Hazard (2)

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION

WELCOME TO OUR PRESENTATION

ID NO: Name

2015-2-2-001 Maksudur Rahman

2015-2-2-002 Shamsuzzaman Sheikh

2015-2-2-003 Israt Jahan

Group-06Department of Fabric Manufacturing Engineering

WHAT IS A HAZARD?

Something with the potential to cause harm, injury or illness.Hazards are dangerous situations or conditions that can lead to accidents. The more the hazards present, the greater the chance that there will be accidents. Most hazards are from the direct release of some form of energy (i.e., mechanical, electrical, thermal, etc.). The control of hazardous energy sources is the main avenue for prevention of incidents that could result in injury, illnesses, or death.Unless safety procedures are followed, a direct relationship will exist between the number of hazards in the workplace and the number of accidents that will occur there.

WHAT IS AN INDUSTRIAL HAZARD??

An industrial hazard is an unplanned & uncontrolled event which causes or is likely to cause an injury”.It is some thing which un-

expected , un-predictable or intended or not desired.

An accidents may cause a result of some unsafe activity, act, working condition etc ,…..

EXAMPLES OF HAZARDS INCLUDE• MANUAL HANDLING-OBJECTS/PEOPLE

• PHYSICAL HAZARDS-WET SLIPPERY FLOORS, STEPS

• WORK PRACTICES- REPETITIVE TASKS

• WORKPLACE DESIGN , CLUTTERED ROOMS, DOORWAYS TO NARROW

• CHEMICAL HAZARDS- CLEANING AGENTS

• PSYCHOLOGICAL HAZARDS, STRESS AGGRESSION ETC

IDENTIFYING THE HAZARDS

1. CONSULT WITH EMPLOYEES IN THE WORKPLACE (HEALTH AND SAFETY REPRESENTATIVES AND COMMITTEES)

2. CHECK INJURY STATISTICS TO IDENTIFY AND HAZARDS

3. INCIDENT AND INSPECTION SYSTEMS (USING REPORT FORMS AND CHECKLISTS)

4. OBSERVE WORK PRACTICES USING A JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS CHECKLIST.

IDENTIFYING THE HAZARDS

• ALL BASIC STEPS OF THE OPERATION OF A PIECE OF EQUIPMENT OR JOB PROCEDURE HAVE BEEN LISTED,

• WE NEED TO EXAMINE EACH JOB STEP TO IDENTIFY HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH IT.

• THE PURPOSE IS TO IDENTIFY AND LIST THE POSSIBLE HAZARDS IN EACH STEP OF THE JOB.

• SOME HAZARDS ARE MORE LIKELY TO OCCUR THAN OTHERS, AND SOME ARE MORE LIKELY TO PRODUCE SERIOUS INJURIES THAN OTHERS. CONSIDER ALL REASONABLE POSSIBILITIES WHEN IDENTIFYING HAZARDS.

• TO MAKE THIS TASK MANAGEABLE YOU SHOULD WORK WITH BASIC TYPES OF ACCIDENTS.

THERE ARE 11 BASIC TYPES OF ACCIDENTS:STRUCK-AGAINST

STRUCK-BY

CONTACT-WITH

CONTACTED-BY

CAUGHT-IN

CAUGHT-ON

CAUGHT-BETWEEN

FALL-SAME-LEVEL

FALL-TO-BELOW

OVEREXERTION

EXPOSURE

STRUCK AGAINST AN OBJECT

This happens when a person accidentally runs into concrete objects such as walls, doors, cabinets, glass windows, table, chairs etc.

http://www.accidentatworkcompensationsolicitors.co.uk/

STRUCK BY OBJECT

Objects that fall from shelves or dropped by another person. These can cause very serious injuries.


