GUIDE AND TIPS TO GUIDE AND TIPS TO EFFICIENT AND EFFICIENT AND

ECONOMICAL AIR ECONOMICAL AIR CONDITIONINGCONDITIONING

What is 'Air Conditioning'? What is 'Air Conditioning'?

Air Conditioning is the simultaneous control Air Conditioning is the simultaneous control of Temperature, Humidity, Motion & Purity of Temperature, Humidity, Motion & Purity

of the atmosphere in confined Space.of the atmosphere in confined Space.

What are the Requirements of What are the Requirements of comfort Air Conditioning? comfort Air Conditioning?

Supply of Oxygen & removal of Carbon-di-Supply of Oxygen & removal of Carbon-di-oxide. oxide.

Removal Of heat dissipated by the occupants. Removal Of heat dissipated by the occupants. Removal of moisture dissipated by the Removal of moisture dissipated by the

occupants. occupants. To provide sufficient air movement & air To provide sufficient air movement & air

distribution in the confined space. distribution in the confined space. To maintain the purity of air by removing odour To maintain the purity of air by removing odour

& dust & dust

What is Air Conditioning load? What is Air Conditioning load? Any heat generated with in the space to be Any heat generated with in the space to be

air-conditioned forms a load on the air air-conditioned forms a load on the air conditioning system. conditioning system.

Examples: Occupants, Lights, Fans, Examples: Occupants, Lights, Fans, Photocopier, Stabilizers, Computers, TV's Photocopier, Stabilizers, Computers, TV's etc.., Heat also enters the enclosed space etc.., Heat also enters the enclosed space from outside through walls, glass windows, from outside through walls, glass windows, roof, open doors, etc. roof, open doors, etc.

What are the types of Air What are the types of Air Conditioning? Conditioning?

Summer Air ConditioningSummer Air Conditioning - To reduce the heat - To reduce the heat & moisture Content of the air by cooling De-& moisture Content of the air by cooling De-humidification. humidification.

Winter Air ConditioningWinter Air Conditioning - To increase the heat - To increase the heat & moisture content of air by heating & moisture content of air by heating Humidification Humidification

Year Round Air ConditioningYear Round Air Conditioning - To control - To control temperature & moisture content of the air temperature & moisture content of the air throughout the year as per the climatic throughout the year as per the climatic changes. changes.

What are the types of Air What are the types of Air Conditioning systems? Conditioning systems?

Unitary air Conditioning Systems Unitary air Conditioning Systems

Window Air ConditionerWindow Air Conditioner

Split Air Conditioner Split Air Conditioner

Central Air Conditioning Systems Central Air Conditioning Systems

Package Unit Package Unit

Central Plants Central Plants

What is meant by Ton of What is meant by Ton of Refrigeration (TR)? Refrigeration (TR)?

Ton of refrigeration is the amount of heat Ton of refrigeration is the amount of heat removed to convert 1000Kgs of water at ' removed to convert 1000Kgs of water at ' zero' degrees Celsius into Ice in 24 hrs. In zero' degrees Celsius into Ice in 24 hrs. In other words. other words.

One Ton of refrigeration is the capacity to One Ton of refrigeration is the capacity to remove 3000 Kilo Calories (12,000 Btu) of remove 3000 Kilo Calories (12,000 Btu) of heat per hour from the conditioned space. heat per hour from the conditioned space.

What is BTU? What is BTU?

The British Thermal Unit (BTU) is defined The British Thermal Unit (BTU) is defined as the amount of heat required to raise or as the amount of heat required to raise or lower one pound of water to one degree lower one pound of water to one degree Fahrenheit Fahrenheit

What is Kilo Calorie?What is Kilo Calorie?

It is the amount of heat required to raise It is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1000 grams of water by the temperature of 1000 grams of water by 1 degree C.1 degree C.

What is Comfort Air-Conditioning?What is Comfort Air-Conditioning?

1.1. Temperature :- 24 + 2 Degree Celsius Temperature :- 24 + 2 Degree Celsius DBT. (Dry Bulb Temp)DBT. (Dry Bulb Temp)

2.2. RH :- 50 + 10% RH. (Relative Humidity)RH :- 50 + 10% RH. (Relative Humidity)

Dry Bulb Temperature (DBT), Wet Dry Bulb Temperature (DBT), Wet Bulb Temperature (WBT), and Bulb Temperature (WBT), and

Relative Humidity (RH)? Relative Humidity (RH)? Dry Bulb Temperature:Dry Bulb Temperature: The temperature The temperature

of air measured by ordinaryof air measured by ordinarythermometer is known as Dry Bulb thermometer is known as Dry Bulb Temperature. Temperature.

