Advances in Materials

Technologyfor Fossil Power Plants

Proceedings from the Seventh International Conference

October 22-25, 2013

Waikoloa, Hawaii, USA

Editors

D. Gandy

J. Shingledecker

Sponsored By

ELECTRIC POWER

RESEARCH INSTITUTE

A3Ms, Everything'

Material.The Materials

Information Society

EPRI Report Number 3002002375

Published ByASM International®

Materials Park, Ohio 44073-0002

www.asminternational.org

Contents

Preface xix

Section 1: Technology and Program Overviews (Plenary Session)

Progress ofChina 700°C USC Development Program 1

Rui Sun, Zhanzhong Cui, and Ye Tao

ENCIO Project: An European Approach to 700°C Power Plant 9

A. Di Gianfrancesco, A. Tizzanini, M. Jedamzik, and C. Stolzenberger

Advanced USC Technology Development in Japan 24

Masafumi Fukuda, Eiji Saito, Hiroyuki Semba, Jun Iwasaki, Sakae Izumi, Shinichi

Takano, Takeo Takahashi, and Yasuo Sumiyoshi

Current Status ofthe U.S. DOE/OCDOA-USC Materials TechnologyResearch and Development Program 41

J. Shingledecker, R. Purgert, and P. Rawls

India's National A-USC Mission - Plan and Progress 53

Alok Mathur, O.P Bhutani, T. Jayakumar, D.K. Dubey, and S.C. Chetal

Advantages ofA-USCfor C02 Capture in Pulverized Coal Units 60

H.L. Hendrix

Section 2: Nickel-Based Alloys for Advanced Ultrasupercritical Power Plants

Nextgenpower - Demonstration and Component Fabrication ofNickel Alloys andProtective Coatingsfor Steam Temperatures of750°C 74

Arthur F. Stam

A Steam Generatorfor 700C to 760C Advanced Ultra-Supercritical Design andPlant Arrangement: What Stays the Same and What Needs to Change 86

Paul S. Weitzel

An Investigation on Structure Stability ofAdvanced Austenitic

Heat-Resisting Steels and Ni-Base Superalloysfor600-700 °C A-USC Power Plant Application 98

Xishan Xie, Chengyu Chi, Qiuying Yu, Zhihao Yao, Maichang Zhang,Yaohe Hu, Jianxin Dong, Hongyao Yu, Shuangqun Zhao, Fusheng Lin, Xia Liu,Linbo Mei, Huachun Yang, and Mingyang Li

vii

Recent Developments in the Characteristics ofHaynes 282 AlloyforUse in A-USC Applications 120

S.K. Srivastava, J.L. Caron, and L.M. Pike

Creep-Rupture Behavior ofPrecipitation-Strengthened Ni-Based Alloys under

Advanced Ultrasupercritical Steam Conditions 131

P.F. Tortorelli, K.A. Unocic, H. Wang, M.L. Santella, and J.P Shingledecker

Microstructural Evolution in Cast Haynes 282for

Application in Advanced Power Plants 143

Y. Yang, R.C. Thomson, R.M. Leese, and S. Roberts

Investigations on Nickel Based Alloys and Welds for A-USC Applications 155

Andreas Klenk and Karl Maile

Qualifications and Experience on A 617 and C263 Boiler Tubes 167

Patrik Schraven

Material Advancement Usedfor 700°C A-USC-PP in China 171

Zhengdong Liu, Hansheng Bao, Gang Yang, Songqian Xu,

Qijiang Wang, and Yujun Yang

Selection ofSuper Alloys for A-USC Power Plants under

Consideration ofCreep Crack Growth Behavior 180

Falk Mueller, Alfred Scholz, and Matthias Oechsner

Fabrication Trials ofNi-Based Alloysfor Advanced USC Boiler Application 190

Nobuhiko Saito, Nobuyoshi Komai, and Yasuhiro Takei

Development and Trial Manufacturing ofNi-Base AlloysforCoal Fired Power Plant with Temperature Capability 800°C 202

Shinya Imano, Naoya Sato, and Hironori Kamoshida

Manufacturing Demonstration oflnconel® Alloy 740H®for A-USC Boilers 215

B.A. Baker, R.D. Gollihue, J.J. deBarbadillo, S.J. Patel, and D. Maitra

Creep-Rupture Performance oflnconel Alloy 740 and Welds 230

J.P. Shingledecker

Evaluation ofHigh Temperature Strength ofa Ni-Base Alloy 740HforAdvanced Ultra-Supercritical Power Plant 242

