Harmful Substances.ppt

8/12/2019 Harmful Substances.ppt

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30/03/2014 2

Course Administration

Time table

Emergency procedures

Safety & comfort

Mobile phones

Questions

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Harmful Substances

Any material or substance with the potential to

cause illness or injury to people who come

into contact with it

A substance may be hazardous because it is

explosive, flammable, harmful, irritant,

corrosive, toxic, produces a chemical reaction

or an allergic reaction

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Harmful Substances

In the UK every year:

2.2 million people suffer work related ill health

6,000 die as a result of work related cancer

500 die from other work related diseases

39 million working days lost

Costs £4 - £6 billion

Figures from HSE



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Harmful Effects

Burns caused by lime powder Cancer causing asbestos dust

Dermatitis from contact with harmful chemicals



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Second woman dies after drinks mix-up

Ten elderly residents drank some of the rinsing fluid

A second pensioner has died six days after drinking a detergent liquid she was given

instead of blackcurrant cordial. The elderly woman, who has not been named, was one

of 10 people given dishwasher rinse to drink by mistake at a private care home in

Slough, Berkshire.

Joan Walters, 80, died earlier in the week after being taken to Wrexham Park Hospital,Slough. Eight other residents of the Lady Astor Court nursing home were treated after

drinking the purple detergent liquid.

A care assistant is believed to have confused two similarly packaged bottles



30/03/2014 9

Hallmark Healthcare fined £40,000 + £6,000 costs.

Elderly resident with Alzheimer's drank from a jug

containing sodium hydroxide-based liquid. Jug left

unattended in an office accessible to residents. Lack of

competence and poor management.

Romney Marsh Potato Co fined £3,000 + £2,100 costsand director N Winmill fined £750 + £528 costs.

Pesticide decanted into a milk carton and stored in an

eating area. Worker injured after assuming cartoncontained orange juice. No safe system of work or

training. Director failed to act



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Legislation

The Health & Safety at Work Act 1974

The Management of Health & Safety at Work

Regulations 1999

The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health

(COSHH) Regulations 2002

The Chemicals (Hazard Information & Packaging for

Supply) Regulations 2002 (CHIPS)



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The Health & Safety at Work Act 1974

“It shall be the duty of every employer to ensure, so far as is

reasonably practicable, the health, safety and welfare of allemployees” :

– Safe plant and systems of work

–

Safe use, handling, transport, storage of substances and articles – Provision of information, instruction & training

– Safe place of work including access and egress

– Safe working environment with adequate welfare facilities

– A written safety policy if more than four employees

Further duties extend this requirement to include non employees

who may still be affected by the work undertaking



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The COSHH Regulations 2002

Designed to protect employees and others from

the effects of harmful substances

Provides more specific guidance than thegeneral arrangements

Outlines an 8 step approach to managingharmful substances in the workplace



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The COSHH Regulations 2002

Not included under the COSHH regulations:

Biological agents outside the employers control(flu, colds, measles etc)

Asbestos & Lead

Substances that are hazardous only because theyare:

–

Radioactive – At high pressure

– At extreme temperatures

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The CHIPS Regulations 2002

CHIP requires the supplier of a dangerous chemical to:

Identify the hazards (dangers) of the chemical, this is known as‘classification’;

Give information about the hazards to their customers.Suppliers usually provide this information on the package itself(eg a label) and, if supplied for use at work, in a material safetydata sheet (MSDS);

Package the chemical safely



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Step 1- Assess the Risks

Identify the hazardous substances present in the

workplace:

– Warning labels

– Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

– HSE website – EH40/2005

– Dept of Health

– Trade Associations

– Specialist agencies

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Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

Legal requirement placed on commercial suppliers ofchemicals and products

16 Headings

Updated as appropriate

Not designed as a risk assessment

Use of Risk Phrases

Not all harmful substances will have a MSDS



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Difficulties With Identification

Unlabelled containers

Substance cannot be detected by our senses

Hazard results from reactions between chemicals

Gradual increases in concentration

Specialist competence required

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30/03/2014 20

Nursing home faces chemical alert

Thirteen residents had to be evacuated from a nursing home afterchlorine-based chemicals were accidentally mixed together.Firefighters were called to the Nyton House Nursing Home, inAldingbourne, West Sussex, on Wednesday morning to a strong smell

of chlorine fumes.

The chemicals had been placed in a bucket, but were removed by firecrews to a sealed container. Four people were treated in hospital forthe effects of the fumes.