CONTACT-WITH AND CONTACTED-BY ACCIDENTS

• THE CONTACTED-BY ACCIDENT IS ONE IN WHICH THE WORKER COULD BE CONTACTED BY SOME OBJECT OR AGENT. THIS OBJECT OR AGENT IS CAPABLE OF INJURING BY NON FORCEFUL CONTACT. EXAMPLES OF ITEMS CAPABLE OF CAUSING INJURY ARE CHEMICALS, HOT SOLUTIONS, FIRE, ELECTRICAL FLASHES, AND STEAM.

• ANY TYPE OF WORK THAT INVOLVES MATERIALS OR EQUIPMENT THAT MAY BE HARMFUL WITHOUT FORCEFUL CONTACT IS A SOURCE OF CONTACT-WITH ACCIDENTS. TWO KINDS OF WORK SITUATIONS ACCOUNT FOR MOST OF THE CONTACT-WITH ACCIDENTS. ONE SITUATION IS

WORKING ON OR NEAR ELECTRICALLY CHARGED EQUIPMENT AND THE OTHER IS WORKING WITH CHEMICALS OR HANDLING CHEMICAL CONTAINERS.

CAUGHT-IN, CAUGHT-ON AND CAUGHT-BETWEENACCIDENTS

• A CAUGHT-IN ACCIDENT IS ONE IN WHICH THE PERSON, OR SOME PART OF HIS OR HER BODY, IS CAUGHT IN AN ENCLOSURE OR OPENING OF SOME KIND.

• MOST CAUGHT-ON ACCIDENTS INVOLVE WORKER’S CLOTHING BEING CAUGHT ON SOME PROJECTION OF A MOVING OBJECT. THIS MOVING OBJECT PULLS THE WORKER INTO AN INJURY CONTACT. ALTERNATIVELY, THE WORKER MAY BE CAUGHT ON A STATIONARY PROTRUDING OBJECT, CAUSING A FALL.

• CAUGHT-BETWEEN ACCIDENTS INVOLVE A PART OF THE BODY CAUGHT BETWEEN SOMETHING MOVING AND SOMETHING STATIONARY, OR BETWEEN TWO MOVING OBJECTS. ALWAYS LOOK FOR PINCH POINTS.

FALL TO LOWER LEVEL

This type of fall happens from an elevated area such as roofs, ladders, and stairways.


FALL ON SAME LEVEL SURFACES

This pertains to falls on wet and slippery office floors. Other related examples are falls and slips especially by elderly people on snow covered pathways on their way to work.


OVEREXERTION This includes injuries related to pulling, lifting, pushing, holding, carrying, and throwing activities at work. Overexertion has consistently been a number one workplace injury among the surveys and statistics.


EXPOSURE TYPES OF ACCIDENTS

• EXPOSURE TO THE WORK ENVIRONMENT CAUSE INJURY TO THE WORKER.

• ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS SUCH AS NOISE, EXTREME TEMPERATURES, POOR AIR, TOXIC GASES AND CHEMICALS, OR HARMFUL FUMES FROM WORK OPERATIONS SHOULD ALSO BE LISTED AS HAZARDS.

HAZARD REPORTING SYSTEM Hazard identification is a technique used to examine the workplace for hazards with the

potential to cause accidents. Hazard identification, as envisioned in this section, is a worker-oriented process. Workers are trained in hazard identification and asked to recognize and report hazards

for evaluation and assessment. Management is not as close to the actual work performed as are those performing the

work. Even supervisors can use extra pairs of eyes looking for areas of concern.

HAZARD REPORTING SYSTEM

• THIS HAZARD IDENTIFICATION TECHNIQUE WORKS WELL WHERE MANAGEMENT IS OPEN AND GENUINELY CONCERNED ABOUT THE SAFETY AND HEALTH OF ITS WORKFORCE.

• THE MOST TIME-CONSUMING PORTION OF THIS PROCESS IS ANALYZING THE ASSESSMENT AND RESPONSE REGARDING POTENTIAL HAZARDS IDENTIFIED.