Shengde Zhang and Yukio Takahashi

Cyclic Properties of50Ni-24Cr-20Co-0.6Mo-IAl-l.6Ti-2Nb Alloy at

Advanced USC Steam Temperature 254U.V. Gururaja, A. Patra, P. Mukhopadhyay, and M. Narayana Rao

viii

Microstructure Evolution and Precipitates Stability in

Inconel Alloy 740H during Creep 265

Shuangqun Zhao, Fusheng Lin, Rui, Chengyu Chi, and Xishan Xie

Discussion ofDelivered Condition Specified in ASME Code Case 2702 on

Inconel 740H Usedfor A-USC Boiler 276

Hua-Chun Yang, Lin-Sen Wang, Dong-Ping Wang, Shi-Yong Mao,Xiao-Chuan Yang, Xian-Hong Lai, Jin-Bing Yang, and Wen Yang

Section 3: Materials for Turbines

Gas and Steam Turbine Forgingsfor High Efficient Fossil Power Plants 281

Guenter Zeiler and Albert Putschoegl

Microstructural Change after Long-Term Creep Exposure in

High Cr Steel Forgingsfor Ultrasupercritical Steam Turbine Rotors 293

Masato Mikami, Kota Sawada, Satoru Kobayashi, Toru Hara, and Kazuhiro Kimura

Experience in Manufacture ofHigh Chromium Forged Rotor Steels 304

A. Di Gianfrancesco, S. Budano, P. Lombardi, M. Paura, S. Neri,

M. Calderini, and N. Longari

Manufacturing of Trial Rotor Forging of 9%Cr Steel Containing Co and B

(XI3CrMoCoVNbNB9-2-l) for Ultrasupercritical Steam Turbines 321

M. Nakano, K. Kawano, and M. Mikami

Development and Production ofMonoblock Low-Pressure

Turbine Rotor Shaft Madefrom 670 Ton Ingot 333

Takafumi Yamauchi, Hidenao Kudo, Yasuhiro Kishi Sou Ueda, Hajime Yoshida,

Kimitoshi Kimura, Koji Kajikawa, and Shigeru Suzuki

High Cycle Fatigue Properties ofSteam Turbine Materials at

High Temperature under Superheated Steam Conditions 344

Jan Dzugan, Tomas Mi'sek, and JosefJurenka

Creep and Creep-Fatigue Crack Growth Behaviors of30CrlMol VRotor Steel after Long Term Service 351

Kexian Shi, Fusheng Lin, Shuangqun Zhao, and Yanfeng Wang

The Effect of Water Vapor Content and C02 on TBC Lifetime 360

B.A. Pint, K.A. Unocic, and J.A. Haynes

ix

Formation ofDiffusion Zones in Coated Ni-Al-X Ternary Alloys and

Ni-Based Superalloys 371

A.S. Suzuki, G.D. West, and R.C. Thomson

High-Temperature Solid Particle Erosion Testing StandardforAdvanced Power Plant Materials and Coatings 382

V.P. "Swami" Swaminathan, Jeffery S. Smith, and David W. Gandy

Metrology to Enable High Temperature Erosion Testing -

A New European Initiative 400

A.T. Fry, M.G. Gee, S. Clausen, U. Neuschaefer-Rube, M. Bartscher, D. Spaltmann,M. Woydt, S. Radek, F. Cernuschi, J.R. Nicholls, and T.W. Rose

NiCoCrAlYHfCoating Evolution through Multiple Refurbishment Processing on a

Single Crystal Nickel Superalloy 412

A. Rowe, M. Karunaratne, and R.C. Thomson

Microstructural Evolution in a Ni- Based SuperalloyforPower Plant Applications as a Consequence ofHigh Temperature Degradation and Rejuvenation Heat Treatments 424

Z. Yao, M.A.E. Jepson, R.C. Thomson, and C.C. Degnan

Development and Evaluation ofLarge-Scale Rotor ForgingforOver 700 °C-Class A-USCSteam Turbine 436

Shigekazu Miyashita, Yomei Yoshioka, and Takahiro Kubo

Rotor Forgingsfor Steam Turbines with High Efficiency 448

N. Blaes, B. Donth, A. Diwo, and D. Bokelmann

Similar and Dissimilar Welding ofNickel-Based SuperalloysforA-USC Steam Turbine Rotors in Nextgenpower Project 459

Stanislav Hreben, Petr Vitek, Vaclav Zednik, and Lubos Prchlik

Development and Trial Manufacturing ofNi-Based Superalloy "LTES700R "forAdvanced 700C Class Steam Turbines 468