West Sussex Fire and Rescue Service said it seemed two chlorine-based chemicals used for the swimming pool at the nursing home hadbeen mistakenly mixed together by a workman, causing the release ofthe fumes

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Assessing The Risk

Describes the likelihood of harm occurring:

Risk = Severity of Harm x Extent of Exposure

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Exposure - Dose

Amount Of Substance

Method Of Use

Form Of Substance

Routes Of Entry Length Of Exposure

Existing Controls

Consider everyone who may be exposed Working environment



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Amount Of Substance

Can be difficult to determine

Factors to consider include:

– Varying concentrations over time

– Duration of exposure

– Accurate measuring of quantities

– Changes to form of substance



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Form Of The Substance

Solid – Liquid – Gas Dust The term used for small particles of a solid

suspended in the air

Vapour The term used to describe the gaseous state

of solids or liquids

Fumes Formed when solid vapours condense in the

atmosphere

Mists Small liquid droplets that form when a

liquid is atomised



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Changes Of Physical Form

Solid To Dust – Asbestos & Hardwood Dust

Liquid To Vapour – Petrol

Solid To Fumes – Lead Oxide, Chlorine gas

Liquid To Mist – Paint Spray, Pesticides



30/03/2014 26

Fumes poison workers at animal charity premises

Norfolk animal charity and two of its managers were

fined a total of £30,100 and ordered to pay £21,120

costs by Norwich magistrates after three workers were

badly affected by inhaling toxic fumes from rat poison.

All parties pleaded guilty to all charges.



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Routes of Entry Into Body

Inhalation

Ingestion – Food/Drink

Absorption – Skin/Cuts

Injection



St 2 D id Wh t P ti



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Step 2 - Decide What Precautions

are Needed

Compare existing control measures against

recognised management standards:

www.hse.gov.uk/coshhessentials

Industry sector best practice

Information on Material Safety Data Sheets

Information on labels

In house policy and guidance Specialist advise and guidance

Government advice (Dept of Health, HSE etc)

http://www.hse.gov.uk/coshhessentials





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Step 3 – Prevent or Control Exposure

Hierarchy of Controls

Eliminate

Substitute

Isolation Reduce Exposure – Engineering Controls

Reduce Exposure – Procedural Controls

Personal Protective Equipment Welfare Facilities



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Reduce Exposure – Procedural Controls

Reduce numbers exposed to the hazard

Reduce duration of exposure

Prohibit eating-drinking-smoking

Provide welfare facilities

Good personal hygiene

Safe storage of harmful substances

Safe systems of work for routine and non routine

activities



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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Use as a last resort if only control measure The hazard remains unaffected

It’s effectiveness relies on correct use

Only the wearer is protected

Effectiveness may be reduced over time

Supplied, maintained, cleaned, stored and replaced free of

charge

May require specialist fit testing etc May require specialist disposal

Can be uncomfortable to wear



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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)



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Step 5 – Monitor Exposure

Mainly concerned with measuring theconcentration of hazardous substances in the

air likely to be breathed by employees or others

May not be required if other methods of

adequately controlling employees exposure can

be demonstrated



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Step 6 – Health Surveillance

This is usually only undertaken in specific instanceswhere:

There is an identifiable disease or other identifiable

adverse health outcome linked to the work The disease or health effect may be related to exposure

There is a likelihood that the disease or health effectmay occur

There are valid techniques for detecting indications ofthe disease or health effects exposure to a substancelinked to a particular disease or adverse health effects



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Step 8 – Provide Employees with Suitable

Information- Instruction - Training

Legal requirement to provide in a format likely

to be understood

Updated as required

Based on required level of competency

General Approach – Low Level

Hazard specific – WELs

Provided by a competent person



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Information-Instruction-Training

Details of the hazards associated with work Risks created by exposure

Significant findings of risk assessments

Access to MSDSs

Appropriate safety precautions

PPE requirements

Findings of any health surveillance

First aid/emergency arrangements

Arrangements for reporting of defects or faults

G ld R l f S f



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Golden Rules for Safety

Always check labels before use

Only store in suitable and labelled containers

Store chemicals in a secure area

Never mix chemicals without appropriate advice & guidance Always wear appropriate PPE correctly

Clear up spillages immediately

Follow Safe Systems of Work

Report any symptoms of ill health immediately

Report any operational or equipment failures

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Chemicals mix-up could have ended in disaster

A chemical distribution company in Leicestershirefound itself in the dock after an employee unwittingly

mixed two chemicals together during a routine tidy-up,

causing toxic and potentially explosive fumes to billow

around the company’s yard, close to the M1 Worker severely burned by chemical spill

Lack of protective clothing and bad practice led to a

broken bottle containing corrosive chemicals severelyburning an employee of Wellingborough chemical

manufacturer, Mining and Chemical Products.



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