Guidanceand

counseling

BY:- FIROZ QURESHIDEPT. PSYCHIATRIC NURSING

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INTRODUCTION Guidance and counseling play a vital role in all

levels of education. Guidance and counseling will mold the total personality of an individual good teachers always interested in providing assistance to students, to help them in understanding the depth of problems and adapts necessary steps to overcome problems.

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DEFINITION• DICTIONARY MEANING- ’to guide’ means to indicate, to show

the way or to direct.• DEFINITION-• “Assistance made available by qualified and adequately trained

personnel to an individual of any age to help an individual to manage his own life activities, to develop his own points of view, make his own decisions and carry his own step to solve the problems.”

--Crow and Crow

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CHARACTERISTICS1. It help every individual to help themselves to recognize and

use their inner resources• To set goals. • To make plans.• To make plans to work out his own problems related to his

career and personal development.2. It is a continuous process.3. Choice and problems points are the distinctive concerns of

guidance.4. Assistance to the individual in the process of development

e.g. to develop capacity for:• Self direction• Self guidance• Self improvement5. Guidance is service meant for all. It is a regular service which

is required at every stage for every student.6. It is both generalized and specialized service.

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ELEMENTS1. It focuses teacher attention on the

individual.2. Guidance leads to the discovery of

abilities of an individual.3. Guidance is based upon the assets

and limitations of an individual.4. It focuses to improve students

capacity related to • Educational (curricular and co

curricular)• Moral• Vocational, avocational• In all aspects of health

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NEED FOR GUIDANCE

• Complex nature of society.• Individual differences• Welfare state and individual

changed societal and educational pattern of nation.

• Changed economic patterns of the country.

• For good citizenship• Intellectual development.• To help students in vocational

development.

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AREAS OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING

1. EDUCATION- Vocation in many forms are penetrating in colleges, universities. Students have to be assisted in making decisions and choices involved in planning a future and building career.

• Pre admission guidance needs.• Post admission guidance needs.2. VOCATION- every vocation needs guidance in –• Educational• Professional• Preparation• Aims- Promotion of personal satisfaction with life as a

whole.

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CONTD….3.AVOCATIONAL- Teachers are giving

guidance and direction to students lives i.e., they should be keenly concerned with the nature of the daylong learning aside from books or lectures. E.g. only 4-6 hours of a 24 hour day the students spend in classes, rest time he is indulged in another activities. Teacher will guide the students for the use of this time in a desirable useful way.

4. SOCIAL GUIDANCE- To establish social relationship through effective social interaction, social guidance is essential.

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CONTD….5. GUIDANCE RELATED TO HEALTH- It is

needed –• To promote the health facilities within the

college environment.• For early diagnosis and treatment of

illness.• For disabled patient.• Curative service6. MORAL GUIDANCE- for the students who

are having undesirable practices, moral guidance has to provided to keep them in track and lead noble lives.

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CONTD….7. PERSONAL GUIDANCE- Experts guidance has

to be given to face the situations boldly and confidently, to enable them to adjust to the situations which they cannot change.

8. MARITAL GUIDANCE- Students may need guidance for the right choice of a life partner or happy marital life.

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COUNSELING• DICTIONARY MEANING- It means ‘to

give advice’.• DEFINITION-• “A helping process where one person,

explicitly and purposefully gives her/his time, attention and skills to assist a client to explore the situation, identify and act upon solution within the limitation of their given environment.”

• “A method that helps the client to use a problem- solving process to recognize and manage stress that facilitates interpersonal relationships among client, family and health care team.”

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LEVELS OF COUNSELING

INFORMAL COUNSELING- Any helping relationship by a responsible person who may have little or no training for the work.

NON- SPECIALIST COUNSELING it is help provided by professional who do a great deal of face to face work with psychological problems in the course of their work.

PROFESSIONAL COUNSELING- It is helping another person with decision and life plans whether personal or educational or vocational by a person especially trained for this.

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• It is • a professionally

trained person who can assist or help the counselee.

Counselor

• a person who • seeks help or need

assistance. Counselee

ELEMENTS OF COUNSELING

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Need of counseling• To assist the students in planning for educational

and vocational choices.• To help the student to work out a plan for solving his

difficulties.• Helps in total development if student.• To helps the students in the period of confusion.

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Need of Guidance and Counseling in Nursing Education…To help students adjusting with the new

environment of the nursing institute. To help in developing qualities required for a

successful for a nursing practice. To help students in getting adjusted with the

clinical environment. To help students keeping in touch with the latest

trends in nursing. To help them to develop a positive attitude

towards life. To help students in developing their leadership

qualities.

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Need of Guidance and Counseling in Nursing Education…

To motivate them for taking membership in professional organizations after competing their studies.

Helps them to make advantages of technological advancement in a patient care.

Helps them to readiness for changes & face challenges. To carryout responsibilities as a health team member. To help to overcome periods of turmoil & confusion.

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SKILL REQUIRED FOR EFFECTIVE COUNSELING

• Active listening• Respecting• Identification• Questioning• Criticism or negative evaluation• Reassurance of praise• Advice

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DIFFERENCES BETWEEN GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING:

• Guidance and counseling are not synonymous terms.

• Counseling is a part of guidance, not all of it.

• The concept of counseling as a group of services, which make the guidance program is generally accepted.

• Guidance will be done by teachers; it is an important component in all educational programmes. It uses counseling as one of the services.

