Hallucinogenic Agent

8/8/2019 Hallucinogenic Agent

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HALLUCINOGENIC AGENT

Hallucination is a false sense perception

without any external object or stimulusto produce it. They are purely imaginary,and may affect any or all the specialsenses.


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CAUSE HALLUCINATION


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TYPES OF HALLUCINATIONS


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CLASSIFICATION OF



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INDOLE AMINES


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HALLUCINOGENSA. LSD

B. PEYOTE

C. MESCALINE

D. PHENCYCLIDINE (PCP)


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A.LSD

LSD, chemically known as lysergic acid diethylamide, is

synthesized from rye ergot. It is tasteless, odourless, and

the most potent, widely used hallucinogenic drug, havinga powerful effect in minute doses. It is available in the

form of clear liquid, thin squares of gelatin, and pills of

varying size and colours. It is usually taken on a sugar

cube or by putting a drop on a blotter paper and licking it

when the drug effect is desired. Thin squares of gelatinand clear liquid can be put in the eyes, and the pills can be

eaten.

HALLUCINOGENS


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B.PEYOTE

Peyote is obtained from a variety of cactus (peyotol)

plants. It is available in the form of hard brown

discs, tablets, and capsules. It can be chewed.Swallowed, taken in tea, or smoked. It is not as

potent as LSD. It is used by tribal Indians of the arid

regions for their religious ceremonies

HALLUCINOGENS


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C.MESCALINE

Mescaline is another hallucinogen derived from

the peyotol plant. Its availability, use, and effects

are similar those of peyote.

HALLUCINOGENS


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D.PHENCYCLIDINE (PCP)

Phencyclidine (PCP, angel dust, killer weed) is

available in the form of liquid, white crystalline

powder, capsules, and pills. It can be taken orally,smoked, and injected

HALLUCINOGENS


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HALLUCINOGENS

Symptoms and signs of use: unusual hilarity, emotional

swings, hallucinations, suspiciousness, bizarre behavior,

synaesthesia, nausea, vomiting, widely dilated pupils,

insomnia, tremors, vertigo, headache, psychotic reactions,

bad trips, flash-backs.

Fatal dose & period: uncertain, Not Known

Treatment: Limit stimulation, tranquilizers, symptomaticmeasures, psychotherapy.

Medicolegal aspects: Accidental, Suicidal, Homicidal, Habit

forming


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CANNABIS INDICA

Also known as cannabis sativa or Indian hemp in India, Dagga

in South and Central Africa, and hashish in Egypt, this plant

grows all over India, and all its parts are poisonous. Itscultivation is restricted by law. The active principle is not an

alkaloid but a fat soluble oleoresin, cannabinol

(tetrahydrocannabinol-THC).


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TYPES OF CANNABIS INDICA

The following four forms.

BHANG M AJUN GANJA

CHARAS


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BHANG

Also known as sidhi, patti, or sabji., it is prepared from the

dried leaves and fruit shoots which are used as an infusion

in the form of a beverage. It contains the active principlein a concentration of 15% and is the least potent.


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MAJUN

This is a sweetmeat made with bhang. It produces

grandiose delusions, in addition to all the effects of bhang


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GANJA

This consists of the following tops of the female plant,

specially grown so that there is a large amount of resinous

exudates. It contains the active principle in aconcentration of about 25 per cent. The resine has a rusty

green color and characteristics odour.


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CHARAS

Also known as hashish, it is the resinous exudates from

the leaves and stems of the plant. It is of dark green or

brown color. It is smoked with tobacco in a pipe ofhookah and is the most potent of all cannabis

preparations, containing the active principle in a

concentration varying between 25-40 per cent.


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CANABIS INDICA

Symptoms and sign: Toxic preparation are: bhang,majun, ganja, and charas. Euphoria, visual, hallucinations,

drowsiness, deep sleep, coma. In chronic poisoning,

wekness, moral and mental deterioration, loss of sexual

power, insanity.Fatal dose & period: 10gms of bhang, 8gms of ganja, and

2 gms of charas per kg body weight, 12 hrs.

Treatment : gastric lavage. Saline purgatives. Intravenous

fluids. Oxygen and artificial respiration. Tranquilizers.Gneral measures.

Medicolegal aspects: accidental stupefying for roadside

robbery, kidnapping , and rape. Running amok. Addiction

problems.


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MECHANISM OF ACTION


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Hallucinogenic Agent

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