Hawaii Smart Technology Demonstration for a 100% RE Future · Hawaii as a Model for Energy Change...
Transcript of Hawaii Smart Technology Demonstration for a 100% RE Future · Hawaii as a Model for Energy Change...
Hawaii Smart Technology Demonstrationfor a 100% RE Future
Hawaii Natural Energy Institute
School of Ocean & Earth Science & Technology
University of Hawaii at Manoa
1680 East-West Road, POST 109
Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
Leon R. Roose, Esq.
Principal & Chief Technologist
Presented at
Smart Community Summit 2016
Organized by NEDO and JSCA
Reception Hall A, Conference Tower 1F, Tokyo Big Sight
Tokyo, Japan
June 16, 2016
Hawaii as a Model for Energy Change• Hawaii is isolated and highly dependent
on fossil fuel, primarily oil
• Current Hawaii energy mix contributes to
local and global environmental issues
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• Hawaii has the most aggressive Renewable Portfolio Standard for
electricity in the United States – 100% renewables by 2045
• Success will require broad portfolio of advanced technologies
including generation, transportation and smart grid systems
• Oil drives cost,
volatility and energy
insecurity across all
sectors of Hawaii’s
economy
Electricity Production by Source, 2014Petroleum Use by Sector, 2014
Source: Hawaii DBEDT
Renewable Energy Aimed to “Break the Link” and Lower Cost
High Energy Cost Drains the Island Economy
Source: Hawaiian Electric Company and Hawaii DBEDT
Hawaii ranks #1 in electric energy costs:
45.85 cents/kWh Lanai47.06 cents/kWh Molokai41.89 cents/kWh Hawaii37.83 cents/kWh Maui35.48 cents/kWh Oahu(Avg. Residential rates in 2014)
11 - 12 cents/kWh U.S. avg.
High Cost of Service
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High Electricity Price and Volatility Linked to Cost of Oil
Opportunity for Sustainability
in Hawaii is Abundant
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Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Hawaii Clean Energy Initiative Scenario Analysis, 2012;
and DBEDT
Hawaii’s Progressive Leadership in
Clean Energy Policy
Highest RPS Target
in the United States
40% by 2030(2015 - 15%; 2020 - 25%)
Other key policies:
• Tax incentives
• Net metering
• Feed in tariffs
Strong Hawaii Policies
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Hawaii Clean Energy Initiative (HCEI)
The State of Hawaii, US DOE, and local utility launched
HCEI in January 2008 to transform Hawaii to a 70%
clean energy economy by 2030:
• Increasing Hawaii’s economic and energy security
• Fostering and demonstrating Hawaii’s innovation
• Developing Hawaii’s workforce of the future
• Becoming a clean energy model for the U.S. and the
world
2008
2009 2011Policy Evolution Reflecting
Market Realities …
Amended the definition of "renewable electrical
energy" to include starting in 2015, customer-sited,
grid-connected renewable energy generation
2015+ Continued Policy Evolution …
• New RPS targets: 30% by 2020; 100% by 2045
• Net metering change – wholesale rate sale
Exceeding Hawaii RPS Goals
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State-wide 2015 RPS Goal = 15%
RPS year-end 2015 @ 23.42%(9.5% RPS at year-end 2009)
48.7%
35.4%
27.3%
17.2%
Source: State of Hawaii, "Hawaii Energy Facts & Figures," Hawaii State Energy Office, Honolulu, May 2016
Hawaii RPS Goals2015 - 15%
2020 - 30%
2030 - 40%
2040 - 70%
2045 - 100%
21.1%18.0%
13.7%11.9%
9.5%9.5%
Renewable Energy
Production by
Resource
7Source: State of Hawaii, "Hawaii Energy Facts & Figures," Hawaii State Energy Office, Honolulu, May 2016
