCTURE

Buccinator muscleinstrumental inswallowing, connects

back to pharyngealconstrictors

M&M, Fig. 11.


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Palate

Hard palate anteriorMaxilla

Palatine

Soft palate is posteriorextension, soft tissue

Palatoglossal arch

(palate to tongue)

Palatopharyngeal arch

(palate to pharynx)Tonsils between arches

Uvula???

M&M, Fig. 22.


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Jaws

FUNCTION

Hold teeth

Occlude in chewing

STRUCTURE

Upper jawmaxillary bone

Lower jaw--mandible

M&M, Fig. 7.3


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TeethDeciduous teethmilk or

baby teeth

Emerge 6 mos. 2 yrs.

Replaced by permanent

teeth 6-12 yrs.

Wisdom teeth (3rdmolar)

erupts 17-25 yrs or remains

in jaw

Key to healthy

teeth and gums:FlossingVisiting dentistregularly e!ery 6mos." and starting

at young age 3#$


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Structure of individual toothits alive!!


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Jaw musclesMasseter, temporaliselevate mandible (closejaw)

Medial pterygoidlateral(side-to-side) chewing

Lateral pterygoidtranslatesmandible anteriorly (part ofopening)

Digastric (not shown)depresses mandible (opensjaw)

Chewing is circular motion

M&M, Fig. 11.7


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Tongue

FUNCTION

Position food betweenteeth

Form words in speech

STRUCTURE

Intrinsic muscles(allow for shapechange with fibers invarious directions)

Extrinsic musclesattach tongue toskeletonGenioglossus

hyoglossus

M&M, Fig. 22.7


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Salivary glandsIntrinsicall over

mucous membranes

of tongue, palate, lips,

lining of cheek

Extrinsicsecrete

more saliva when

eating (or anticipating)

Parotid

Submandibularsublingual

M&M, Fig. 22.10


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Saliva

Moistens mouth

Dissolves food to be tasted

Wets and binds food

Contains amylase to start starch digestion

(saltine to sugar experiment)Contains bicarbonate to neutralize cavity-causing acids produced by bacteria

Contains anti-bacterial and anti-viral enzymes

and cyanide-like compound to kill harmfulmicro-organisms

Contains proteins that stimulate growth ofbeneficial bacteria in the mouth


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Throat/Pharynx and Swallowing

Back of mouth to larynx

Food and air mix and cross

When it goes wrongchoking!!

FoodPHARYNX

Air

Trac

hea

Esop

hagus

STRUCTURES

Entrypharyngeal arches

Exitglottis (epiglottis is lid)

Pharyngeal constrictorssqueeze food through


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Pharynx and Swallowing

Fo%us on mus%les and arrangement omouth %a!ity, 'haryn(, laryn(, e'iglottis,

tra%hea)haryn(*+alloinin detail--
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Descent of the larynx


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Larynx and Singing

FUNCTION

Channel air out of trachea

Vibrate to produce sound forspeech/song

STRUCTURES

External skeleton or frame (cartilage)

Internal vocal cords and associatedmuscles


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Skeleton of larynx

Cricothyroid ligament is usual site of emergency

tracheotomy (feel on selfSURFACE ANATOMY)

M&M, Fig. 21.


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Vocal cords

M&M, Fig. 21.6


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COMING SOON!!

Head/Neck III: Special Senses

Head/Neck IV: Cranial Nerves

HeadNeck II Pharynx

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