Hairstyles in African Culture

8/11/2019 Hairstyles in African Culture

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HAIRSTYLES IN AFRICAN CULTUREThe evidence of Greek writer Lucian (ca. 120190 AD), the satirist from Samosata in his writingintroduces two Greeks, Lycinus and Timolaus, who start a conversation:

Lycinus (describing a young Egyptian): "This boy is not merely black; he has thick lips and his legs aretoo thin . . . his hair worn in a plait behindshows that he is not a freeman."

Timolaus: "But that is a sign of really distinguished birth in Egypt, Lycinus, All freeborn children plait theirhair until they reach manhood. It is the exact opposite of the custom of our ancestors who thought itseemly for old men to secure their hair with a gold brooch to keep it in place." (Lucian, Navigations, paras2-3)

A recently discovered papyrus from Egypt informs us that Myron the Greek sculptor of the middle 5thcentury BC. made statues of the athlete Timanthes, victorious at Olympia in 456 BC, and of Lycinus,victorious in 448 and 444 BC.

Royal child with plait;New New Kingdom ancient Egypt (In Egypt, thePharaohs children wore a distinctive plait on the right side of the head)

African civilization had variety of different hairstyles.A lot of person still wearing,inspiring ancient Africanhairstyles in the world.They had symbolic hairstyles because of tribal traditions.

Hairstyles in Africa and among African Americans are ever-changing, yet deeply rooted in a shared past.
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Bodi tribe woman haircut Ethiopia

Hairdressing in Africa is always the work of trusted friends or relatives. In addition to the amiable socialaspects of the event, the hair, in the hands of an enemy, could become an ingredient in the production ofa dangerous charm or "medicine" that would injure the owner.

For those of you who would be interested in seeing how our hair ideas and styles have developed andwhat it means, i have put an article which I think was well written and to the point. Enjoy! Inputs andcomments are welcome!

Ask almost any black woman and she will probably tell you that her relationship with her hair is similar toa love affair. Whether its the long hours spent waiting at the hair salon, the pain endured from pressing orbraiding, or the amount of money spenthair is truly an obsession. While I realize other cultures valuehair, in Black culture hair is extremely significant and often synonymous with identity. And many

individuals, such as Don King, Bob Marley, and Angela Davis have used their hair to make a statement.
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Boy with plait (ozondato and ondengura neckband,Himba, Namibia, AfricaPhoto dated: Anneliese Scherz, 1940's

As a member of the Black culture, I admit we often take the significance and maintenance of hair toanother level. But this is not of our own will. In fact, the importance of hair in the Black community can betraced back to our African ancestors.

And the history of the affair begins.... The origin of this love affair can be traced back to Africa. It seemsonly natural that the affair would begin here, since most blacks were transported from the west coast ofAfrica. Although the textures of their hair varied greatly, the Africans expressed similar views on thecultural and social significance of their hair.
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Serpa Pinto, Alexandre Alberto Da Rocha De, 1846-1900, artist

Source Title: History of Mankind, by Friedrich Ratzel, translated from the second German edition by A. J.Butler, with an introduction by E. B. Tylor, Publisher: New York: Macmillan, 1896-1898.

Social significanceIn the early fifteenth century, hair served as a carrier of messages in most West African societies

(Tharps and Byrd 2001) These Africans--citizens from the Mende, Wolof, Yoruba, and Mandingowereall transported to the New World on slave ships. Within these communities, hair often communicatedage, marital status, ethnic identity, religion, wealth, and rank in the community. Hairstyles could also beused to identify a geographic region. For example, in the Wolof culture of Senegal, young girls partiallyshaved their hair as an outward symbol that they were not courting (1). And the Karamo people ofNigeria, for example, were recognized for their unique coiffurea shaved head with a single tuft of hairleft on top. (1) Likewise, widowed women would stop attending to their hair during their period ofmourning so they wouldnt look attractive to other men. And as far as community leaders were concerned,they donned elaborate hairstyles. And the royalty would often wear a hat or headpiece, as a symbol oftheir stature.
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Natives of Ugogo, east central AfricaGogo (African People)

Aesthetic significanceJust as the social significance of hair was important, so was its aesthetic appeal. According to SylviaArdyn Boone, an anthropologist who specializes in the Mende culture of Sierre Leone, West Africancommunities admire a fine head of long, thick hair on a woman. A woman with long thick hair

demonstrates the life force, the multiplying power of profusion, prosperity, a green thumb for bountifulfarms and many healthy children (Tharps and Byrd 2001) However, there was more to being beautifulthan having long tresses. Ones hair also had to be neat, clean, and arranged in a certain style. Thesestyles included, but were not limited to, cornrows, and other braided styles. They also adorned the hairwith ornaments such as beads and cowrie shells.
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Natives of Ugogo, east central Africa Gogo (African People)

Spirtual SignificanceJust as hair was elevated for social and aesthetic reasons, its spiritual connection also served to heightenits significance. Many Africans believed the hair a way to communicate with the Divine Being. Accordingto Mohamed Mbodj, an associate professor of history at Columbia University and a native of Dakar,Senegal, the hair is the most elevated point of your body, which means it is the closest to the divine.