Ryuichi Yamamoto, Yoshikuni Kadoya, Shin Nishimoto, Yoshinori Tanaka,Takuma Okajima, Kouichi Ishikawa, and Kouichi Uno

Tribolayer Formation by Strain-Induced Transformations in Hardfacing Alloys 482

Ryan Smith, J. Siefert, D. Gandy, and S.S. Babu

Advances in Materials Technologyfor Fossil Power Plants 491

S. Birks, S. Roberts, and R. Leese

X

Trial Production ofAlloy 625 and Alloy 617 Casting ComponentforAdvanced 700°C Class Steam Turbines 504

Yuichi Hirakawa, Yoshikuni Kadoya, Shin Nishimoto, and Yoshinori Tanaka

Section 4: Alloys T23/T24

Material Behavior ofT23 and T24 513

Eric Dupont

Supercritical Unit Experience with Grade T23 Evaporator Tube Failures 525

Masafumi Fukuda, Eiji Saito, Yoshinori Tanaka, Takeo Takahashi,

Shinji Nakamura, Jun Iwasaki, Shinichi Takano, and Sakae Izumi

Research on Water Wall Tubes and Welded Joints of1000MW USC Tower Boiler 537

B.C. Wang, Xu Xueyuan, Zhu Yu Feng, Qi Anfang, Lu Zhengran, Zhang Bo,Jin Yongqiang, and Lu Xiaoli

T/P24 (7CRMOVTIB10-10) a Bainitic-Martensitic Steel GradeforSuper Heater and Water Wall Applications in

Modern Ultra Super Critical Power Plants: Lessons Learned 549

M. Jarrar, G. Gevelmann, H. Heuser, and K.G. Tak

Potential Effects ofHAZ Hardness on Use ofT24 Tubingfor Waterwall Applications 565

P. Moody and P. Barnard

Phase Transformations and Microstructure in Gas Tungsten Arc Welds ofGrade 23 Steel Tubing 573

B.T. Alexandrov, J.M. Steiner, K.C. Strader, X. Feng, J.C. Lippold,J.E. Dierksheide, and J.M. Tanzosh

Section 5: Grade 91 and 92

Misorientation Change Caused by the Precipitation Strengthening throughSeveral MX Type Precipitates in High Cr Ferritic Creep Resistant Steels 586

Ryosuke Yamagata and Yasushi Hasegawa

Investigation of Creep Damage and Cavitation Mechanisms in P92 Steels 596

Y. Gu, G.D. West, R.C. Thomson, and J. Parker

Effect ofStress State on Microstructural Change during Creep in

Grade 92 Steel Welded Joint 607

Kota Sawada, Kazuhiro Kimura, and Masaaki Tabuchi

XI

The Effect ofPost Weld Heat Treatment on the Creep Behaviour and

Microstructural Evolution in Grade 92 Steel WeldsforSteam Pipe Applications 615

X. Xu, G.D. West, R.C. Thomson, and J. Parker

Effects ofCr and W Content in High Cr Ferritic Heat-Resistant Steels on

Long-Term Creep Rupture Strength 627

Yusuke Mito, Kazuhiro Miki, Tsukasa Azuma, and Tohru Ishiguro

Heat-to-Heat Variation in Creep Rupture Ductility ofASME Gr.91 Steels in the

Long-Term-Investigation into Recovery ofMicrostructure and Void Formation 637

Satoru Kobayashi, Kota Sawada, Toru Hara, Hideaki Kushima, and

Kazuhiro Kimura

Experiences in the Production and Welding of9-12 % Cr Steels Explained on

Grades 92 and VM12-SHCfor USC Power Plants 648

Vida Knezevic, Marko Subanovic, Olivier Hamart, H. Heuser, and K.G. Tak

Creep-Fatigue Interaction in Grade 92 Steel and Its Predictability 667

Yukio Takahashi, Jonathan Parker, and David Gandy

Creep-Fatigue Properties of Grade 91 Steel 679

Rami Pohja, Asta Nurmela, Pekka Moilanen, and Stefan Holmstrom

Evaluation ofRemaining Life ofGr.91 Welded Elbow Served at

USC Plantfor Long-Term 690

Seiji Nagai, Masatsugu Yaguchi, Shan Lin, and Souichi Yamazaki

Fracture ofGr. 91 Steel Longitudinal Welded Pipe under

Internal Pressure Creep Condition 702

Masatsugu Yaguchi, Takayuki Sakai, Takashi Ogata, and Takuaki Matsumura

Creep Cavitation in CSEF Steels 714

J. Parker

Evaluation ofLong-Term Creep Rupture Life ofStrength Enhanced High Cr Ferritic Steel on the

