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HarvestPlus c/o IFPRI 2033 K Street, NW Washington, DC 20006-1002 USA Tel: 202-862-5600 Fax: 202-467-4439 HarvestPlus@cgiar.org www.HarvestPlus.org A Methodology for Prioritizing Countries for Biofortification Interventions Salomn Prez S Dorene Asare-Marfo Ekin Birol Mourad Moursi Jana Schwarz Manfred Zeller

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Introduction Micronutrient deficiency is a public health problem in many developing countries

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Objectives 1.To build an index for biofortification intervention prioritization in Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) 2.To prioritize countries for iron biofortification intervention (beans and pearl millet) 3.To prioritize countries for zinc biofortification intervention (rice and wheat) 4.To prioritize countries for vitamin A biofortification intervention (cassava, maize, sweet potato)

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Conditions for H+ priority country Country must: 1.Produce the crop - a significant proportion of production must be used for domestic consumption 2.Consume much of the crop on a per-capita basis 3.Have a high level of micronutrient deficiency (vitamin A, Iron or zinc) Saltzman et al. (2013)

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Methodology The biofortification priority index (BPI) captures the three conditions with three sub-indices: 1.Production Index 2.Consumption Index 3.Micronutrient deficiency index

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Production Index Shows intensity of crop production in country Variables: Per capita area harvested (sqm per capita) Share of area harvested allocated to crop (%) Export share (%) Production Index = [1 export share] [(0.5 x per capita area harvested ) + (0.5 x % land area allocated to crop )] Production Index = [1 export share] [(0.5 x per capita area harvested ) + (0.5 x % land area allocated to crop )]

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Consumption Index Measures the magnitude of per-capita consumption of crop in the country which is supplied by domestic production Variables: Consumption per capita (kg/cap/year) Import share (%) Consumption Index = Consumption per capita x (1-Import Share*) *Import share = Imports/(Production + Imports - Exports) Consumption Index = Consumption per capita x (1-Import Share*) *Import share = Imports/(Production + Imports - Exports)

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Micronutrient Deficiency Index Describes the extent of micronutrient deficiency Variables for Vitamin-A deficiency index: Proportion of preschool-age children with retinol < 0.7 mol/l Age-standardized DALYs per 100,000 inhabitants by VAD Vitamin A Deficiency Index = (0.5 x Proportion of preschool-age children with retinol < 0.70 umol/l) + ( 0.5 * Age-standardized DALYs per 100,00 inhabitants by VAD) Vitamin A Deficiency Index = (0.5 x Proportion of preschool-age children with retinol < 0.70 umol/l) + ( 0.5 * Age-standardized DALYs per 100,00 inhabitants by VAD)

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Micronutrient Deficiency Index (cont.) Variables for Iron deficiency index: Proportion of preschool-age children with Hb < 110 g/dl Age-standardized DALYs per 100,000 inhabitants by IDA Iron Deficiency Index = + (0.5 x Proportion of preschool-age children with Hb < 110 g/l) + (0.5 x Age-standardized DALYs per 100,000 inhabitants by IDA) Iron Deficiency Index = + (0.5 x Proportion of preschool-age children with Hb < 110 g/l) + (0.5 x Age-standardized DALYs per 100,000 inhabitants by IDA)

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Micronutrient Deficiency Index (cont.) Variables for Zinc deficiency index: Percentage of population at risk of inadequate intake of zinc Prevalence of stunting among children 6-59 months Zinc Deficiency Index = (0.5 x Percentage of population at risk of inadequate intake of zinc) + (0.5 x Prevalence of stunting) Zinc Deficiency Index = (0.5 x Percentage of population at risk of inadequate intake of zinc) + (0.5 x Prevalence of stunting)

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Summary of Indices and variables used Sub-indexSource VariableData source Production IndexShare of area harvested (%)FAO 2010 Per-capita area harvested (in square meter per capita) FAO 2010 Export share (%)FAO 2010 Consumption Index Per-capita food consumptionFAO 2010 Import Share (%)FAO 2010 Micronutrient Deficiency Index SerumRetinol07WHO 1995-2010 DALYs VADWHO 2002 Inadequate ZincZiNCG 2004 Hb