At year-end 2015 RE Production by:
Distributed PV - 31%
Wind - 27.9%
Biomass - 19.2%
Geothermal - 10.5%
Hydro - 4.8%
Commercial Solar - 4.2%
Biofuels - 2.4%
Installed PV Capacity - HECO Companies(12/2012 to 12/2015)
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Hawaii’s Electric Systems4 electric utilities; 6 separate grids
Kauaʻi
Oʻahu
Molokaʻi
Maui
HawaiʻiLanaʻi
Kauai Island Utility Cooperative27 MW PV (24 MW in development)
System Peak: 78 MW
Customers: 32,700
Hawaiian Electric343 MW PV / 100 MW Wind /
69 MW WTE
System Peak: 1,100 MW
Customers: 300,000
Maui ElectricMaui: 71 MW PV / 72 MW Wind
System Peak: Maui 190 MW
Lana’i: 1.5 MW PV
System Peak: Lana’i: 5 MW
Moloka’i: 1.7 MW PV
System Peak: Moloka’i: 5.5 MW
Customers: 68,000
Hawaii Electric Light70 MW PV / 30 MW Wind /
38 MW Geothermal / 16 MW Hydro
System Peak: 190 MW
Customers: 81,000 9
Small systems
No interties
Growing
intermittent
resources
Novel grid
integration
issues
Wind and Solar Resource Intermittency
and Variability
0
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60
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90
100
P
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%
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10 mins
Wind Energy
Solar Energy
NEDO and State of Hawai’i sign MOU, Nov. 2011
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• In order to establish a sustainable way of life for future generations,
it is necessary to integrate high levels of renewable energy into
existing electric systems while maintaining safe and reliable power
• US and Japan are collaborating to develop and demonstrate
advanced technology for the control of Electric Vehicle (EV)
charging and managing Distributed Energy Resources (DER)
JUMPSmart Maui ProjectA Japan – United States Smart Grid Demonstration Project
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Schedule, Issues and Solutions
In Maui, large scale renewable energy (72MW of
wind and 70+ MW of distributed PV) have been
introduced. In addition, EV high penetrations are
expected soon.
IssuesExcess Energy
Impact on frequency management
Impact on distribution line voltage
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Six cutting-edge initiatives as solutions
M-to-N EV charging management system
Information and control platform
2011 2012 2013 2014-2017(Feb.)
System Design
Construction Demonstration
Feasibility Study
1. Energy Efficiency Maximum Utilization of Renewable Energy
Ensure information security
Direct Load Control (DLC) and Advanced Load Shift as DR
EV charger control and Batteries
Energy control via Autonomous Decentralized System
ICT technologies to improve Quality of Life
2. Stabilization/Balancing
3. EV infrastructure & QC stations
4. Cyber Security
5. Autonomous System
6. ICT Technology
EVECC: EV Energy Control Center, iDMS: Integrated Distribution Management System,
LV: Low Voltage, DOE: Department of Energy
■ EV batteries are utilized as distributed energy resources for storing
excess RE and controlling frequency fluctuations
Project Overview
Island of MauiHousehold as volunteer
Wind powerDC Fast Charger
Storage battery
Photovoltaic
ICT
Transmission
EMS
Power Line
Power Line
LV TransformerμDMS
DMS
Distribution
配電変電所
ICT
PV withSmart PCS
L3 Chargers
配電網制御システム
Billing,MembershipIncentive
EVECC
Battery Power Line
LV TransformerμDMS
iDMS
Distribution
Substation
ICT
PV withSmart PCS
DCFast Chargers
EVECC
EV with Normal Charger
Battery
Billing,MembershipIncentive
Demonstration will be implemented by
200 EVs and 30 Residences in whole
island of Maui.