• EMPOWERING WORKERS TO IDENTIFY HAZARDS, MAKE RECOMMENDATIONS ON ABATEMENT OF THE HAZARDS, AND THEN SUGGEST HOW MANAGEMENT CAN RESPOND

TO THESE POTENTIAL HAZARDS IS ESSENTIAL.


• ONLY THREE RESPONSES ARE REQUIRED

1. IDENTIFY THE HAZARD.

2. EXPLAIN HOW THE HAZARDS COULD BE ABATED.

3. SUGGEST WHAT THE COMPANY COULD DO.

WORKPLACE INSPECTIONS OR AUDITS

Workplace audits are inspections that are conducted to evaluate certain aspects of the work environment regarding occupational safety and health. Audits or inspections can be performed to1. Identify the existence of hazards 2. Check compliance with company rules and regulations 3. Check compliance with OSHA rules

WORKPLACE INSPECTIONS OR AUDITS4. Determine the safety and health conditions of the workplace

5. Determine the safe condition of equipment and machinery

6. Evaluate supervisors’ safety and health performance

7. Evaluate workers’ safety and health performance

8. Evaluate progress regarding safety and health issues and problems 9. Determine the effectiveness of new processes or procedural changes

NEED FOR AN AUDIT

• WHEN TO AUDIT

1. CHECK THE EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS THAT THEY WILL USE DURING THE OPERATION OR WORK SHIFT FOR DAMAGE OR DEFECTS THAT COULD PRESENT A SAFETY HAZARD

2. CHECK THE WORK AREA FOR NEW OR CHANGING SITE CONDITIONS OR ACTIVITIES THAT COULD PRESENT A SAFETY HAZARD

3. REPORT IDENTIFIED HAZARDS IMMEDIATELY TO THEIR SUPERVISORS

NEED FOR AN AUDIT

• WHAT TO AUDIT

• THE COMPLEXITY OF THE WORKSITE AND THE MYRIAD AREAS, EQUIPMENT, TASKS, MATERIALS, AND REQUIREMENTS CAN MAKE THE CONTENT OF MOST AUDITS

OVERWHELMING

AUDIT TOPICS

ACCIDENT INVESTIGATIONSAlthough accident investigation is an after-the-fact approach to hazard identification, it is still an important part of this process. At times hazards exist, which no one seems to recognize until they result in an accident or incident. Complicated accidents require an investigation to determine the cause of the accident. This is especially true in cases where death results and few or no witnesses exist. An accident investigation is a fact finding process and not a fault finding process with the purpose of affixing blame. The result of an accident investigation should be assuring that the type of hazard or accident does not exist or will not occur in the future

Weed out the causes of injuries and illness

1. Direct Cause of Injury

• Always the harmful transfer of energy.• Kinetic, thermal, chemical, etc.• Contact with, exposure to, etc.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Surface Causes of the Accident

• Specific/unique hazardous conditions and/or unsafe actions• Produce or contribute to the accident • May exist/occur anytime, anyplace• Involve the victim and others

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Root Causes of the Accident

• Failure to design and/or carry out safety policies, programs, plans, processes, procedures, practices

• Exist prior to surface causes• Result in common or repeated hazards• Under control of management • Failure can occur anytime, anywhere

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Fails to inspect

No recognition planInadequate training plan

No accountability policy No inspection policy

No discipline procedures

Outdated hazcom programNo orientation process

Unguarded machineHorseplay

Fails to trainToo much work

Defective PPE Fails to report injury

Inadequate training

Create a hazard

Fails to enforce

Untrained worker

Broken toolsIgnore a hazard

Lack of time

Inadequate labeling

No recognition

CutsBurns

Lack

of v

isio

n

Strains

No

mis

sion

sta

tem

ent

Chemical spill

Any way you look at it, system design is the key to effective safety.If design is flawed, yet perfectly implemented, the system fails. If design is perfect, yet implementation is flawed, the system fails as a result of design flaws in other related processes.

