Harold Colon Harold Colon & & Greysi Greysi TavarezTavarezSouth Mall Analytical LabSouth Mall Analytical LabDr. Michael MillerDr. Michael MillerFreeport High SchoolFreeport High School

*THE EFFECTS OF SURFACTANTS*THE EFFECTS OF SURFACTANTS AND CONTAMINATION ON AND CONTAMINATION ON

NPM ANALYSIS*NPM ANALYSIS*

VocabVocabularyulary• Surfactants: detergents;to "cut" grease and to wet

surfaces • NPM: Non-Polar Material• HEM: Hexane Extractable Material•NonPolar: compound that does not have concentrations of positive or negative electric charge • Polar: Relating to or characterized by a dipole (A molecule having two such charges or poles)

Major Equipment Major Equipment UsedUsed

Step SaverDesicator

Analytical BalanceDesiccator

OTHER EQUIPMENT OTHER EQUIPMENT USEDUSED

Analysis of Hexane Analysis of Hexane Extractable Material Extractable Material

and Non-Polar Materialand Non-Polar Material• HEM - all organic chemicals (not metals) – Cooking oils– Fats– Petroleum (Oil, Gasoline, etc.)

• NPM is a test looking for only non-polar materials– Petroleum– Citrus-based cleaners (Goo-Gone)

• Study shows test procedure has some problems separating the two types of materials

ProbleProble

mm• Samples contaminated with polar material such as surfactants, grease, fats, and oils, seem to indicate that there are non-polar materials in the sample. •NPM analysis limit is 50 mg/L. •Samples often exceed the above limit when tested. • Silica gel treatment does not always remove 100% of material that should be removed.

Question:Question: Do surfactants in the samples effect the result? Do the types of contamination effect the results?

HYPOTHESISHYPOTHESIS•The surfactants in the sample are causing an effect on the analysis’ results. •It is expected that the surfactants have a positive interference with the analysis.• Depending on the fats, oils, and greases used the results are going to vary. • As the silica gel is added (NPM) the results will remain the same.

Materials used: Materials used: Surfactants: Commercial Laundry Detergent

TideF.O.G. : Fats (Kitchen fat), Oils (Wesson Oil) and Grease (Diesel Fuel)

Percent Recovered For Commercial Soap

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Microliters of soap

Percent HEM recovered

Percent NPM recoveredPercent recover

ed

Percent Recover

ed

Percent Recovered For Tide Soap

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

140%

160%

180%

200%

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Microliters of soap

Percent HEM recovered

Percent of NPM recovered

Kitchen Fat 1 and Kitchen Fat 2

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

HEM NPM 1 NPM 2 NPM 3 NPM 4

Succesive Silica Gel Treatments

Kitchen Fat 1

Kitchen Fat 2

Resu

lts

Mg\L

Wesson Oil 1 and Wesson Oil 2

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

HEM NPM 1 NPM 2 NPM 3 NPM 4

Succesive Silica Gel Treatments

Wessen Oil 1

Wessen Oil 2

Resu

lts

Mg\L

Diesel Fuel 1 and Diesel Fuel 2

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

HEM NPM 1 NPM 2 NPM 3 NPM 4

Succesive Silica Gel Treatments

Diesel Fuel 1

Diesel Fuel 2

Resu

lts

Mg\L

Kitchen Fat 1 and Kitchen Fat 2

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

HEM NPM 1 NPM 2 NPM 3 NPM 4

Succesive Silica Gel Treatments

Kitchen Fat 1

Kitchen Fat 2Wessen Oil 1 and Wesson Oil 2

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

HEM NPM 1 NPM 2 NPM 3 NPM 4

Succesive Silica Gel Treatments

Wessen Oil 1

Wessen Oil 2Diesel Fuel 1 and Diesel Fuel 2

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

HEM NPM 1 NPM 2 NPM 3 NPM 4

Succesive Silica Gel Treatments

Diesel Fuel 1

Diesel Fuel 2

CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS•Surfactants have a varying interference with the results of the analysis depending on how much and type of surfactant. -Industrial soap interferes with the analysis, giving a smaller amount of analyte than is truly there. -Tide is opposite of industrial soap because it gave a positive interference with larger amounts

• Depending on the type of contamination, multiple silica gel treatments may be required to obtain valid results. -Wesson oil demonstrated problems with removal by silica gel

REFERENCESREFERENCES• Presearch. “Determining Hexane-Extractable Material”. Nov. 2003 URL: http://www.laboratorytalk.com/news/pes/pes118.html• M.B. Labs LTD. “Hydrocarbons-Definitions and Explanations”. URL: http://www.mblabs.com/html/information/results/hydrocarbons.PDF• South Mall Analytical Labs. Renee Cohen. Total Petroleum Material Non Polar Material Non-Polar Material (NPM) Standard Operating Procedure. 2004• The Environmental Protection Agency. “Guideline Establishing Test Procedure For The Analysis of Oil and Grease and Non-Polar Material under the Clean Water Act and Resource Conservation and Recovery Act; Final Rule”. May 1999URL: http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-WASTE/1999/May/day-14/f12163.htm• United States Environmental Protection Agency. “Extractable Material (HEM; Oil and Greases) and Silica Gel Treated n-Hexane Extractable Material (SEG-HEM; Non-Polar Material) by Extraction and Gravimetry. Feb. 1999 URL:http://www.envexp.com/news/methods/EPA%20METHOD%201664.pdf• United States Environmental Protection Agency. “Approval of EPA Methods 1664, Revision A, and 9071B for Determination of Oil and Grease and Non-polar Material in EPA's Wastewater and Hazardous Waste Programs”. Feb. 1999 URL:http://www.epa.gov/waterscience/methods/1664fs.html

ACKNOWLEDGEMENACKNOWLEDGEMENTSTS*Dr. Sat Bhattacharya*Dr. Sat Bhattacharya

*Harlem Children Society*Harlem Children Society*Mentor: Dr. Michael Miller*Mentor: Dr. Michael Miller

*Co-Mentors:*Co-Mentors:*Timmy*TimmySharmaSharma

JoseJoseDaveDave

*Mr. Edward Irwin*Mr. Edward Irwin

THANK YOUTHANK YOU