Consequently, many thought communication passed through the hair. Many believed a single strand ofhair could be used to cast spells or inflict harm. This explains why hairdressers held and still holdprominent positions in the community. For those who do not know, styling and grooming black hair isoften complicated and time consuming. This time spent at the hairdresser often results in close bondsbetween the stylist and the client. It is important to note that unstyled" and unkempt hair was largelyunseen, as were scarves and "headwraps. Therefore, one can conclude that the hair was not meant tobe covered.
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Fante women of Elmina (Edina) in Gold coast (Ghana)with their hairstylein a wooden engraved drawing (1800-1895).

Damaging Effects of the Slave TradeAs the study of American history has revealed, the slave trade not only inflicted physical damage, but italso left emotional and psychological scars. The most devastating scar, that is still reflected today, is thatdone to the slaves self-image. This is especially true as it relates to hair and skin color. As they bothbecame the framework for determining race.
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The traditional Osun-Oshogbo African hairstyle

Slave owners often described the Africans' hair as being "woolly", thus likening them to animals. Theseand other terms would later be used to justify the inhumane treatment of the slaves. After years ofrepression and constantly seeing those with "straight hair" and "light skin" afforded better opportunities,the slaves began to internalize these words. Ultimately, self-hatred began. In an effort to educate othersabout black hair and to celebrate its diversity.
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african american hairstyle history (http://thirstyroots.com/black-hair-history/african-american-hairstyle-

history/hair-history-3)

SOME TRIBAL AFRICAN HAIRSTYLES
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Woman with complex coiffure and hair ornamentsFulani,West Africa Photo: Afrika Museum, Berg en Dal.
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Woman with coiffure in the form of a crest with ornaments and comb.Igbo,Nigeria, West Africa Photo: Afrika Museum, Berg en Dal.

A coiffure is perfected by various decorations: cowries, beads, mother-of-pearl buttons, medals, pieces ofsilver, amber balls, metal rings, and pins of wood, bone or ivory. In the West African Sahel, the Fulbe andPeul (Fulani) cultivate impressive hairstyles.

For purposes to do with magic, a man or woman may also attach amulets to certain hairdos. The moreelaborate coiffure includes braids, crests, curls, cascades, chignons, and vertical cornrows.
http://nubianhairsupplies.homestead.com/mapofempires.htmlhttp://3.bp.blogspot.com/-cQ_2OmtsPMg/UElx1GZTBKI/AAAAAAAABiY/_Stl9dnJiTM/s1600/hair2lg.jpghttp://nubianhairsupplies.homestead.com/mapofempires.html


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West Africa Photo: Afrika Museum, Berg en Dal.

Through the terms braiding, twisting, plaiting, and reverse braiding are often interchangeably, theyactually describe different means of styling the hair.
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Woman with achild from northern Dan village of Biankuma, Ivory Coast, West AfricaPhoto: Vandenhoute, 1938-39, IV.F.V. 89-10

The variety of the coiffures is apparent once again in the picture of a woman and child from Biankuma(northern Dan). The woman's high forehead, lined with a braids at each side, between the ear and thecheek.The child on its mother's arm has short-trimmed hair but also a braid turned forward on top of its head.
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Wife of the Niao chief at Ganya in We- territory of Ivory Coast, West Africa.Photo: Vandenhoute, 1938-39, IV.F.VII. 134-10.

The coiffure of the wife is very artful: her high, arched forehead is lined with a series of braids that end inthe neck, while the top of her head is covered with many separated braids that are interwoven at theback, creating an excellent chignon at the base of the neck. The two braids descend along her face.
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Men's hairdressing, Sango, Upper Mobangi River, Democratic Republic of Congo.Photo: The Minister of Colonies, Belgium, early 20th century.
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Nasara, one of the wives of Akenge with typical fan-shaped style of the Zande, Democratic

Republic of Congo.Photo: Herbert Lang Expedition, 1909-1915.

