GROUND MONITORING USING SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS

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© JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH

GROUND MONITORINGUSING SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS

GROUND MONITORINGUSING SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS

Otto Koudelka, Peter Schrotter

Institute of Applied Systems Technology

Joanneum Research

Institute of Communication Networks and

Satellite Communications, TU Graz

[email protected]


CONTENTS

Communications Requirements

Systems

� One-way: GEONETCast

� Interactive (VSAT-type)

� Satellite phone technology for data collection, monitoring

Summary


REQUIREMENTS

Environmental data need to be collected

Delivery to processing centre & decision makers

Distribution of processed data to users & decisionmakers


REQUIREMENTS (2)

Space-based tools available, many of them free-of-charge

Access via Internet

In many areas suitable Internet access may not beavailable

Data collection in areas without telecominfrastructure

Wireless systems advantageous


802.20

Flash OFDM

802.11a802.11b

Zigbee

0.1 1 10 100 1000Data rate [Mbit/s]

short

range

indoor

local

area

metro-

politan

nation-

wide

inter-

contiental

G

S

M

3G

RFIDBluetooth

802.11nUWB

3.5 GHSPA

4G

3G LTE

SATELLITE/DVB

DECT

W

R

AN

WiMAX802.16

DISTANCEVERSUSBIT RATE


SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONSWide coverage (country, continent, inter-continental)

Broadcast capability

High data rates

Flexibility in network set-up

Mobility

Rapid deployment

Reliability

Economic solutions available

Systems for Internet access and (one-way) data dissemination existing

Source: ESA


DATA DATA

COLLECTIONCOLLECTION

Data CollectionCentre

Sensors

Data acqusition

Sensor

network


Internet/Intranet

DATA DATA

CASTINGCASTING


Internet

22--WAYWAY

SYSTEMSYSTEM


AVAILABLE SYSTEMS


INMARSAT

INMARSAT systems since 1979

� 4 generations of satellites

� 11 satellites operational (1 spare)

Main application: maritime, aeronautical, land-mobile communications


INMARSAT COVERAGE

Source: INMARSAT


INMARSAT-4Spacecraft Power: 12 kW (DC)Solar arrays: 48 mMass: 6000 kg

EIRP: 67 dBW

1 global beam228 narrow spot beams19 wide spot beams630 channels (200 kHz each)

L-Band (1.5 – 1.6 GHz)

Source: INMARSAT


INMARSAT BGAN

Laptop-sized terminal

�1.6…1.8 kg

�30x24x4 cm

Up to 400 kbit/s data rate (two-way)

Wide coverage


BGAN TERMINALBroadband Global Area Network

1) Integral antenna

2) Compass

3) SIM card

4)Battery

5) External power

6) USB

7) Indicators

8) Ethernet

Source: INMARSAT


INMARSAT BGAN COVERAGE

Source: INMARSAT


IP Network

Circuit Switched Network

BGAN SERVICES

Voice & ISDN

PC /

Laptop

Switch Voice & ISDN

IP Router LAN

Earth Station

BGAN

terminal


ONEONE--WAYWAY

FILE FILE

TRANSFERTRANSFER

Server


Digital Video Broadcast Standard DVB-S, -S2

Adopted nearly in all parts of the world (except US and Japan)

Any kind of digital data can be transferred

Multiplex of MPEG-II video/audio and IP packets

Low-cost hardware for about $ 50 available (PC card)

Plugs into existing PC or laptop

Dish + receiver front-end for another $ 50


SUPPORTED APPLICATIONS

S-2 standard provides more capacity and bettererror protection

Delivery of high quantities of data (multicast)

� Image transfer

� Data transfer


GEONETCast

EUMETSAT service: EUMETCast

Contribution to GEONETCast

Transfer of processed environmental(meteorological) data to users

Using low-cost DVB technology


INTERACTIVE TERMINAL

ESA developments for interactive Terminals

Target price: $ 300

75 cm dish (TV type)

Ku-band

0.5…2 W transmitter

Data rates 128 kbit/s … 1 Mbit/s

Suitable for data collection

Transfer of content-rich data (remote sensing)


SATELLITE PHONE TECHNOLOGYGEO orbit: THURAYA

LEO orbit: GLOBALSTAR, IRIDIUM

Voice and data services

LEO store & forward: ORBCOMM


THURAYA SATPHONE

GSM-compatible

Can be used as terrestrial phone in reach of GSM network

In remote areas communications via satellite

9.6 kbit/s data services


THURAYA TERMINALS

Source: THURAYA

Voice, data THURAYA DSL: 144 kbit/s


THURAYA COVERAGE

Source: THURAYA


Laptopor

PDA

Satphone

Processing Centre

RemoteData

CollectionSite

DATACOLLECTION


GLOBALSTAR

LEO constellation: 40 satellites

Coverage depending on terrestrial gateways

Satellite phone with datacapability (9.6 kbit/s)

Source: GLOBALSTAR


DATA MODEMS

Duplex Simplex


GLOBALSTAR COVERAGE

Source: GLOBALSTAR


IRIDIUM

LEO constellation: 66 satellites

World-wide coverage

Voice & data

Data rates: 2.4 kbit/s (higher with compression)


IRIDIUM CONSTELLATION


IRIDIUM TERMINALS

Source: IRIDIUM

Handset

Data modem


ORBCOMM

Store-and-forwardmessaging system

LEO constellation (29 satellites)

World-wide coverage

Not real-time

VHF band (137/148 MHz)

Serial data interface

Suitable for data collectionSource: ORBCOMM


SUMMARY

Satellite communications provides means for

� Data collection from sensors and sensor networks

� Data dissemination

Symmetrical and asymmetrical solutions

Provision of services in remote areas

Rapid deployment

Reliable systems

Affordable solutions available using DVB and stellite phone technology

GROUND MONITORING USING SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS

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