Group Support Systems - GSS
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NEPSI
A Pesquisa em SI sobre GSS é Relevante?
Information Resources Management Journal
Winter 1998Munir Mandviwalla and Paul Gray
Sistema de Apoio à Decisão
Prof. Jairo Dornelas
Equipe – João Gratuliano e Maria da Conceição
16 de novembro de 2005
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NEPSI
Starting Reflection
“What information consumes is rather obvious: It consumes the attention of its
recipients . . . Human attention is the scarcest resource.”
Herbert A. Simon, economist, Nobel Prize winner
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NEPSI
The Authors
Paul Grayis Professor
Emeritus and
Founding
Chair of
Information
Science at
Claremont
Graduate
University. He specializes in
information systems, particularly
decision support systems,
knowledge management, data
warehousing and electronic
commerce.
Munir Mandviwalla,
founding chair of
the MIS
department,
and Executive
Director, Irwin
L. Gross
eBusiness
Institute, Fox
School of Business and
Management, Temple University
holds a a Ph.D. in MIS also from
Claremont Graduate University. His
research interests include
collaborative systems, electronic
commerce strategy, and the use of
prototyping for theory development
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NEPSI
GSS – Group Support Systems
• System to provide computer and communication support for decision making in organizations.
• “...facilitate formulation and solution of unstructured problems by a group of people” (DeSanctis and
Gallupe)
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NEPSI
Research Methodology
• “Introspective” approach
– Looking at the profession
– Actual research: recent publications (1990-1995)
• Analyze relevance in terms of:
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NEPSI
Research Methodology
Actual Search (2001-2005) Scirius – Total: 48
(for this presentation) Proquest – Total: 244
Science Direct – Total: 25
7 (groups)
4 (+2 vt)
13 (gss)
13 (gss)
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NEPSI
Research Methodology
The journal have different rates of publications, but the average is relatively constant from 1990 to 1995.
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NEPSI
GSS Focus and Methodology
Archival
3%
Case Study
11%
Field
9%
Survey
3%
S Issues
3%
S Design
Frameork
6%
S Develop
14%
Theoretical
5%Conceptual
14%
Lab Experiment
32%
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NEPSI
Analysis of GSS Research
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NEPSI
Action Items
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NEPSI
Action Items
GSS Research should:
(a) Estabilish linkages to referent disciplines
(b) Emphasize complex tasks and realistic subjects
(c) Emphasize experiments that use similar design and that focus on a related topic so that results may be pooled for meta-analytic studies
(d) Encourage the continued development and use of qualitative methodologies
(e) Encourage theory-based and testable systems development research projects and methodologies
(f) Embrace new commercially available technologies
(g) Research systems based on different perspectives
(h) Expand beyond face-to-face meetings
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NEPSI
Prioritized List of Action Items
(f) Embrace new commercially available technologies
(h) Expand beyond face-to-face meetings
(b) Emphasize complex tasks and realistic subjects
(g) Research systems based on different
perspectives
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NEPSI
(f) Embarce new commercially available technologies
• Lotus notes and others have became well know in industry.
• These (researched papers) compete for niche markets.
Created more than 10 years ago
(before 1988)
Alerts
The problem is that
only few organizations
actually use these
systems or systems
like that.
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NEPSI
GroupSystems
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NEPSI
GroupSystems meeting rooms
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NEPSI
GroupSystems meeting roomsin Finland
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NEPSI
Supporting Lightweight Customization forMeeting Environments
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NEPSI
(h) Expand beyond face-to-face meetings
• GSS resaerch has almost exclusively focused on text as a medium for interacton, even though,
drawing, graphic, audio, and video technology
have become commonplace in the industry.
• As a result... Ignore tasks taht include illustrations,
gestures,pattern recognition, body langue, emotion, and so on.
• On 82 papers, 64 (78%) focused on face-to-face meeting.
• Suggestion for NEPSI – A different interface to GSS using some “game” interaction (RPG, Chess,
etc.)
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NEPSI
Electronic meeting systems domain
From 2x2 (time and place) to 2x3x2 (time, place and size)
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NEPSI
Beyond Meeting Rooms:Community Bar
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NEPSI
(b) Emphasize complex tasks and realistic subjects
• GSS research oversimplify group work
• Simple tasks conducted in academic settings
(opposed to business settings)
• Interaction effects are ignored
• Work is considered modular rather than overlaping
• Concentrate on preference and brainstorming
creativity tasks
• Organizations are often reluctant to provide access
to “real” subject or settings.
• On 67 arcticles, 58% involved the use of students for subject and were conduct in academic settings.
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NEPSI
Case study: EMS for Councils
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NEPSI
COLAB
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NEPSI
COLAB: Boardnoter
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NEPSI
COLAB applications: Cognoter
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NEPSI
COLAB applications: Cognoter
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NEPSI
LiveBoard development: Tivoli
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NEPSI
Tivoli Screen
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NEPSI
Tivoli user interface
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NEPSI
(g) Research systems based on different perspectives
• Unfortunately most of the systems in tabe 4, follow a deterministic view.
• Determinism by definition limits the scope of research.
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NEPSI
CaptureLab
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NEPSI
A chauffeured meeting
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NEPSI
Executives in CaptureLab
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NEPSI
Future: smart media spaces?
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NEPSI
Is IS research on GSS relevant?
Yes, because:
• IS invented the concept
of decision rooms
• Developed HW and SW
to implement these
rooms
• The results of the
research studies have
illuminated imporant
human aspects (i.e. role
and use of brainstorm in
face-to-face decion
oriented meetings.)
No, if we consider:
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NEPSI
Discussion
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NEPSI
Discussion
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NEPSI
Conclusion
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NEPSI
Conclusion
GSS involve3 sciences
Management
Computer
Behavioral
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NEPSI
Links
• Grouplab University of Calgary – AB - Canada
– http://grouplab.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/papers/
• Department of Computer Sciences – Groupware
University of Tampere - Finland
(most illustrations in this presentation)
– http://www.cs.uta.fi/~ov/gw/intro/index.htmlSaila Ovaska