group 8 PPT

8/8/2019 group 8 PPT

1/44

Need for Cyber Law:

Commercial Disputes to

Cyber Crime

Group No.8

R.Anand

Prithvi S.R.Vardhan

S.P.Singh


2/44

AIM& OBJECTIVE Highlight the emerging security issues and threats in the cyberspace.

The legal and constitutional issues and stakes involved.

Issues related to E-Commerce

Conflict of laws in Commercial Disputes

The concerns on privacy, personal liberties and freedoms.

Identify the possible areas of conflict and operational problems.

To suggest methods of secure use of cyber space to avoid commercial disputes.


3/44

The what of computer/ cyber crime

The phrase computer crime or computer misuse

has a precise definition and tends to cover a multitude

of computer related offences ranging fromunauthorised access to computer and computer stored

material, causing damage to computer held

information trafficking in passwords and hacking,

manufacturing and selling pirated copies of softwareand transmission of objectionable material.


4/44

Getting computer crime

Use of computer-: computer crime involves the use of

a computer as a primary instrument to facilitate thecrime and the target thereof.

Offences against the secrecy and integrity of data and

information systems:- access, without right to a

computer system is a criminal offense i.e.unauthorized access


5/44

Contd.

Act to modify, delete or damage data or to restrict access to

data without right.

Unauthorized transfer of data from a computer system.

Act to interrupt seriously, without law, a software system

through the introduction, transmission, modification, deletion

or damage to data or by restricting access to such data..


6/44

Contd.

Act of production, sale, import, distribute or make available under

any form, without right of a device or software designed.

Without right of a password, access code or other such computer

data allowing total or partial access to a computer system in purpose

of committing a crime.

Causing loss of property to a person by the introduction,modification or deletion of computer data by an unauthorized

access.


7/44

REASONS FORCYBER CRIME


8/44

Capacity to store data

storing data in a very small space

Storing data in a very small space

To remove or derive information either through

physical or virtual medium makes it much more

easier

Easy to carry and transfer of data.


9/44

Easy to access-

Every possibility of breach isn't due to human

error, but due to the complex technology.

logic bomb, key loggers that can steal access

codes, advanced voice recorders; retina

imagers etc. that can fool biometric systems

and bypass firewalls.


10/44

Complex-

The computers work on operating systems and

these operating systems in turn are composed

of millions of codes.

The cyber criminals take advantage of these

lacunas and penetrate into the computer

system.


11/44

Negligence-

Negligence provides a cyber criminal to gainaccess and control over the computer system.

Not providing proper security measures.

Open and public use of systems.


12/44

Loss of evidence-

Person cant be traced.

Territorial restrictions

Jurisdiction irregularities

Statutory incapability.


13/44

CYBERCRIMINALS


14/44

Professionalhackers / crackers

Motivated by the colour of money.

Employed to hack the site of the rivals and get

credible, reliable and valuable information.

Employed to crack the system of the employer

basically as a measure to make it safer bydetecting the loopholes


15/44

Discontented

employees-

People who have been either kicked out bytheir employer or are dissatisfied with their

employer.

To take revenge they normally hack thesystem of their employee.


16/44

Childrenand youngsters between

the agegroup of 6 18 years

Children is seen mostly due to the curiosity to

know and explore the things.

Prove themselves to be outstanding amongst

other children in their group.

The psychological reasons.


17/44

Organised hackers-

Organised together to fulfil certain objective

political biasfundamentalism

The Pakistanis are said to be one of the best

quality hackers in the world. They mainlytarget the Indian government sites with the

purpose to fulfil their political objectives.


18/44

Analysis of cyber crime This phenomenal growth of internet has provided new outlook for computer crimes,

precisely internet crimes.

It has survey of 643 computer security practitioner in the worlds largest internet

using country (USA) . 70% reported a variety of serious computer security breaches other than the most

common ones of computer viruses, laptop theft or employee not abused.

74% acknowledged financial losses due to computer breaches

42% admitted to have suffered loss amounting $265, 589, 940

Average total loss over the last three years was $120, 240, 180. 20 companies admitting to have suffered a loss exceeding $1 million as a result of

computer breakings and $2.8 billion against software piracy.


19/44

First step to cybercrime resultingcommercial dispute

The first recorded cyber crime took place in the year 1820!