Basis ofIts Temperature Dependence 732

K. Maruyama, J. Nakamura, and K. Yoshimi

Creep Damage Evaluation ofHigh Cr Ferritic Steel Based on

Change in Hydrogen Desorption Characteristics 744

Shin-ichi Komazaki, Hayato Yamashita, Mitsuharu Yonemura, and Masaaki Igarashi

xii

Section 6: Oxidation and Corrosion

High Pressure Steam Oxidation: Extents and Influences 753

S.R. Holdsworth, A.T. Fry, M. Seraffon, and J. Banks

Effect of Temperature, Alloy Composition and Surface Treatment on the

Steamside Oxidation / Oxide Exfoliation Behavior ofCandidate A-USC Boiler Materials 765

J. M. Sarver and J. M. Tanzosh

Effect of Oxygen Content ofSteam on the Steam Oxidation Behavior ofBoiler Tube Materials 777

K. Nakagawa, Y. Matsunaga, T. Tanoue, T. Hayasaka, K. Matsumura, and

Y. Takagi

Evaluation ofSupercritical Oxidation Resistance ofBoiler Tube Materials 791

Sanni Yli-Olli, Satu Tuurna, Sami Penttila, Pertti Auerkari,

Edgardo Coda Zabetta, and Kyosti Vanska

Effects ofAlloy Composition and Surface Engineering on

Steam Oxidation Resistance 803

B.A. Pint, S. Dryepondt

Steam Oxidation ofthe Novel Austenitic Steel ofFe-20Cr-30Ni-2Nb (at.%) at 973 K 815

Mitsutoshi Ueda, Masakazu Yamashita, Kenichi Kawamura,

Masao Takeyama, and Toshio Maruyama

Managing Oxide Scale Exfoliation in Boilers with TP347H Superheater Tubes 821

Adrian S. Sabau, Ian G. Wright, John P. Shingledecker, and Peter F. Tortorelli

Steam Loop Testing ofA-USC Materialsfor Oxidation and

Fireside Corrosion - Alstom's Experience to Date 832

Reddy Ganta, John Marion, Bruce Wilhelm, Jim Pschirer, Steve Goodstine, and

Charles Boohaker

Inconel Filler Metal 72M Provides Corrosion and Wear Resistance and

Low "Delta T" Through Walls of Tubing in Fossil-Fired Boilers 847

Samuel D. Kiser, Martin Caruso, Rengang Zhang, and Brian Gaal

Comparison ofCoal-Ash Corrosion Resistance ofAlloys Exposed to

Advanced Air-Coal and Oxy-Coal Combustion Environments 863

Steven C. Kung

Fireside Corrosion and Carburization ofSuperheater Materials in

Simulated Oxyfuel Combustion Conditions 881

Satu Tuurna, Pekka Pohjanne, Sanni Yli-Olli, Edgardo Coda, and Kyosti Vanska

Effect ofAlloy Composition on Fireside Corrosion Rates in

Air- and Oxy-Fired Systems 892

B. A. Pint

Section 7: Welding and Weld Performance

Evaluation ofCreep Rupture Strength in Ni-Based Alloy Weldmentsfor an

Advanced USC Boiler 903

Nobuyoshi Komai, Nobuhiko Saito, and Yasuhiro Takei

Study of Creep Damage in Creep Exposed Martensitic

High-Chromium Steel Weldments 914

C. Schlacher, C. Beal, C. Sommitsch, H. Toda, and P. Mayr

Creep Properties ofHeat Affected Zone in Heterogeneous Welded Rotor 924

Jan Dzugan, Zbysek Novy, Pavel Konopik, Pavel Podany, and Eva Folkova

Flux Cored Wiresfor Welding Advanced 9-10% Cr Steels 936

Susanne Baumgartner, Ronald Schnitzer, Monika Schuler,

Edina Schmidtne-Kelity, and Claus Lochbichler

Investigations on the Degradation Mechanism ofWeldedJoints ofAdvanced 9%Cr-Mo-Co-B Steel Usedfor 620°C USC Steam Turbine 948