(Final target is to establish EV-Virtual
Power Plant)
Wind
Power PVThermal
Power
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System Architecture
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DMCD
Smart City Platform (Information Control Hub)
Battery
EVECC
μ-DMS
Trans-former
DLC (DR)
EVECC: EV Energy Control CenteriDMS: Integrated Distributed Management System
DLC: Direct Load Control
DR: Demand Response
SVC
AMI
1 set 3 sets
Switch
12 sets
Tota
l Optim
izatio
nIn
div
idua
l Optim
izatio
n
Residents as volunteers 30 homes
15 sets
DC FastCharger
DC Fast Charger Station 15 sites
μ-DMS
15 sets
EV Level2Charger
M2M Network
Sub Station
Home Battery WaterHeater
EV Level2Charger
PV
SmartPCS
Home Gateway
DP
10 sets 10 sets
Trans-former
AMI: Advanced Metering Infrastructure
M2M: Machine to Machine
SVC: Static Var Compensator
DMCD: Data Measuring & Communication Device
DP: Distribution Panel
PV: Photovoltaic
PCS: Power Conditioning System
iDMS
Equipment Deployment in Maui
Lahaina
Wailea
Hana
Kahului
Wailuku
Kaanapali
Maalaea
Pukalani
Makawao
Haiku
Paia
Kula
Wailua
Kapalua
DC Fast Chargers(On going)
Bulk Battery
#1 & #2 (Li-Ion)
Bulk Battery
(Lead Acid)
Kihei
Maui Island-wide:
level 2 chargers
200 sets
SVC
DC Fast Chargers(Installed)
9 DC Fast Charger
Stations are in operation
200 volunteers and
180 DCFC member
(other EV owners)
have joined
DCFC: Direct Current Fast Charger16
Examples of DCFC Installations
17DCFC: Direct Current Fast Charger
Effect of Load Shift on Grid Operation
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0
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Perc
en
tag
e
Connect Status(%)
Charge Status(%)
Wind output
curtailed[MW]
EV charging hour shift at home
Charges during load peak hours
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100
120
140
160
180
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
System load and wind output curtailed in Maui System LoadWind output curtailed
Lower system priority peak load
Reduce wind energy curtailment
Load[MW]
1
2
12
[Hour]
Before starting load shift
40
30
20
10
January 2015 (80 EVs)
Before November 2014
Priority peak Off peakOff peak On peakTariff(TOU-R)
EV charging load shifts by 3 hoursAfter starting load shift
Expected effects of Advanced Load Shift
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
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Current status and finding
• After SmartPCS have been installed at volunteer home, it autonomously
controls voltage by producing reactive power.
July
[V]
SmartPCS
Switchboard
Home
appliances
uDMS
A
B
240+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
August
: at SmartPCS grid connection pointBA : on secondary of the transformer
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
11.00
12.00
13.00
14.00
15.00
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 5 10 15 20 25 30
A
BAvg. of B
Down
• This circuit voltage is above nominal.
• Voltage at SmartPCS is higher in average
than transformer which could result in
reverse current flow.
• Threshold of SmartPCS is set to produce reactive power
in this operation mode.
• It resulted in overall voltage reduction during this period.
No voltage control Voltage control with reactive power (Volt-VAR)
[kVARh]
Reactive power produced
+
+
Hypothesis
• MicroDMS and SmartPCS contribute to mitigate voltage performance
issues in distribution grid that may arise from concentrations of
customer-sited rooftop PV and batteries (incl. EV)
• SmartPCS may also contribute to system level reliability
improvements by collective effect.
Effect of Hierarchical Autonomous Control
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Phase 2 - Issues and potential DR
(a)
Over-generation risk
Solar PV in Maui County
PV Impacts on Net System Demand
Rapid and substantial penetration of solar PV increases (a) over-generation risk during mid-day
hours and (b) ramp need in hours towards system peak as solar PV generation drops off
Load increase during mid-day hours and load reduction during system peak hours will help
Source : Maui Electric
Need for load increase
Need for peak load reduction
Phase 2 - Solutions
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Rooftop photovoltaic power generation has increased
from 6 MW (as of 2011) to 70+ MW (as of 2015)
Significant increase in rooftop PV has resulted in “Duck Curve”
Interruption of charging Distributed Energy Resources (EV) Achievement of VPP
Addressing further issues:
(1) V2X - compliant EV charger using EV batteries as distributed energy resources
(2) Multiple distributed energy resources are controlled as Virtual Power Plant (VPP)
System configuration of Phase 2
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AMI
EVECCIntegrated
DMSDLC (DR)
Tota
l Optim
izatio
nIn
div
idua
l Optim
izatio
n
[Phase2]Volunteers 300 EV-PCSs
GCS
Smart City Platform (Information Control Hub)
xAggregator
AMI
EV PCSSwitchboard
SEP2.0
ChargeDischarge
6kW/6kVA
M2M Network
BatterySVC
1 set 3 sets
Switch
12 sets
DC FastCharger
μ-DMS
EV Level2Charger
μ-DMS
μ-DMS
[Phase1]Residents as volunteers
30 homes
SmartPCS
WaterHeater
EV Level2Charger
[Phase1]DC Fast Charger Station
15 sites
SubStation
HomeBattery
EMS-Plus
JUMPSmartMaui
Phase2
Summary of Phase 2
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Phase 2 will demonstrate the following capabilities:
Vehicle to Grid: The project will perform technical verification and
benefit assessment of controlled EV battery charging and discharging
as a Distributed Energy Resource (DER) to the distribution grid.
EV Expansion: The project will promote acquisition of more than 300
EVs to be used as aggregated DER by managing charging and
discharging. The scale of EV adoption that in aggregate materially
mitigates high penetration levels and intermittency of renewable
energy generation will be evaluated.