Wet Bulb Temperature:Wet Bulb Temperature: The temperature The temperature measured by the thermometer when its measured by the thermometer when its bulb is covered with Wet Cloth & exposed bulb is covered with Wet Cloth & exposed to airflow is known as Wet Bulb to airflow is known as Wet Bulb Temperature. When the difference Temperature. When the difference between DBT and WBT is Zero, the air between DBT and WBT is Zero, the air becomes fully saturated (100 % RH). becomes fully saturated (100 % RH).

Relative HumidityRelative Humidity : The relative humidity is : The relative humidity is defined as the ratio of actual mass defined as the ratio of actual mass of water vapour in a given volume to the of water vapour in a given volume to the mass of water vapour if the air is saturated mass of water vapour if the air is saturated at the same temperature. RH = Mass of at the same temperature. RH = Mass of the water vapour actually present in a the water vapour actually present in a volume of air at T degree C. Mass of the volume of air at T degree C. Mass of the water vapour required to saturate the same water vapour required to saturate the same volume of air at T degree C . volume of air at T degree C .

Functions of various components Functions of various components used in an air conditioner used in an air conditioner

ThermostatThermostat - Its function is to controls the room - Its function is to controls the room temperature as per the settings by cutting in & temperature as per the settings by cutting in & off the compressor. off the compressor.

Rotary switch - It is through the rotary switch the Rotary switch - It is through the rotary switch the desired mode of operation is selected (i.e.) Off, desired mode of operation is selected (i.e.) Off, Fan, Super quiet, Normal, High cool etc. Fan, Super quiet, Normal, High cool etc.

Running Capacitor - The Function of running Running Capacitor - The Function of running capacitor is to store the current & thereby capacitor is to store the current & thereby maintain constant supply of current to the maintain constant supply of current to the compressor. compressor.

Functions of various components Functions of various components used in an air conditionerused in an air conditioner

Starting CapacitorStarting Capacitor - The function of starting - The function of starting capacitor is to increase the starting torque of the capacitor is to increase the starting torque of the compressor. compressor.

Starting relayStarting relay - The function of starting relay is to - The function of starting relay is to disconnect the starting capacitor from the circuit disconnect the starting capacitor from the circuit as soon as the compressor reaches the rated as soon as the compressor reaches the rated speed. speed.

Fan BlowerFan Blower - The function of starting relay is to - The function of starting relay is to disconnect the starting capacitor from the circuit disconnect the starting capacitor from the circuit as soon as the compressor reaches the rated as soon as the compressor reaches the rated speed. speed.

Functions of various components Functions of various components used in an air conditionerused in an air conditioner

Condenser Fan BladeCondenser Fan Blade - It sucks the atmospheric air - It sucks the atmospheric air through sides of the outer cabinet and the same is through sides of the outer cabinet and the same is made to pass through the condenser to take the heat made to pass through the condenser to take the heat from the refrigerant flowing through it. from the refrigerant flowing through it.

Fan MotorFan Motor - It rotates the condenser fan blade and - It rotates the condenser fan blade and blower for handling the air at condenser and blower for handling the air at condenser and evaporator side. In case of split air conditioner two fan evaporator side. In case of split air conditioner two fan motors are used. (One at the condensing unit and the motors are used. (One at the condensing unit and the other at the evaporator unit) other at the evaporator unit)

Oscillation MotorOscillation Motor - This helps to circulate the cold air - This helps to circulate the cold air uniformly into the room with the help of the oscillation uniformly into the room with the help of the oscillation louvers. louvers.

Why water drips from an Air Why water drips from an Air Conditioner?Conditioner?

It is due to the condensation of moisture It is due to the condensation of moisture present in the room airpresent in the room air

Where split air conditioners can be Where split air conditioners can be installed? installed?

It can be installed where window AC's It can be installed where window AC's cannot be installed. cannot be installed.

It can be installed in places where the It can be installed in places where the aesthetics is the first priority.aesthetics is the first priority.

It can be installed in places where the It can be installed in places where the noise level is to be minimum. noise level is to be minimum.

Does an AC require any Does an AC require any accessory?accessory?

Considering the voltage fluctuations in Considering the voltage fluctuations in most parts of Pakistan, a voltage stabilizer most parts of Pakistan, a voltage stabilizer is recommended wherever there are is recommended wherever there are drastic fluctuations in power.drastic fluctuations in power.

Tips to prepare an office for Tips to prepare an office for efficient air conditioning? efficient air conditioning?

Minimize the entry of sun's heat into the Minimize the entry of sun's heat into the conditioned space.conditioned space.