Xiufang Gong, Zhenhuan Gao, Liping Nie, Bo Zhang, Lei Jiang,

Bangqiang Zhang, Gongxian Yang, and Congping Zhang

Creep Degradation and Life Assessment ofHigh Temperature Welds 960

Fujimitsu Masuyama and Tomiko Yamaguchi

Qualifying Welding Proceduresfor Repair of

High Temperature Components 973

William F. Newell

Influence ofTrace RE Element on Properties and Microstructures ofSA335P9J Weld Metal 982

Haoyang Du, Mingliang Du, Jian Yang, Laichang Hou, and Yongmei Yang

Application ofEPRIP87 in Dissimilar Austenitic-Martensitic Welded Joints of

Tempaloy AA-1 and T92 Steel Grades 992

Michael Urzynicok, Robert Jachym, and Krzysztof Kwiecinski

xiv

Verification ofLong Term Creep Rupture Strength and

Component Fabricability ofCandidate Ni-Based Materials forA-USCBoilers 1006

T. Tokairin, T. Sato, A. Shimada, and R. Nakagawa

Effect ofNon-Standard Heat Treatments on Creep Performance ofCreep-Strength Enhanced Ferritic (CSEF) Steel Weldments 1016

Yukinori Yamamoto, Michael L. Santella, Xinghua Yu, and

Sudarsanam Suresh Babu

Practical Guide to Welding Inconel® Alloy 740H® 1025

Ronald D. Gollihue, Brian A. Baker, Joseph E. Dierksheide, and Jim M. Tanzosh

Modeling a Stress Relaxation Cracking TestforAdvanced Ultra Supercritical Alloys 1038

David C. Tung and John C. Lippold

Development of Welding and Fabrication Technologies in

Advanced USC Boiler 1047

Keiji Kubushirio, Takaaki Matsuoka, Yoshitomo Ohkuma,Hirokatsu Nakagawa, and Hiroshi Aoki

Section 8: New Alloy Concepts

Characterization ofan Extruded Austenitic Stainless SteelforAdvanced Fossil Power Plant Applications 1059

D. Purdy, D. Gandy, and J. Shingledecker

Precipitation Strengthening by the Nitrides in High Cr ContainingFerrtic Creep Resistant Steels 1071

Ippei Shinozaki and Yasushi Hasegawa

Development ofHigh Chromium Ferritic Steels Strengthened byIntermetallic Phases 1081

B. Kuhn, M. Talik, J. Zurek, T. Beck, W.J. Quadakkers,L.S. Singheiser, and H. Hattendorf

Long-Term Evolution ofMicrostructure in VM12-SHC 1093

Andre Schneider, Marko Subanovic, and Javier Piron Abellan

Precipitation Process ofZ-Phase in 9-l2%Cr Steels 1104

Hilmar Kjartansson Danielsen

XV

Effect ofCopper Addition on the Toughness ofNew Z-Phase Strengthened 12% Chromium Steels 1116

Fang Liu and Hans-Olof Andren

Alloy Design of Tempered Martensitic 9Cr-Boron Steelfor A-USC Boilers 1127

F. Abe, M. Tabuchi, S. Tsukamoto, and Y. Liu

Section 9: Creep and General Topics

Role ofHalf Yield on Creep Life Prediction of

Creep Strength Enhanced Ferritic Steels 1139

Kazuhiro Kimura

Applications ofa Phase Analysis Technology to

Advanced Heat Resistant Steels and Nickel-Base Superalloys 1151

Peng Zhifang, Peng Fangfang, and Chen Fangyu

Modelling and Optimizing Precipitation in

Creep Resistant Austenitic Steel 25Cr-20Ni-Nb-N 1163

Vujic Stojan, Beal Coline, Sommitsch Christof, Muhammad Farooq,Sandstrom Rolf, and Zurek Joanna

The Practical Application ofSmall Scale Sampling and

Impression Creep Testing to Grade 91 Components 1173

S.J. Brett

Development ofBoiler Risk Management and Life Prediction System 1182

Li Yaojun, Wang Dapeng, and Li Shuxue

Harmonizing ofCreep-Fatigue Test Methods through

Development ofASTM Standards 1190

Ashok Saxena, Valliappa Kalyanasundaram, Santosh B. Narasimhachary, and

Stuart R. Holdsworth

Defect Tolerant Design Concepts Applied to Remaining Life Assessments ofSteam Turbines and Weld Repairs ofPower Generation Equipment 1206

