Human-Computer Interaction

Lecture 1 Dr. Christian Sandor 9 December 2014

Why is Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) Important?

• Protagoras (490 BC - 420 BC) “Man is the measure of all things”

!

!

• HCI: Crucial for success

• Mobile devices: Apple vs Microsoft

• Search: Google vs Yahoo

• Shopping: Amazon

Goals of this Class• Introduction to HCI

• Teaching you the Socratic Method => Essential for Research

Socrates (470 BC - 399 BC)

Class Introduction

• Format & Rules!

• Summaries of Papers

• Assignment of Papers to Students

Basic Idea• We will discuss 12 papers in this class (download from course

homepage)

• All students are supposed to read all papers

• Every week, 2 papers are presented by students (40 min for each paper)

• 10 min: summary of paper (25% of grade)

• 30 min: discussion (75% of grade)

• 20 min: presentation of your opinion

• 10 min: Q&A with the whole class, led by paper presenters

Timetable• 9 December: Course Intro

• 16 December: Presentation of 2 Papers (by myself)

• 13 January: Conceptual Frameworks

• 20 January: Input Devices

• 27 January: Output Devices

• 3 February: Information Visualization

• 10 February: Virtual Reality

• 17 February: Augmented Reality

How to Summarize Papers?

• Movies > Images > Text

• 10 minutes are very short => you must practice!

• Big picture more important than details

• You will see several short examples later!

How to Present your Opinion?

• Many ways are possible!

• General impression (e.g. errors, misspellings, bad layout, etc.)

• Very useful: Ben Bederson’s (BB’s) list of questions for judging papers

• You will see several short examples later!

BB’s Questions (1/2)• What is the problem (specifically what tasks does it

solve)?

• What assumptions are made?

• Who are the intended users of the research?

• Have those users been involved in the design or evaluation of the work (i.e., is the solution usable?)

• Is the solution scalable (how much data does it work with)?

BB’s Questions (2/2)• Is the solution generalizable (does the solution work in

other domains)?

• What is your favorite one line/sentence in the paper?

• What is wrong with the paper?

• What does the reference list show about the biases of the authors?

• What would have been a better and more descriptive title for the paper?

Class Introduction

• Format & Rules

• Summaries of Papers!

• Assignment of Papers to Students

As We May Think (Bush 1945)

• Bold predictions of a leading US scientist:

• Hypertext/Internet

• Wearable Computing

• Speech Recognition

• One of the most influential articles ever written

Direct Manipulation:A Step Beyond Programming Languages

(Shneiderman 1983)• Intellectual foundation for WIMP

• Windows

• Icons

• Menus

• Pointer

• Highly influential paradigm

• PCs: still in use

• Phones/tablets: adapted

Video Browsing by Direct Manipulation (Dragicevic 2007)

A Semantic Analysis of the Design Space of Input Devices (Mackinlay 1990)

• Generic classification of input devices

• Classification still applicable to any input device!

• Essential conceptual tool for thinking about input

A Head-Mounted Three Dimensional Display

(Sutherland 1968)• Heroic Work! First HMD!

• He developed/invented

• Optics of device

• Graphics card

• Head tracker

• Still very influential paper

• AR, VR

• Haptics

Reflex HMD to Compensate Lag and Correction of Derivative Deformation

(Kijima 2002)

• 34 years later…

• Simple & important question: how to remove latency in HMDs?

• Key idea: fast & slow loop

• Oculus Rift also uses it!

Interactive Information Visualization of a Million Items

(Fekete 2002)

• Very clear problem: how to interactively explore 106 items

• Approach: extend Treemap visualization (Johnson, 1991)

• Concepts useful for any massive visualization

Halo: a Technique for Visualizing Off-Screen Locations (Baudisch 2003)

• Crucial problem for any small screen (growing importance!)

• Key idea

• Circle segments

• Human capability of closure finding

• Very instructive and useful technique

Surround-Screen Projection-Based Virtual Reality: The Design and Implementation of the CAVE

(Cruz-Neira 1993)• Design and implementation of

the CAVE

• Immersive environment

• Projection on the sides of a room-sized cube

• Several hundred CAVEs are installed worldwide

• Name: refers to Plato’s republic (Socrates’s student, see slide 3)

• My view: HMDs are better

Does a Gradual Transition to the Virtual World increase Presence?

(Steinicke 2009)

• Problem: transitioning from real to virtual world can be stressful

• Cyber sickness

• Potentially stressful virtual world

• Simple and good idea: Gradual transition to help users adapt

View Management for Virtual and Augmented Reality (Bell 2001)

• How to place labels in 3D environments?

• Key issues: visibility and clarity

• Very general problem => huge applicability!

• I saw this as a live demo in 2001

• Deeply impressed

• Visiting Columbia University for 7 months in 2004

An Annotated Situation-Awareness Aid for Augmented Reality (Bell 2002)

• How to inform user’s of things in their environment?

• Approach:

• Transition: Virtual - Real

• World-in-Miniature (WIM)

• Labels: environment & WIM

• Extension of the previous paper

Class Introduction

• Format & Rules

• Summaries of Papers

• Assignment of Papers to Students

Workflow

1. Please form 12 teams

2. Write on a piece of paper:

1. team name

2. top-3 choice of papers

3. Give your papers to me

Papers - Teams1. As We May Think -

2. Direct Manipulation: A Step Beyond Programming Languages -

3. Video Browsing by Direct Manipulation -

4. A Semantic Analysis of Design Space of Input Devices -

5. A Head-Mounted Three Dimensional Display -

6. Reflex HMD to Compensate Lag and Correction of Derivative Deformation -

7. Interactive Information Visualization of a Million Items -

8. Halo: a Technique for Visualizing Off-Screen Locations -

9. Surround-Screen Projection-Based Virtual Reality: The Design and Implementation of the CAVE -

10. Does a Gradual Transition to the Virtual World increase Presence? -

11. View Management for Virtual and Augmented Reality -

12. An Annotated Situation-Awareness Aid for Augmented Reality