Virtual Power Plant (VPP): The project will evaluate the performance
of VPP to balance power supply and demand, to provide real-time
system operational awareness and visualization, and rapid
dispatched energy response for system reliability and efficiency
improvements.
Kihei area
Substation
(Distribute)
μDMS
EV Energy
Control
Center
Wailea area
Integrate Renewables and Transform
the Maui Grid
Wind Farms
EMS EVECCRapid EV chargers to be provided by Hitachi via NEDO funded project
Wind Farm
KWP
(30MW)
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KWP II
(21MW)
AWE
(21MW)
70+ MW of Distributed PV
Mahalo!(Thank you)
For more information, contact:
Leon R. Roose, Esq.
Principal & Chief Technologist
GridSTART
Hawaii Natural Energy Institute
School of Ocean & Earth Science & Technology
University of Hawaii at Manoa
1680 East-West Road, POST 109
Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
Office: (808) 956-2331
Mobile: (808) 554-9891
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: www.hnei.hawaii.edu25
Staff: One thousand – 220 tenure track faculty
Departments: Five with primary emphasis on graduate education
1 B.A., 3 B.S., 5 M.S. & Ph.D
Organized Research Units: Hawaii Natural Energy Institute (HNEI),
Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology (HIMB), Hawaii Institute of
Geophysics and Planetology (HIGP,) SeaGrant
Funding: Over $100 million USD per year26
Hawaii Natural Energy Institute (HNEI)• Program Objectives
– Research and development of new energy technologies
– Testing and evaluation of emerging technologies
– Research to support renewable energy deployment
– Energy assessments and policy development
– Develop and manage research partnerships to leverage investment in Hawaii
– Contribute to STEM and workforce development
HNEI programs are multi-
disciplinary efforts with
strong collaboration and cost
share from industry
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HNEI Technology Areas• Alternative Fuels
• Biomass and biofuels; hydrogen; methane hydrates
• Renewable Power Generation
• Ocean energy (OTEC, Wave)
• Photovoltaics (thin film solar cells, testing, and analysis)
• Electrochemical Power Systems
• Fuel cells
• Battery technology
• Energy Efficiency
• Building technology; sea water air conditioning (SWAC)
• Systems Integration/Energy Security:
• Grid modeling and analysis
• Transportation systems
• Smart grid development
• Grid-scale storage
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• Interdisciplinary team of faculty, professionals, post-doctoral fellows and
students (team members combine for 100+ years of utility and
regulatory experience)
• Serves to integrate other HNEI technology areas: biomass and biofuels,
fuel cells and hydrogen, energy efficiency, renewable power generation
• Expertise includes grid modeling and analysis; smart grid and micro-
grid R&D; application of grid storage; power system planning and
operations; energy policy
• Strong and growing partnerships with Hawaii, national and international
organizations including Asia-Pacific nations.
Established to develop and test advanced grid architectures, new
technologies and methods for effective integration of renewable energy
resources, power system optimization and enabling policies.
Core Team Members:
Richard Rocheleau Director, HNEI Leon Roose* Principal & Chief Technologist Marc Matsuura* Senior Smart Grid Program Manager Ed Noma Senior RESG Program Manager Nathan Liang* Senior Power Systems Engineer Matthew Goo* Power Systems Engineer II Kanoa Jou* Power Systems Engineer Staci Sadoyama* Power Systems Engineer Thai Tran Junior Power System Engineer Brian Chee Communications System Analyst John Cole* Senior Policy Strategist James Maskrey* Energy Efficiency Program Manager Dax Mathews Renewable Energy Resources Forecasting Sharon Chan GIS Specialist Kevin Davies Assistant Researcher Saeed Sepasi Post-Doctoral Fellow Abdul Howlader Post-Doctoral Fellow Ehsan Reihani Post-Doctoral Fellow Mithila Bhuiyan Visiting Researcher
* 100+ years of combined utility & regulatory experience
Sampling of Sponsors & Partners:
Lead for many public-private demonstration projects
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Expertise & Focus:
Renewable Energy Grid Integration
Smart Grid Planning & Technologies
Power Systems Planning
Power Systems Operation
Power Systems Engineering and Standards
Energy Efficiency
Project Management and Execution
Energy Policy
Communications Design and Testing
Data Center and Cloud infrastructure Design and Testing
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