SUBMITTED BY-ARPIT DWIVEDIROLL NO. 1113231056B.TECH FINAL YEAR ECE

SUBMITTED TO ELECTRONICS DEPARTMENT

An Industrialinteraction

PRESENTATIONON

SPECIAL TEST EQUIPMENT GROUP

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

DIVISIONS OF HAL

PRODUCT OF HAL

CUSTOMAR FROFILE

SPECIAL TEST EQUIPMENT GROUP

MULTI METER

FUNCTION GENERATOR

OSCILLOSCOPE

FLIGHT DATA RECORDER (FDR)

CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION TO HINDUSTAN AERONAUTICS LIMITED

HINDUSTAN AERONAUTICS LIMITED CAME INTO EXISTENCE ON 1ST OCTOBER 1964.

THE COMPANY WAS FORMED BY THE MERGER OF “HINDUSTAN AIRCRAFT LIMITED” WITH “AERONAUTICS INDIA LIMITED” AND “AIRCRAFT MANUFACTURING DEPOT, KANPUR”.

THE LATE “SETH WALCHAND HIRACHAND” ,WHO SETUP HINDUSTAN AIRCRAFT LIMITED AT BANGALORE IN ASSOCIATION WITH “ERSTWHILE PRINCLY STATE” OF MYSORE IN 1940.

DIVISIONS OF HAL

Fighter Aircraft1.Su-30 MKI2. Mig Series3.Tejas 4.Jaguar 5.MIRAGE -2000

Helicopters1.Dhruv 2.Cheetah 3.Chetak 4.Advanced Light HelicoptersUnmanned Aerial VehiclesEngines1.Lakshya PTA

Passenger Aircraft1.Dornier 2.Indian Regional Jet

Transport Aircraft1.Saras

Light Trainer Aircraft1.Kiran 2.Basant 3.Sitara

Glider1.HAL G-12.Ardhra

Satellite Launch Vehicles1.PSLV2.GSLV3.IRS4.INSAT

PRODUCTS OF HAL

CUSTOMER PROFILE

Air force

Army

Navy

Coast Guard

Flying Academics & Educational Institutions

Airlines / Air taxi / Air cargo

Defence R&D Laboratories / Department of Space

MULTI METER

What is a Digital Multimeter? A digital multimeter measures AC and/or DC voltage, resistance, and current in an electric circuit. It is highly accurate and displays an LCD number readout.

Test leads are used to connect the multimeter

to the circuit to be tested.

Test Leads

Test Lead Connections - Voltage

Plug the RED test lead into the jack labeled V/ and the BLACK test lead into the jack labeled COM (common).

The ohmmeter is used to

measure the resistance of a

component.

POWER CANNOT be

applied to the component

being tested.

The ohmmeter actually

applies a small voltage and

uses Ohm’s law to calculate

the resistance from the

measured current.

OHMMETER

Multimeter

This section measures resistance in ohms

Choose

2M

200k

20k

2k

200 ohms

Right now the leads are not touching.

What does the meter read?

What does that mean?

To measure a 220K Ohm resistor, what setting do you use?

200K?

What does the meter on the right read at the 200K setting?

A setting of 2M gives a reading of .222MΩ =

222K Ω which is within the tolerance for a 220 Ω resistor

Choose

2M

200k

20k

2k

200 ohms

Function generators provide us with different types of waveforms with different amplitudes and at different frequencies

The waves provided commonly are:

• Sine wave

• Triangular wave

• Saw tooth wave

• Square wave

Bi-Stable Multi-vibrator:

Two stable states (L+& L-)

vo=L+, when vi=VTH=-(R1/R2)L-

vo=L-, when vi=VTL=-(R1/R2)L+

R1=10 kΩ (variable)

R2=4 kΩ (fixed)

Both resistors to set the Thresholds which is actually amplitude of triangular wave

Iv

Vi (Vo of integrator) Vo

Integrator: Integrating the square wave to

produce triangular wave. Triangular wave at the output is

serving as trigger for B.M. The peak values of the triangular

wave are VTH and VTL. R=1 MΩ (variable, theoretical

design),(100 KΩ practically) C=0.01uF (Fixed) C and R providing time constant

to reach thresholds. Change R to vary frequency of

triangular wave

vi , vo of B.M.

vo

Inverting Amplifier:

This amplifier is basically acting as an attenuator

R4=1 kΩ (variable feedback resistor)

R3=1 kΩ (fixed resistor)

Output of B.M. is square wave with peak amplitudes as L+ and L-.

So for different amplitudes we need to attenuate it.

The circuit attenuates the square wave as closed loop gain –(R2/R1) will always be less than or equal to 1.

vi, sq wave vo, sq wave

Sine wave shaping network:

Input is triangular wave.

Input is straight line.

Due to exponential relation of the current in diodes, the straight line is converted into curve.

As there are two diodes for positive cycle as well as negative cycle, the output will be approximately a sine wave with three segments.

19

• What is an Oscilloscope?

Introduction A graph-displaying device of electrical signal

X axis: Time

Y axis: Voltage

Z axis: Intensity or brightness

20

Introduction Information given by oscilloscopes

Time and voltage

Frequency and phase

DC and AC components

Spectral analysis

Rise and fall time

Mathematical analysis

21

Control panel of an oscilloscope Vertical Section

Horizontal Section

Trigger Section

22

Basic setting Vertical system

attenuation or amplification of signal (volts/div)

Horizontal system

The Time base (sec/div)

Trigger system

To stabilize a repeating signal and to trigger on a single event

23

Analog oscilloscope Real-time display of signals

Block diagram

Sweep generator and vertical amplifier

Earthquake recorder

24

Digital oscilloscope Capture and view events

Digital storage oscilloscope (DSO)

25

Digital oscilloscope (contd.)

26

Sampling

Interpolation

The Black Box is a flight recorder used to record specific

aircraft performance parameters.

The first prototype FDR was produced in 1956 by Dr. David Warren of the then Aeronautical Research

Laboratories of Melbourne, Australia

INSIDE THE BLACK BOX :

Flight Data Recorder (FDR)

Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR)

The Flight data recorder (FDR) is designed to

record the operating data from the plane's

systems.

Parameters Recorded By Most FDRs:

Time

Pressure altitude

Airspeed

Vertical acceleration

Magnetic heading

Control-column position

Rudder-pedal position

Control-wheel position

Horizontal stabilizer

Fuel flow

Technology used for Recording and Storage:

Magnetic Tape

Solid-State Technology

Built To Survive:In many airline

accidents, the only devices that

survive are the Crash-survivable

memory units(CSMUs) of the

flight data recorders and cockpit voice

recorders. Typically, the rest of the recorders' chassis and inner components are

mangled.

Retrieving Information:

STEG is a company wide managerial tool that makes high quality Goods and Services your most important competitive edge now and in the future.

Through total Quality with the participation of all employees, including the president, any company can create better products (Service) at a lower cast, increase sales, improved profit and make the company into a better organisation.

It is a proud privilege to join HAL as a Vocational Trainee and to work in Navratna organisation, which provides support to Manufacture Defence Products, Fighter Trainer and Transport aircrafts.

CONCLUSION

Thank You

Any Queries??