SAMPLE JOBSITE INSPECTION FORM*

ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION REPORT FORM

GOALS OF ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION

TO PREVENT THE RECURRENCE OF THE SAME OR SIMILAR EVENT. TO VIEW SAFETY AND HEALTH PERFORMANCE. PROVIDE A MECHANISM THAT CAN BE USED TO PREVENT RECURRENCE OF ACCIDENT. AS AN ORGANIZED METHOD OF DETERMINING THE CAUSE OF INCIDENTS. TO FIGURE OUT THE ROOT CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS. AS AN INTEGRAL PART OF THE SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAM.

USES OF ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION

TO UNDERSTAND WHAT HAS HAPPENED. AS AN ORGANIZED MECHANISM FOR GATHERING INFORMATION AND DATA FOR PRESENT

AND FUTURE USE. TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERVENTIONS AND PREVENTION APPROACHES. TO ACHIEVE A DOCUMENTATION OF THE CIRCUMSTANCES AND CHRONOLOGY FOR

LEGAL AND WORKERS’ COMPENSATION ISSUES. TO IDENTIFY HAZARDS AND POTENTIAL RISKS. AS A TOOL THAT ALLOWS LABOR AND MANAGEMENT THE OPPORTUNITY TO WORK

TOGETHER WHILE CONDUCTING THE INVESTIGATION. AS A VITAL COMPONENT OF THE SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAM.

ACCIDENT PREVENTIONBY ELIMINATING THE CAUSE OR CAUSES OF ACCIDENT IT IS POSSIBLE TO PREVENT ACCIDENT. •A DETAILED ANALYSIS OF AN ACCIDENT WILL NORMALLY REVEAL THREE CAUSE LEVELS:

1. BASIC.2. INDIRECT. 3. DIRECT.

•AT THE LOWEST LEVEL, AN ACCIDENT RESULTS ONLY WHEN A PERSON OR OBJECT RECEIVES AN AMOUNT OF ENERGY OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL THAT CANNOT BE ABSORBED SAFELY. THIS ENERGY OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL IS THE DIRECT CAUSE OF THE ACCIDENT.

•THE DIRECT CAUSE IS USUALLY THE RESULT OF ONE OR MORE UNSAFE ACTS OR UNSAFE CONDITIONS, OR BOTH.

•UNSAFE ACTS AND CONDITIONS ARE THE INDIRECT CAUSES OR SYMPTOMS. IN TURN, INDIRECT CAUSES ARE USUALLY TRACEABLE TO POOR MANAGEMENT POLICIES AND DECISIONS, OR TO PERSONAL OR ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS.

ACCIDENT PREVENTION

ACCIDENT INVESTIGATIONS DETERMINE NOT ONLY WHAT HAPPENED, BUT ALSO HOW AND WHY. THE INFORMATION

GAINED FROM THESE INVESTIGATIONS CAN PREVENT RECURRENCE OF SIMILAR OR PERHAPS MORE DISASTROUS

ACCIDENTS. ACCIDENT INVESTIGATORS ARE INTERESTED IN EACH EVENT AS WELL AS IN THE SEQUENCE OF EVENTS

THAT LED TO AN ACCIDENT. THE ACCIDENT TYPE IS ALSO IMPORTANT TO THE INVESTIGATOR. THE RECURRENCE OF

ACCIDENTS OF A PARTICULAR TYPE OR THOSE WITH COMMON CAUSES SHOWS AREAS NEEDING SPECIAL

ACCIDENT PREVENTION EMPHASIS.

INVESTIGATIVE PROCEDURES

o DEFINE THE SCOPE OF THE INVESTIGATION.o SELECT THE INVESTIGATORS.o ASSIGN SPECIFIC TASKS TO EACH (PREFERABLY

IN WRITING).o PRESENT A PRELIMINARY BRIEFING TO THE

INVESTIGATING TEAM, INCLUDING DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCIDENT. NORMAL OPERATING PROCEDURES. MAPS (LOCAL AND GENERAL). LOCATION OF THE ACCIDENT SITE. LIST OF WITNESSES. EVENTS THAT PRECEDED THE ACCIDENT.

