Key Terms Defined• Colonialism - a monopoly exercised by the leaders of an

imperialist country, usually based on economic pressures in the dependent country or territory

• Colonization – the establishment of colonies in a place other than the homeland

• Culture - manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively

• Hegemony - leadership or dominance of one country or social group over others

• Imperialism - a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force

Capstone Integrative Project

The Colonial Project: Language and Colonizationin East Africa

• Comparison of Kenya and Tanzania• 20th century colonial & post-colonial periods• English and Swahili are official languages in each

country

Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o(1938--)

Frantz Fanon(1925-1961)

Results of Research: Similarities• Missionaries started the

colonizing process• Swahili was imposed in

education, then English followed

• Swahili was a language of wider communication

• Hierarchy of languages: English > Swahili > local

• Educated elite vs. the common colonized subjects

Results of Research: Differences

Colonial Kenya• Aggressively oppressed by

British• Bloody struggle for

independence

Independent Kenya• Little change from colonial

period• English widely spoken

Colonial Tanzania• Relatively peaceful

relations with British• Non-violent gain of

independence

Independent Tanzania• Revulsion of British culture

& remnants of colonialism• Swahili widely spoken

Creating an Independent Major

• The Proposal http://pages.stolaf.edu/cis-treyelts/

– Themes• Literature and oral tradition• Variations of history• Cultural mixing • Colonialism

– Questions• How is Africa portrayed? Is this accurate?• Good and bad effects of colonialism?

Required Courses• ART 269, African Art History • ENGL 206, Top: South African Literature • ENGL 211, Hemingway in East Africa• ENGL 399, Sem: West African Feminist Literature• FREN 232B, Intermediate French II• HIST 151, Slavery in African History• HIST 189A, Top: Women in African Colonial History• HIST 292, Muslim Societies in Sub-Saharan Africa• HIST 298, IS/Slavery West Africa • MUSIC 237, World Music • SOAN 236, The Arab World • SOAN 398, IR: Gender and Sexuality in the Maghreb

Women in African Colonial History

• African feminist literature• Colonial literature on Africa– Primary sources– Secondary sources

• Historical methodology– Oral tradition– Life history method

French 232• Francophone Africa and Caribbean

• Themes– Identity– Colonialism– Negritude

Hemingway in East Africa

Serengeti

Lake Manyara

Mto wa Mbu

Ngorongoro Crater

Habitat for Humanity - Senegal

Web Portfolio

http://pages.stolaf.edu/cis-treyelts/

Colonialism• Neo-colonialism – new form of colonialism, using

capitalist and cultural imperialism to oppress another country

• Neo-colonial vs. Post-colonial era

• Strategic placement of power with educated elite

• Political corruption in African governments

• Cultural exchange vs. colonialism

• My potential perpetuation of colonialism

• We must acknowledge the issues

Future Plans

Michigan State UniversityPhD program in African History