The wive's of the Zande rulers south of Bomokandi wore their hair in a style that, like the Mangbetucoiffures, involved braiding their own hair along with "foreign" strands in the shape of a disc. This coiffure,call bagbadi, was in fact a fan-shaped wig, but was rarely taken off. The disc was attached to the hair witha few loose knots.Photo and text from the bookHair in African Art and Culture,Edit by Roy Sieber and Frank Herreman,The Museum for African Art, New York, 2000
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Two women whose braids have been lengthened to their ankles through the use of

sinew(eefipa) extensions, Mbalantu of Wambo group, Namibia, AfricaPhoto: M.Schettler, 1940's
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Woman with feather and other hair ornaments, Oulad-Hamid, Sudan.Photo: Bernatzik, first half of 20th century.
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Visit the historical and archaeological sites ofAxum (Aksum). The ancient city marks the location of

the heart of ancient Ethiopia, when the kingdom of Axum was the most powerful state between theeastern Roman empire and Persia. The archaeological and historical attractions in Axum include: thearchaeological museum, the magnificent monolithic steles and obelisks, the tombs of King Kaleb andKing Gebre Meskal, the legendary bath of Queen of Sheba and the ruins of her palace. The 16th centurycathedral St. Mary of Zion, the holiest church in Ethiopia is said to host the original Ark of the Covenant.The churches and monasteries of Axum are richly endowed with icons and historical crowns of ancientemperors.Source:African Adventure Tours
http://wysinger.homestead.com/aksum.htmlhttp://nubianhairsupplies.homestead.com/aat-1129_historic_route-omo_valley_tribes-simien_mountains_1_.pdfhttp://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BF_onpzGrTw/UEl8R_JohWI/AAAAAAAABkQ/zcmmzFFoMtE/s1600/axumhairstyle.jpghttp://nubianhairsupplies.homestead.com/aat-1129_historic_route-omo_valley_tribes-simien_mountains_1_.pdfhttp://wysinger.homestead.com/aksum.html


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Historically, Nigerians hairstyles symbolized certain things.

Girlwith traditional hairstyle and tribal scarring , Sirigu , Upper East.
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Mangbetu hairstyle
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Braid-Styles
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A unique hairstyle of Fante Gold Coast women. (1895).
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Traditional hairstyle
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traditional hairstyle,Central African Republic
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Afro-Colombian hairstyle
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Alicia Keys,creative Afrcan hairstyle
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Hairstyle of Himba tribe`s boy from Namibia
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"Nwoba enyiwa" (Snail`s Eye) Hairstyle from Ghana
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Mwila tribe girl,Angola
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Mende woman
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Gold Coast (Ghana) fante women
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Gold Coast (Ghana) Fante fashionable woman
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Bodi woman


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Gold Coast (Ghana) Fante woman
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Bodi boy


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Bodi girl


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Bedik men hairstyle
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Dinka and Nuer Hairstyle
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Bamana woman hairstyle
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Dassanech hairstyle
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Congo hair
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Congo hair
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Akan hairstyle
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Ethiopia
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Fulani
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Gurunshi Hairstyle
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Karamojong Hairstyle
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Turkana Hairstyle
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Himba hairstyle
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Mende hairstyle
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Karamojong hairstyle
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Hamer hairstyle
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Karamojong
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Turkana
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Pokot
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Mursi
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Masaai
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Skavalava Hairstyle
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Dassanech
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-NdFO7uio9vA/UgKblrJQTEI/AAAAAAAAPLI/FsKVPHJMnXU/s1600/dassann.jpg


79/86

Kalenjin
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-TbiMOXV-wrw/UgKhV_VSQGI/AAAAAAAAPOY/QBZVeWzgJqQ/s1600/kalenjin.jpg


80/86
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/--SeByTXKvAM/UgKhmKnieBI/AAAAAAAAPOg/3a7J8XPEHBU/s1600/ONLY.jpg


81/86

Tsemay Hairstyle,Ethiopia
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oiPcRDvhDsE/UgKiXhEtyOI/AAAAAAAAPOw/wJFdyPKK5V0/s1600/tsemay+hairstyle.jpg


82/86

Zulu hairstyle
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-XiAs3xvDF2s/UgKKgVGUqBI/AAAAAAAAPGA/Lj3v1kW1uC4/s1600/Zulu+Hat+Hairstyle+Albumen.jpg


83/86

Soho
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-UvkTc1RUMQA/UgKh91aJvmI/AAAAAAAAPOo/TP8c1M5Hjp0/s1600/soho+hairstyle.jpg


84/86

Bodi girl


85/86

kavango hairstyle
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-f2ppFPF0QmQ/UEo5crfpBNI/AAAAAAAABpQ/KW0gOgBxS6c/s1600/Book+Hair-Styles,+Head-Dresses+&+Ornaments+of+Namibia+and+Southern+Angola+B.jpg


86/86
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-reK_feGaHlI/UEwIBtCuvkI/AAAAAAAABug/Pw4NgDe6NBg/s1600/miss.jpg

Hairstyles in African Culture

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Transcript of Hairstyles in African Culture