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calcitonin Miacalcin polypeptide hormone 200 IU ml spray

northindrone/ethinyl Ortho-Novum oral contraceptive multiple tabestradiol

felodipine Plendil calcium channel blocker 2.5, 5, 10 mg tab

promethazine/codeine Pherergan/Codeine racemic 25, 50 mcg ml injection

nitroglycerin Nitroquick vasodilator 5 mg ml injection

spironolactone Aldactone aldosterone antagonist 25, 50, 100 mg tab

terazosin Hytrin adrenoceptor blocker 1 mg cap

finasteride Proscar steroid inhibitor 5 mg tab

irbesartan/HCTZ Avalide angiotensin receptor tabantagonist/diuretic

desogestrel/ethinyl Kariva oral contraceptive multiple tab

estradiol Ortho-Cept-12 oral contraceptive multiple tab

& 28norgestrel/ethinyl Low-Ogestrel oral contraceptive multiple tabestradiol

tobramycin/ Tobradex optical antibiotic/steroid 0.3 mg ml, 0.3 mg g suspension,dexamethasone ointment

mirtazapine Remeron tetracycline antibiotic 15, 30 mg tab

oxycodone/ Roxicet analgesic, antipyretic capacetaminophen

oxycodone/ Percocet analgesic, antipyretic capacetaminophen

ipratropium Atrovent anticholinergic 0.2% inhalant

bronchodilatorpropranolol Inderal beta-adrenergic blocker 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 mg tab

nifedipine Nifediac CC calcium channel blocker 30, 60, 90 mg tab

desogestrel/ethinyl Apri oral contraceptive multiple tabestradiol

5005

mg

5005

mg

>>

30012.5

15012.5 ,

>

>

>

118 Chapter Six Top 200 Drugs

TABLE 6-1 Top 200 Drugs (continued)

Generic Name Trade Name Class and Use Strength and Form

Drug OriginsDrugs are derived from five sources: plants, animals, minerals, synthesis, andbioengineering.

PLANTS

Our ancestors long ago discovered that the roots, leaves, and seeds of certainplants had the ability to cure illness, ease pain, and affect the mind. Todaymany drugs are still made from plant parts. A few examples are opium, bel-ladonna, vitamin C, and digitalis.

ISBN:0-536-08854-3

The Pharmacy Technician Series: Fundamentals of Pharmacy Practice, by Mike Johnston.Published by Prentice Hall. Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

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Chapter Six Top 200 Drugs 119

ANIMALS

Drugs of animal origin are prepared by extracting natural substances, such ashormones, from animal tissue and organs. Insulin, for example, is extractedfrom the pancreas of cattle and pigs. Heparin, which is used to reduce the for-mation of blood clots, is taken from the intestinal linings of cattle and pigs.

MINERALS

Iron, iodine, calcium, and sodium chloride (salt) are examples of mineralsused in drug therapy. They come from rocks and crystals found in nature.

SYNTHESIS

Many drugs are made in a laboratory through chemical processes. An exampleis omeprazole (Prilosec), a drug used to treat GERD and other acid-relatedconditions.

BIOENGINEERING

Biogenetic engineering methods involve patching together DNA material fromdifferent organisms in order to produce drugs and drug products. Examples arevaccines and HGH (human growth hormone).

Drug UsesThe study of drugs will give you an understanding of drug therapy. This willbe helpful as you function as a pharmacy technician in a pharmacy practice

setting. Drugs are used in both healthy and sick individuals. The four mostcommon uses of drugs are disease prevention, treatment, diagnosis, andcure. Two additional uses are contraceptives and maintenance.

Disease prevention involves the administration of drugs, such as vac-cines, that inoculate the body against disease germs. Health maintenance isclosely related to disease prevention. Drugs such as vitamins and insulin aregiven to help keep the body healthy and strong or to keep the body systemsfunctioning normally.

Treating disease means relieving the symptoms while the bodys naturaldisease-fighting mechanisms do their work. Aspirin and antihistamines areexamples of drugs used to treat disease symptoms. Curing disease generallymeans eliminating disease-causing germs. Antibiotics such as penicillin are

used to help cure disease.Diagnostic drugs are prescribed to enable physicians to determine whether

disease is present. For example, radiopaque dye, a dye that shows up on fluoro-scope or x-rays, is administered to detect gall bladder and thyroid malfunctions.

Contraceptive drugs are used in the prevention of pregnancy. They workby controlling fertility. Drugs often have more than one use; some drugs havethe ability to prevent, cure, or treat disease.

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Chemical Name

Figure 6-1 The chemical

name of a drug (Courtesy

of GlaxoSmithKline)

Drug NamesAll drugs have more than one name, in fact, most have at least four: a chemicalname, a generic name, an official name, and one or more trade names.

CHEMICAL NAMEThis name describes the chemical structure of the drug. It usually is verylong and complicated (Figure 6-1).

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Generic Name

Figure 6-2 The generic

name for a drug (Courtesy

of GlaxoSmithKline)

GENERIC NAME

This is the name given to a drug by the manufacturer (with input from vari-ous regulatory agencies) before the drug becomes officially recognized. Itgives some information about the chemical makeup of the drug, but not asmuch as its chemical name (Figure 6-2). The generic name is established by

the United States Adopted Names (USAN) Council. Generic is also a termused for the non-brand-name drug.

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Official Name

Figure 6-3 The official

name for a drug is often

the same as the generic

name (Courtesy of

GlaxoSmithKline)

OFFICIAL NAME

This is the name under which the drug is listed in the USP/NF (United StatesPharmacopeia/National Formulary). It is usually, but not always, the same asthe generic name (Figure 6-3).

TRADE NAME

Also known as the brand or proprietary name, the trade name is the nameunder which a drug is sold by a specific manufacturer (Figure 6-4). Thename is owned by the drug company, and no other company may use it.A drug manufactured by several companies may be known by several differ-ent trade names. Keep in mind, however, that although a drug may have sev-eral trade names, it can only have one generic name.

As a phar-

macy techni-

cian, you will

need to be familiar with

the trade name of each

drug and the generic

names for those commer-

cially available. Dont

worrywith time, this

will become firsthand

knowledge. Until then,

you can use a pocket,

brandgeneric reference

guide.

WORKPLACE

WISDOM

WW

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Trade Name

Figure 6-4 The trade

name of a drug (Courtesy

of GlaxoSmithKline)

CONCLUSIONA solid understanding and knowledge of the Top 200 drugs is not only nec-essary for the certification exam, it is paramount to being a quality pharmacytechnician. If you have difficulty learning this information, make a set offlash cards. Then review, review, and review.

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CHAPTER REVIEW QUESTIONS

CHAPTER

6

1.Which of the following drugs originates froman animal?

a. Prilosec c. heparin

b. belladonna d. iron

2. The official name of a drug is provided by:

a. USP c. the manufacturer

b. USAN d. the FDA

3.Which of the following drugs originates froma plant?

a. Prilosec c. heparin

b. belladonna d. iron

4. The generic name of a drug is provided by:

a. USP c. the manufacturer

b. USAN d. the FDA

5. Drugs are used to:

a. cure c. diagnose

b. treat d. all of the above

MATCHING

6. promethazine _______

7. alprazolam _______

8. atenolol _______

9. furosemide_______

10. hydrocodone w/APAP _______

a. Xanax

b. Vicodin

c. Phenergan

d. Lasix

e. Tenormin

ISBN:0-536-08854-3


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