INVESTIGATIVE PROCEDURESo VISIT THE ACCIDENT SITE TO GET UPDATED INFORMATION.o INSPECT THE ACCIDENT SITE.o SECURE THE AREA. DO NOT DISTURB THE SCENE UNLESS A

HAZARD EXISTS.o PREPARE THE NECESSARY SKETCHES AND PHOTOGRAPHS.

LABEL EACH CAREFULLY AND KEEP ACCURATE RECORDS.o INTERVIEW EACH VICTIM AND WITNESS. o INTERVIEW INDIVIDUALS WHO WERE PRESENT BEFORE

THE ACCIDENT.o INTERVIEW THOSE WHO ARRIVED AT THE SITE SHORTLY

AFTER THE ACCIDENT. o KEEP ACCURATE RECORDS OF EACH INTERVIEW. USE A

TAPE RECORDER IF DESIRED AND IF APPROVED.

INVESTIGATIVE PROCEDURESo DETERMINE THE FOLLOWING:

WHAT WAS NOT NORMAL BEFORE THE ACCIDENT? WHERE THE ABNORMALITY OCCURRED? WHEN IT WAS FIRST NOTED? HOW IT OCCURRED?

o ANALYZE THE DATA OBTAINED IN STEP 9, 10, 11, 12, 13. REPEAT ANY OF THE PREVIOUS STEPS, IF NECESSARY.

o DETERMINE THE FOLLOWING: WHY THE ACCIDENT OCCURRED? A LIKELY SEQUENCE OF EVENTS AND PROBABLE

CAUSES (DIRECT, INDIRECT, AND BASIC)? ALTERNATIVE SEQUENCES.

INVESTIGATIVE PROCEDURES

o CHECK EACH SEQUENCE AGAINST THE DATA FROM STEP 9, 10, 11, 12.o DETERMINE THE MOST LIKELY SEQUENCE OF EVENTS AND THE MOST PROBABLE

CAUSES.o CONDUCT A POST INVESTIGATION BRIEFING.o PREPARE A SUMMARY REPORT, INCLUDING THE RECOMMENDED ACTIONS TO PREVENT

A RECURRENCE. o DISTRIBUTE THE REPORT ACCORDING TO APPLICABLE INSTRUCTIONS.

FACT-FINDING

o GATHER EVIDENCE FROM MANY SOURCES DURING AN INVESTIGATION. o GET INFORMATION FROM WITNESSES AND REPORTS AS WELL AS BY OBSERVATION. o INTERVIEW WITNESSES AS SOON AS POSSIBLE AFTER AN ACCIDENT. o INSPECT THE ACCIDENT SITE BEFORE ANY CHANGES OCCUR. o TAKE PHOTOGRAPHS AND MAKE SKETCHES OF THE ACCIDENT SCENE. o RECORD ALL PERTINENT DATA ON MAPS.o GET COPIES OF ALL REPORTS. DOCUMENTS CONTAINING NORMAL OPERATING PROCEDURES, FLOW DIAGRAMS,

MAINTENANCE CHARTS, OR REPORTS OF DIFFICULTIES OR ABNORMALITIES ARE PARTICULARLY USEFUL. o KEEP COMPLETE AND ACCURATE NOTES IN A BOUND NOTEBOOK.

o THE FOLLOWING SHOULD BE CARRIED OUT SUCH AS RECORDING PRE ACCIDENT CONDITIONS, THE ACCIDENT SEQUENCE, AND POST-ACCIDENT CONDITIONS.