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CONTD….• In counseling two phases are

available:• The adjustive phase- the

emphasis is on social, personal and emotional problems of an individual. The adjustive phase can be considered as counseling.

• The distributive phase- the focus is upon educational, vocational and occupational problems. This phase can be aptly described as guidance.

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RELATIONSHIP OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING

• In counseling, information is given to solve their problems. Thus, guidance is preventive and developmental, whereas counseling is preventive, developmental and remedial.

• Guidance information makes the basis for counseling sessions. Guidance may be done by any guidance professional; whereas counseling requires a high level of skill as well as professional training.

• Guidance may be given at a normal setup, whereas counseling requires a special setup.

• Guidance is an integral part of education and assists it in fulfilling its aims, whereas counseling is needed in all fields.

• In guidance decision making operates at intellectual level, whereas in counseling it operates at emotional level.

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BASES OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING:

1. Individual baseA. Academic growth• The counselor has to bring all round personality

development of the learner.• Counselor has to understand the needs, abilities and

interests of her/his students to develop their potentialities.B. Vocational development• Development of self awareness.• Awareness about the world of work.C. Personal social development• An individual faces many problems in his/her life; the

problems may relate to health, academic, teachers, peer groups, family, physical appearance etc to manage them.

2. Societal basesA. Proper utilization of human resources.B. Good citizenship.C. Better family life.

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CHARACTERISTICS OR QUALITIES OF A COUNSELOR:

• Friendly nature• Sincerity• Flexibility and adaptability• Capacity for work• Positive interest• Pleasing voice and appearance• Ability to stimulate and lead others• Directs the counselee, the ways to solve the

problems.• Had strong sense of professional ethics and

professional growth.

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G- greet the clients

A- Ask the clients about themselves

T- tell clients or give the information of strategies of coping mechanism

STEPS-

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H-help the client to choose a method

E-explain how to use a method

R-return for follow up

CONTD….

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ORGANIZING GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING PROGRAM IN NURSING EDUCATIONAL

INSTITUTION-PROCEDURE-• To help adolescents with normal

developmental problems.• To help individuals through temporary crisis.• To identify signs of disturbed/problem

behavior at the earliest.• To refer cases needed specialist treatment.• To facilitate communication within and

between the nursing schools, home and the communities.

• To support the teaching faculty who are helping individuals but who themselves want guidance and reassurance

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The guidance and counseling program can be:

1. Inherent (unintentional and unorganized)2. Informal (intentional and coordinated)3. Professional – a well organized structure covering

the three major functions of the program, e.g. adjustmental, oriental and developmental.

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ORGANIZATIONAL SETUP-1. For constituent colleges on the campus: if 1000 students on

rolls• A counseling officer assisted by guidance committee can plan

the program according to their needs and implement the same with the cooperation of deputy chief and academic advisor.

• If less than 1000 students, a liaison officer will look after.• If more than 1000 students an assistant counseling

officer/senior may be appointed to assist the counseling officer.

2. For affiliated colleges at distance• If 1000 students- counseling officer assisted guidance

committee implement the activities with help of vocational guidance officer.

• If less than 1000 students- liaison officer will look after.3. At universities- deans are assisted by HOD of Psychology and

Education Guidance Committee, counseling officer can plan the program and implement the activities.

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Tools and techniques for counseling services…

I. Nontesting tools

II. Psychological

tests

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Tools AND TECHNIQUES for counseling services…

1.Nontesting tools/Nonstandarized tests

Interview It is an interaction between the counselor & counselee with a definite objective in mind.

Observation It is careful watching or monitoring of the counselee by the counselor with a specific objective in mind.

Anecdotal record It consists of recording an important incident that happened & is a carefully recorded snapshot of the incident.

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Cumulative record It is a method of recording & providing meaningful, significant & comprehensive

information about an individual, over a year.

Checklist A is used to identify the

presence or absence of specific attributes

or skills of a particular expected

behavior in students.

Rating Scale It is better tools to assess the degree or extent

of the performance of a particular task or the possession of a

trait.

Sociometry It is used to measure sociability or the social distance

between students or members of a

group

Autobiography & diary It may also provide useful information about

students.

Tools AND TECHNIQUES for counseling services…

2.PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS/ Standardized tools and techniques

Personality tests E.g.; The

Rorschach & The Minnesota

Aptitude tests E.g.; Specialize aptitude test &

General aptitude test

Achievement tests E.g.;

Cooperative test, College Board series, English

reading test

Intelligence tests

Interest inventory tests E.g.; Blank

and Kuder preference inventory

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ISSUES OF COUNSELLING IN NURSING

1.Scarcity of qualified & competent counselors 2.Lack of awareness about needs & resources of

counseling3. Minimal pro counseling environment 4. Lack of counseling training for nurse/nursing

faculty5. Poor organizational set-up for counseling services 6. Lack of interest & initiatives for counseling services 7. Poor counselor-counselee ratio8. Lack of funds for counseling services 9. Noncompliance with counseling interventions 10. Ethical & moral Issues

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PROBLEMS IN GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING-• Resistance to counseling- either by counselee

or by faculty• Counselee with different cultures.• Counseling individuals with strong emotions

such as anxiety, anger, and depression.• Counselor burn out the symptoms such as

restlessness, boredom, irritability.• Lack of awareness of value of counseling by

public.• Inadequate administrative set up.• Lack of physical facilities, non availability of

time and tools.  

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THANK

YOU