Prevent leakage of cooled air to the outside. Prevent leakage of cooled air to the outside. Insulating exposed roof.Insulating exposed roof.

Using sun film, curtains or Venetian blinds on Using sun film, curtains or Venetian blinds on doors /windows.doors /windows.

All corners & edges around joinery (doors & All corners & edges around joinery (doors & windows) are sealed airtightwindows) are sealed airtight

Doors and windows closed perfectlyDoors and windows closed perfectly Door closers are fitted on the doors that are Door closers are fitted on the doors that are

used frequently.used frequently. Opening of doors & windows minimized Opening of doors & windows minimized

Other TipsOther Tips Use the correct voltage. Using voltage other Use the correct voltage. Using voltage other

than that specified will damage the unit. Or than that specified will damage the unit. Or install a voltage stabiliser. install a voltage stabiliser.

Check the power plug. If the power plug is not Check the power plug. If the power plug is not inserted tightly or if there is inserted tightly or if there is any damage to the power cord, it could result in any damage to the power cord, it could result in leakage or electrical shock. leakage or electrical shock.

Use only correct fuses of the proper amperage. Use only correct fuses of the proper amperage. If using rewirable fuse, use only the correct fuse If using rewirable fuse, use only the correct fuse wire as fire or an electrical hazard may occur. wire as fire or an electrical hazard may occur.

Other TipsOther Tips Do not put hands or objects into the discharge grille of Do not put hands or objects into the discharge grille of

the unit. These units have a fan running at high speed. the unit. These units have a fan running at high speed. It is very dangerous to touch the fan.It is very dangerous to touch the fan.

When unplugging the power plug, do not pull it by When unplugging the power plug, do not pull it by power cord. The power cord can be damaged and power cord. The power cord can be damaged and cause electrical shock. cause electrical shock.

Keep heat sources away from the unit; high Keep heat sources away from the unit; high temperatures can cause damage. temperatures can cause damage.

Set a comfortable temperature. Very low temperature Set a comfortable temperature. Very low temperature setting considerably increases power consumption. setting considerably increases power consumption.

Other TipsOther Tips

In summer, prevent direct sunlight from entering In summer, prevent direct sunlight from entering the room; draw curtains or blinds the room; draw curtains or blinds

Do not obstruct the front discharge grille of either Do not obstruct the front discharge grille of either side of the units. This will decrease air-flow, side of the units. This will decrease air-flow, reduce the cooling effect and result in unit reduce the cooling effect and result in unit malfunction. malfunction.

Do not use flammable sprays near the unit. The Do not use flammable sprays near the unit. The unit can be damaged by petrol, thinners and unit can be damaged by petrol, thinners and other chemical agents. other chemical agents.

How to reduce power consumption How to reduce power consumption while maximizing comfort? while maximizing comfort?

These economy tips can help maximize comfort These economy tips can help maximize comfort and reduce power consumption. and reduce power consumption.

Set thermostat to a setting consistent with the Set thermostat to a setting consistent with the comfort level you desire. Once you have comfort level you desire. Once you have determined the setting, do not change. determined the setting, do not change.

Keep the filter clean. Normally, cleaning once Keep the filter clean. Normally, cleaning once every month should be adequate but depending every month should be adequate but depending upon the environment, more frequent cleaning upon the environment, more frequent cleaning may be necessary. The filter is efficient in may be necessary. The filter is efficient in trapping airborne particles and on inspection trapping airborne particles and on inspection may reveal the need for cleaning. may reveal the need for cleaning.

How to reduce power consumption How to reduce power consumption while maximizing comfort?while maximizing comfort?

Use drapes, shades, Venetian blinds etc. to Use drapes, shades, Venetian blinds etc. to prevent direct sunlight from heating the room. prevent direct sunlight from heating the room.

Keep doors and windows properly shut.Keep doors and windows properly shut.

Do not block the front of the unit with furniture or Do not block the front of the unit with furniture or other articles. other articles.

Remember: Even without the above, your air Remember: Even without the above, your air conditioner is designed to be highly energy conditioner is designed to be highly energy efficient. efficient.

Operating ConsiderationsOperating Considerations Most of the domestic split units are designed to operate Most of the domestic split units are designed to operate

with a power supply of 230 Volts; 50 Hz; single phase. with a power supply of 230 Volts; 50 Hz; single phase.

Supply voltage should be within 187 to 235 Volts. In Supply voltage should be within 187 to 235 Volts. In case there is variation beyond this range, a voltage case there is variation beyond this range, a voltage stabilizer is required to be used. stabilizer is required to be used.