INTERVIEWS

APPOINT A SPEAKER FOR THE GROUP. GET PRELIMINARY STATEMENTS AS SOON AS POSSIBLE

FROM ALL WITNESSES. LOCATE THE POSITION OF EACH WITNESS ON A MASTER

CHART (INCLUDING THE DIRECTION OF VIEW). ARRANGE FOR A CONVENIENT TIME AND PLACE TO TALK

TO EACH WITNESS. EXPLAIN THE PURPOSE OF THE INVESTIGATION (ACCIDENT

PREVENTION) AND PUT EACH WITNESS AT EASE. LISTEN, LET EACH WITNESS SPEAK FREELY, AND BE

COURTEOUS AND CONSIDERATE. TAKE NOTES WITHOUT DISTRACTING THE WITNESS. USE A

TAPE RECORDER ONLY WITH THE CONSENT OF THE WITNESS.

INTERVIEWS

USE SKETCHES AND DIAGRAMS TO HELP THE WITNESS. EMPHASIZE AREAS OF DIRECT OBSERVATION. LABEL HEARSAY ACCORDINGLY. BE SINCERE AND DO NOT ARGUE WITH THE WITNESS. RECORD THE EXACT WORDS USED BY THE WITNESS TO DESCRIBE EACH OBSERVATION.

DO NOT PUT WORDS INTO A WITNESS’ MOUTH. WORD EACH QUESTION CAREFULLY AND BE SURE THE WITNESS UNDERSTANDS. IDENTIFY THE QUALIFICATIONS OF EACH WITNESS (NAME, ADDRESS, OCCUPATION,

YEARS OF EXPERIENCE, ETC.). SUPPLY EACH WITNESS WITH A COPY OF HIS OR HER STATEMENTS. SIGNED

STATEMENTS ARE DESIRABLE.

INTERVIEWS

THERE MAY BE INCONSISTENCIES IN WITNESSES’ STATEMENTS DUE TO A WITNESS WITHIN PROXIMITY TO THE ACCIDENT MAY HAVE AN ENTIRELY DIFFERENT STORY FROM

ONE WHO SAW IT AT A DISTANCE. SOME WITNESSES MAY ALSO CHANGE THEIR STORIES AFTER THEY HAVE DISCUSSED IT WITH OTHERS.

THE REASON FOR THE CHANGE MAY BE ADDITIONAL CLUES. A WITNESS WHO HAS HAD A TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCE MAY NOT BE ABLE TO RECALL THE DETAILS OF

THE ACCIDENT. A WITNESS WHO HAS A VESTED INTEREST IN THE RESULTS OF THE INVESTIGATION MAY OFFER BIASED

TESTIMONY. FINALLY, EYESIGHT, HEARING, REACTION TIME, AND THE GENERAL CONDITION OF EACH WITNESS MAY

AFFECT HIS OR HER POWERS OF OBSERVATION. A WITNESS MAY OMIT ENTIRE SEQUENCES BECAUSE OF A FAILURE TO OBSERVE THEM OR BECAUSE THEIR IMPORTANCE WAS NOT REALIZED.

REPORT OF INVESTIGATION1. BACKGROUND INFORMATION.

WHERE AND WHEN THE ACCIDENT OCCURRED. WHO AND WHAT WERE INVOLVED. OPERATING PERSONNEL AND OTHER WITNESSES.

2. ACCOUNT OF THE ACCIDENT (WHAT HAPPENED) SEQUENCE OF EVENTS EXTENT OF DAMAGE ACCIDENT TYPE AGENCY OR SOURCE (OF ENERGY OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL)

3. DISCUSSION (ANALYSIS OF THE ACCIDENT—HOW? WHY?) DIRECT CAUSES (ENERGY SOURCES; HAZARDOUS MATERIALS) INDIRECT CAUSES (UNSAFE ACTS AND CONDITIONS) BASIC CAUSES (MANAGEMENT POLICIES; PERSONAL OR ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS)

4. RECOMMENDATIONS (TO PREVENT A RECURRENCE) FOR IMMEDIATE AND LONG-RANGE ACTION TO REMEDY BASIC CAUSES INDIRECT CAUSES DIRECT CAUSES (SUCH AS REDUCED QUANTITIES OR PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT OR STRUCTURES)

Thank you all

Hazard (2)

Engineering

Transcript of Hazard (2)