Phillip Dowson and David Dowson

Microstructure and Properties of l2Cr2MoWVTiB SteelforMembrane Walls 1220

Krzysztof Cieszynski, Wladyslaw Osuch, Maciej Kaczorowski,Stanislaw Fudali, and Aleksandra Czyrska-Filemonowicz

xvi

Application ofNew GMAW Welding Methods Used in

Prefabrication ofP92 (X10CrWMoVNb9-2) Pipe Butt Welds 1232

Michael Urzynicok, KrzysztofKwieciriski, Jacek Slania,

Paola Mariani, and Marian Szubryt

An Extended Small Punch Test Methodfor

Providing Measured Displacements Across a Test Specimen 1244

L.E. Crocker, A.T. Fry, and J. Banks

Non-Destructive and Optical Thickness Measurements ofSteam Grown Oxide on Contacting Surfaces ofPower Plant 1256

E.M. Piedra, M.J. Lodeiro, and A.T. Fry

IN718: Higher Temperature Application Rangefor an Old Superalloys 1268

A. Di Gianfrancesco, P. Lombardi, D. Venditti, R. Montani, and L. Foroni

Trial Production and Evaluation of10-Ton Class A-USC Turbine Rotor ofNi-Fe Base Superalloy FENIX-700 1283

Koichi Takasawa, Tatsuya Takahashi, Ryoji Tanaka, Terutaka Kure,

Shin-ya Imano, and Eiji Saito

The New Metallurgical Precipitation Strengthening Model ofW Containing Advanced High Cr Ferrtic Creep Resistant Steels 1292

Yasushi Hasegawa, Tomohiro Nishiura, and Tetsuya Sato

Evaluation ofReduction in Creep Strength Based on

Fracture Energy in CSEF Steels 1304

Y. Nagae and T. Asayama

The Cross- Weld Performance of9%Cr Creep-Resistant Steels, and the

Influence of Welding Parameters 1313

John Rothwell and Peter Mayr

A New Developed 9%Cr Steel with High Boron Content Achieving the

Long-Term Microstructural Stability and the

Optimized Mechanical Propertiesfor 625°C USC Power Plant Boiler 1329

Mitsuharu Yonemura, Yasushi Hasegawa, Masaaki Igarashi,Masaaki Tabuchi, and Fujio Abe

Development and Evaluation ofFe/Ni Dissimilar- Weld Turbine RotorforAdvanced USC 1341

Shun Oinuma, Shigekazu Miyashita, Yoshihiro Fujita, Yomei Yoshioka, and

Takahiro Kubo

XVII

Creep ofthe Novel Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel of

Fe-20Cr-30Ni-2Nb under Steam Atmosphere at 1073 K 1352

Yu Misosaku, Imanuel Tarigan, Naoki Takata, Mitsutoshi Ueda,

Toshio Maruyama, and Masao Takeyama

Evaluation ofLong Term Creep Strength of9Cr Heat Resistant

Ferritic Steel Containing Boron with the Aid ofSystem Free Energy Concept 1363

Yoshiki Shioda, Shohei Fujii, Yoshinori Murata, and Yasushi Hasegawa

Creep Crack Growth in T23 Weldments 1372

J.A. Siefert and J.R. Foulds

Corrosion Characteristics ofAlloy622 Weld OverlayforWaterwall Tubes in Coal Fired Boilers 1388

Masakazu Matsui, Hirotoshi Matsumoto, and Takeshi Miyazawa

Detection ofIncipient Stress Corrosion Cracking Damage in

Primary Loop Piping Using Fiber Optic Strain Gages 1397

Benjamin K. Jackson, David Bosko, Michael T. Cronin, and

Jonnathan L.W. Warwick

Creep Rupture Properties ofNi-Base Superalloy USCI41 as

Solution Treatedfor 700°C Class A-USC Boiler 1407

Toshihiro Uehara, Chuya Aoki, Takehiro Ohno, Patrik Schraven,

Hironori Kamoshida, and Shinya Imano

High Temperature Oxidation Behavior ofFe-9Cr Steel In CO7-O2 Gas Mixture 1417

Shigenari Hayashi, Kietaro Kaya, and Shigeharu Ukai

Hot Corrosion Properties ofNi-Based Alloys Used in an Advanced-USC Boiler 1422

Yasuhiro Tanaka, Nobuyoshi Komai, and Yasuhiro Takei

In-Situ Full Field Creep Deformation Study of Creep Resistant Materials Welds 1432

Xinghua Yu, Zhili Feng, and Yukinori Yamamoto

A Computational Design Study ofNovel Creep Resistant Steels forFossil Fuel Power 1441

Qi Lu, Wei Xu, and Sybrand van der Zwaag

Section 10: Reference Information

Author Index 1453

Subject Index 1457

xviii