Condensation on grille may occur on busy humid days. Condensation on grille may occur on busy humid days. Keep doors and windows properly closed to prevent Keep doors and windows properly closed to prevent outside humid air from entering the room. outside humid air from entering the room.

Most domestic air conditioners are designed to operate Most domestic air conditioners are designed to operate up to 46°C outside temperature, provided the room up to 46°C outside temperature, provided the room temperature does not exceed 27°C. However, the temperature does not exceed 27°C. However, the capacity is rated at 35°C outdoor temperature and capacity is rated at 35°C outdoor temperature and 27°Croom temperature.27°Croom temperature.

Care and Maintenance TipsCare and Maintenance Tips Cleaning the Filter:Cleaning the Filter: Before cleaning the air Before cleaning the air

filter, turn the air conditioner off. A clogged filter, turn the air conditioner off. A clogged filter could result in reduced cooling, frost filter could result in reduced cooling, frost on evaporator coil or tripping of the unit. on evaporator coil or tripping of the unit. Take a few minutes every month (more Take a few minutes every month (more often if necessary) to clean the filters. often if necessary) to clean the filters.

To remove the filterTo remove the filter, hold the filter frame , hold the filter frame as shown in the sketch and pull downward. as shown in the sketch and pull downward. The filter will slide out. The filter will slide out.

Care and Maintenance TipsCare and Maintenance Tips Clean the filter using a vacuum cleaner or in tap Clean the filter using a vacuum cleaner or in tap

water. Shake the filter dry. Slide it back into the water. Shake the filter dry. Slide it back into the front grille, till it clicks in place. front grille, till it clicks in place.

Cleaning the Unit:Cleaning the Unit: Clean the unit periodically to Clean the unit periodically to keep it looking new using a soft cloth dampened keep it looking new using a soft cloth dampened with mild detergent ('Teepol' is the with mild detergent ('Teepol' is the recommended detergent). Thereafter, wipe recommended detergent). Thereafter, wipe clean with a dry cloth.clean with a dry cloth.

When to clean the filter?When to clean the filter?

Filter change would depend on the usage, Filter change would depend on the usage, pollutant present in the environment etc. pollutant present in the environment etc.

Its ideal to clean the filter once every Its ideal to clean the filter once every fortnight in running water under normal fortnight in running water under normal environmental conditions. environmental conditions.

When to change the filter?When to change the filter?

Ideally a filter should last for Ideally a filter should last for 2400 running hours2400 running hours

Care and Maintenance TipsCare and Maintenance TipsPrecautions:Precautions: Do not use bleaching powder, hot water, thinner, Do not use bleaching powder, hot water, thinner,

petrol or any other chemical for cleaning. This will petrol or any other chemical for cleaning. This will damage the unit. Use only a damp, soapy towel.damage the unit. Use only a damp, soapy towel.

Do not wash or pour water onto the unit to avoid Do not wash or pour water onto the unit to avoid serious electrical shock. Do not use abrasive power serious electrical shock. Do not use abrasive power resulting in damage of the unit.resulting in damage of the unit.

Turn the main switch off before cleaning. Turn the main switch off before cleaning. Avoid continuous direct airflow on occupants Avoid continuous direct airflow on occupants

particularly in case of infants and patients. particularly in case of infants and patients. When not in use, switch off the electric supply to the When not in use, switch off the electric supply to the

unit.unit.

Operating Considerations for Operating Considerations for Indoor High Wall UnitIndoor High Wall Unit

The air conditioner will not operate if curtains, doors or The air conditioner will not operate if curtains, doors or other materials block the signals from the remote other materials block the signals from the remote controller to unit.controller to unit.

If the infra-red signal receiver on the unit is exposed to If the infra-red signal receiver on the unit is exposed to direct sunlight, the air conditioner may not work direct sunlight, the air conditioner may not work properly. Draw the curtains to avoid direct sunlight. properly. Draw the curtains to avoid direct sunlight.

Avoid spilling liquid on to the remote control or dropping Avoid spilling liquid on to the remote control or dropping it. This can cause deformation, discoloration and it. This can cause deformation, discoloration and malfunction.malfunction.

A mounting bracket for the remote control is normally A mounting bracket for the remote control is normally supplied with the unit. Install the mounting bracket on supplied with the unit. Install the mounting bracket on the wall 30-cm below the receiver of the unit. the wall 30-cm below the receiver of the unit.

More Safety TipsMore Safety Tips Use the correct voltage. Using voltage other than that Use the correct voltage. Using voltage other than that

specified will damage the unit.specified will damage the unit.

Do not use the power cord as a means of turning off the Do not use the power cord as a means of turning off the unit.unit.

