Hawaii and the Pacific Islands. 1826: first Hawaiian-U.S. Treaty opens trade - whaling - sugarcane...
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Transcript of Hawaii and the Pacific Islands. 1826: first Hawaiian-U.S. Treaty opens trade - whaling - sugarcane...
![Page 1: Hawaii and the Pacific Islands. 1826: first Hawaiian-U.S. Treaty opens trade - whaling - sugarcane 1842: U.S. formally recognizes Hawaiian government.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032702/56649cac5503460f9496d7db/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Hawaii and the Pacific
Islands
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• 1826: first Hawaiian-U.S. Treaty opens trade
- whaling- sugarcane
• 1842: U.S. formally recognizes Hawaiian government
• Provisioning port on journey to China• Christian missionaries among first to settle
- decimation of kapu & language - public schools
- political influence
Early influence
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1840’s• Autocracy constitutionalmonarchy with bicameral legislature, Constitution, Bill of Rights
• Prime Minister C.P. Judd
• Great Mahele: right of commoners to purchase land
• Treaty of 1849: privileges for American citizens, economically important
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Reciprocity (1875)• Article I: lists goods to be imported to the United States duty-free
sugar, bananas, hides,
castor oil, plants
• Article II: lists goods preferentially imported toHawaii from the U.S.
meats, metals, cotton…• Article IV gives Hawaii exclusivity on special trade
status
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Bayonet Constitution• Renewal of Reciprocity Treaty
in 1887 U.S. demands access to Pearl Harbor
• King Kalakaua opposed; led to Bayonet Constitution
• Revision to the Constitution transferring power to his cabinet
• Granted American residents in Hawaii right to vote in elections
• Forced Kalakaua to sign under threat of arms
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McKinley Tariff 1890
• Eliminated import taxes• Placed two cent bounty on domestic
sugar• Ruined Hawaii’s advantage
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Queen Liliuokalani
• Nationalist Leader• “Hawaii for Hawaiians”• Attempted New Constitution
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Overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawai’i
• Coup led by Lorrin A. Thurston• Wilson attempted to protect the
Queen• Policeman shot on January 17th 1893
Thurston Wilson
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Overthrow Cont.
• Concern for American Residents in Honolulu
• Companies of uniformed and well armed Marines to take up positions throughout Hawaii
• Intimidated monarch not to resist• Public Law 103-105
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Change in Hawaii
• 1893 annexation treaty negotiated and sent to Senate by President Benjamin Harrison
• Withdrawn by Grover Cleveland in March --Sent James H. Blount to Hawaii to
investigate
• Provisional Government of Hawaii under Sanford Dole– Sought annexation– Proclaimed Hawaii a republic in 1894
Grover Cleveland
Benjamin Harrison
Provisional Government
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Treaty Attempt
• March 1897 new annexation treaty negotiated when Republicans under McKinley returned to power– Rejected by sugar
producers and couldn’t get Senate majority
• Signed and submitted to U.S. Senate for ratification June 16, 1897 by McKinleyWilliam McKinley
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Hawaiian Opposition• 1897 treaty effort blocked
by newly-formed Hawaiian Patriotic League – petitioned the U.S. Congress in
opposition of the treaty
• "Petition Against Annexation" signed by 21,269 native Hawaiian people
• left 46 Senators in favor, less than the 2/3 majority needed
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Annexation 1898
• Spanish America War 1898 shows strategic necessity of Hawaiian Islands
• July 12, 1898 McKinley signed Newlands Resolution
• Passed in Congress, annexing the islands
1898: A formal ceremony took place on the steps of 'Iolani Palace, where the Hawaiian flag was lowered and an American flag was raised.
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Guam
• 1565- Brutal Spanish control• 1898- The Treaty of Paris ceded
Guam to the United States• Naval control benefitted the island
territory as the standard of life improved under the control of Captain Leary
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American Samoa
• 1850s- The United States, Germany, and Great Britain showed interest in the settling the islands
• 1878- The US got control of Pago Pago
• 1889- 6 ships sunk in Apia Harbor and the Berlin Act was put into effect
• 1899- The eastern half of the islands was ceded to the United States
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Midway
• 18560 The Guano Islands Act granted American citizens the right to cease Midway Atoll
• 1867- William H. Seward acquired the Midway Islands in the hope to expand the naval influence of the US
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