In 1820, Joseph-Marie Jacquard, a textile manufacturer in France,produced the loom. This device allowed the repetition of a series of

steps in the weaving of special fabrics. This resulted in a fear amongst

Jacquard's employees that their traditional employment and livelihood

were being threatened. They committed acts of disruption to

discourage Jacquard from further use of the new technology. This is

the first recorded cyber crime which further started a series of cybercommercial crimes.


20/44

MODE ANDMANNER

OF COMMITING

CYBER CRIME


21/44

(1) Phishing

Look alike of original website/e-mail;

Targeted over Financial Institutions &Banks; Divulge Financial Information;

Divulge Personal Info. (Ex:Password,etc.)

Copying of logos and other information fromoriginal website.


22/44

(A)Risks Impounded

By being truly responsive, you loose your

money;

New Credit card/BankA/c could be opened;

Risk exposing your computer data by clicking

on the link.


23/44

(2)Malicious Codes Contain Codes that disrupts Data

That need Host Program

(A) Trap Doors(B)Logic Bombs

(c)Trojan Horses

(D) Virus

That are independent

(A) Worms

(B) Zombie


24/44

(A) Trap Doors

Secret Entry Point No SecurityAccess Procedure

Used to debug or test run program


25/44

(B) Logic Bombs

Works on specified conditions

Predefined events should occur Sends a note to attacker when victim is online

The attacker then triggers the bomb.


26/44

(C) TrojanHorse

Contains Hidden Codes Destructs Files

Creates Trap Doors in login programmed.


27/44

(D)Virus

Replicates Modifies other programes

Leaves a copy in each program

Thus creates Trojan


28/44

(A) Zombie

This is installed on Third Party PC; Works over Internet attached PCs;

Uses Third Party PC to instigate attacks on

other secure networks, so as to be difficult to

trace.


29/44

(B) Worms


30/44

Denial of Service Attacks Origin of Denial of Service Attack (DOS)

Operation of DOS

Exemplification of DOS Attack. Concepts and Logical Weaknesses

Definition

Internals of Concepts and Logical Weaknesses

Function of SQL as an Internal

Hash function as another agent of DOS


31/44

Identity Theft Pattern of Identity theft

Perpetuation of ID Theft

ID Theft Victims

Recourse available in cases of ID Theft

Recording of action

Contacting police

Contacting Security Department of the Credit Card Company

Informing Bank Investigation Of ID Theft and Construction of Evidence


32/44

Advance Fee Fraud

Repercussions of Advance Free Fraud. Modus Operandi


33/44

Cyber Crime &

E-Commerce


34/44

The What Web- Shopping;

Bond Transactions; Online Stock;

Buying and Downloading Software;

Commercial Transactions;


35/44

Types of E-Commerce

Business-to-Business (B2B);

Business-t-Consumer (B2C);

Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C);

Paypal, Ibill, Moneybookers, WaxDigital,etc.,


36/44

Projections B2B Asia-Pacific > Over $5 Trillion;

173 Million Internet users; Indian IT Sector grew at 30% threw the

decade >> NASSCOM;

Rs. 450 Crore E-Commerce Transaction inIndia in 1999-2000.


37/44

Vehicles

World Wide Web; Telephone;

E-mail;

Fax;


38/44

Benefits

Cuts Cost; Saves time;

Variety of products;

Vast reach.


39/44

ProminentCyberCommercial Disputes

1. Beijing Oylmpics Internet Ticket Scam.2. Global Pension Trust Insurance Dispute.

3. E-Ticket Cyber Dispute

4. Google Cyber Attacks and subsequentwithdrawal calls.


40/44

Recognition and Enforcement

A. Conflict of Laws

B. Jurisdiction


41/44

(A) Conflict of Laws Lex Loci Deciti;

Most Significant Relationship Test:

I. Needs of International System;II. Relevant policies of both the nations;

III. Justified expectations of parties;

IV. Ease of Administration;

Article 4 Rome Convention.


42/44

(B) Jurisdiction Article 5 Rome Convention (place of

performance of obligation).


43/44

Suggestions and Conslusion

Awareness and Training ;

Skilled Investigators;

Trained Judges;

Efficient Enforcement;

Updated Information.


44/44

Thank You

For your patient attentiveness

group 8 PPT

Documents

Transcript of group 8 PPT