Do not use flammable sprays near the unit.Do not use flammable sprays near the unit.

When unplugging the power plug, do not pull it by the When unplugging the power plug, do not pull it by the power cord.power cord.

To avoid the risk of serious electrical shock, never To avoid the risk of serious electrical shock, never splash the indoor and the outdoor unit with water.splash the indoor and the outdoor unit with water.

More Safety TipsMore Safety Tips Do not put hands or objects into the discharge grille of Do not put hands or objects into the discharge grille of

the outdoor unit. These units have a fan running at very the outdoor unit. These units have a fan running at very high speed. It is very dangerous to touch the fan.high speed. It is very dangerous to touch the fan.

Use only fuses of the proper amperage.Use only fuses of the proper amperage.

Be careful to keep the room temperature comfortable. Be careful to keep the room temperature comfortable. Avoid continuous direct air-flow on the occupant, Avoid continuous direct air-flow on the occupant, especially in case of those sleeping or an occupant. especially in case of those sleeping or an occupant.

Do not obstruct the front of the discharge grille of both Do not obstruct the front of the discharge grille of both units. This will block air flow, reduce the cooling effect, units. This will block air flow, reduce the cooling effect, and may result in malfunction. and may result in malfunction.

More Safety TipsMore Safety Tips Ventilate the room air when the room becomes Ventilate the room air when the room becomes

stuffy or filled with undesirable odours. stuffy or filled with undesirable odours. Keep heat sources away from the unit. High Keep heat sources away from the unit. High

temperatures can cause damage. temperatures can cause damage. Set a comfortable temperature. Very low Set a comfortable temperature. Very low

temperature settings considerably increase temperature settings considerably increase power consumption. power consumption.

If you want to merely circulate room air, operate If you want to merely circulate room air, operate the FAN mode. the FAN mode.

Use the timer correctly to maintain comfort Use the timer correctly to maintain comfort conditions. conditions.

How important is good installation How important is good installation for energy-efficiency? for energy-efficiency?

It is very important that good installation It is very important that good installation methods are adopted for proper working of methods are adopted for proper working of air conditioner.air conditioner.

For window air conditioner it is necessary For window air conditioner it is necessary to check that there is no air leakage to check that there is no air leakage through the wooden framework. through the wooden framework.

Sufficient clearance around the unit should Sufficient clearance around the unit should be there as shown in next slide:be there as shown in next slide:

INSTALLATIONINSTALLATION

Window Air ConditionersWindow Air Conditioners

INSTALLATIONINSTALLATION SPLIT AIRCONDITIONERSPLIT AIRCONDITIONER

Indoor UnitIndoor Unit

INSTALLATIONINSTALLATION

Out door unitOut door unit

Normal Installation Errors  Normal Installation Errors  

In window A/Cs, leakage around the In window A/Cs, leakage around the frameworkframework

In splits, improper insulation , brazing and In splits, improper insulation , brazing and too many bends. too many bends.

Hence ensure that installation is done by Hence ensure that installation is done by an authorized service technician only. an authorized service technician only.

What should be the length of the What should be the length of the interconnecting pipes?interconnecting pipes?

Interconnecting pipes should not exceed limits Interconnecting pipes should not exceed limits prescribed by the equipment design.prescribed by the equipment design. Exceeding limits would lead to drop in refrigerant Exceeding limits would lead to drop in refrigerant

pressure and consequent drop in cooling pressure and consequent drop in cooling capacity.capacity.

Extra charging of gas to compensate for long Extra charging of gas to compensate for long tubing can lead to liquid refrigerant entering into tubing can lead to liquid refrigerant entering into the compressorthe compressor

Compressor oil may not return to the compressor Compressor oil may not return to the compressor leading to damage. It is better to avoid an oil leading to damage. It is better to avoid an oil drop over 7.5 ft in the suction line so that the oil drop over 7.5 ft in the suction line so that the oil returns to the compressor along with return gas. returns to the compressor along with return gas.

Permissible distance between Permissible distance between Indoor & Outdoor split A/C unitsIndoor & Outdoor split A/C units

The maximum permissible limit is that the total The maximum permissible limit is that the total length of the pipe can be around 20 m and the length of the pipe can be around 20 m and the level difference can be to an height of 8 m.level difference can be to an height of 8 m.

For optimum cooling, the indoor unit should be For optimum cooling, the indoor unit should be as close as possible to the out door unit and at as close as possible to the out door unit and at the same level.the same level.

Max length (L) should be Max length (L) should be 20 meters (66feet)20 meters (66feet) Max Height difference (H) should be Max Height difference (H) should be 8 meters 8 meters

(26feet) (26feet)