Grid forming converters for Black- Start · Grid forming converters for Black-Start ... (On-going)...
Transcript of Grid forming converters for Black- Start · Grid forming converters for Black-Start ... (On-going)...
© PROMOTioN – Progress on Meshed HVDC Offshore Transmission Networks
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 691714.
Grid forming converters for Black-Start
WP11 Workshop on Harmonisation
19/06/2020
Prof. Ramon Blasco-Gimenez – [email protected] – Universitat Politecnica de Valencia – Spain
Prof. Nicolaos Cutululis – [email protected] – DTU - Denmark
2
PROMOTioN WP3 ◦ WTG – Converter Interaction
WP3 Partners
Outline
• Introduction: Black Start from Off-shore Wind
• Offshore Wind Black-start Alternatives
• Validation of Grid Forming Control for Black-Start
• Lessons Learnt
• Conclusion
3
Recent Blackout in Tenerife (Canary Islands)
4
• Black out with 40% renewables
• Restoration with gas turbines
Suitability for Black Start Operation
OWPP are large and connected to
substations where grid is
reasonably strong = close to
traditional generators
OWPP can start much faster than
traditional black-start units
5
Suitability for Black Start Operation
OWPP are large and connected to
substations where grid is
reasonably strong = close to
traditional generators
OWPP can start much faster than
traditional black-start units
Goals:
- Achieve “Green Black-Start” from Wind Power Plants
- Allow Wind Power to be “black-start friendly” so it can be
connected earlier in the restoration process
6
Outline
• Introduction: Black Start from Off-shore Wind
• Offshore Wind Black-start Alternatives
• Validation of Grid Forming Control for Black-Start
• Lessons Learnt
• Conclusion
7
Option 1. Grid Forming WTGs - Sequential8 MW 8 MW8 MW
2km 2km 2km
8 MW 8 MW8 MW
2km 2km 4km
8 MW 8 MW8 MW
2km 2km2km
66kV
8 MW 8 MW8 MW
2km 2km 2km
8 MW 8 MW8 MW
2km 2km 4km
8 MW 8 MW8 MW
2km 2km2km
66kV
8 MW 8 MW8 MW
2km 2km 2km
8 MW 8 MW8 MW
2km 2km 4km
8 MW8 MW
2km2km
66kV
BLOCKLOAD
One side shunt compensation
400kV220kV220kV66kV
220kV /75km
8 MW 8 MW8 MW
2km 2km 2km
8 MW 8 MW8 MW
2km 2km 4km
8 MW8 MW
2km2km
66kV
8 MW 8 MW8 MW
2km 2km 2km
8 MW 8 MW8 MW
2km 2km 4km
8 MW8 MW
2km2km
66kV
8 MW 8 MW8 MW
2km 2km 2km
8 MW 8 MW8 MW
2km 2km 4km
8 MW8 MW
2km2km
66kV
BLOCKLOAD
ADJACENT ISLAND
400MW
30MW
Off-shore
substation
On-shore
substation
Main Issues:
- HVAC cable and transformer energisation
- Response to load transients (electrical,
mechanical)
- Fault response and recovery
8
OWPP Voltage
OWPP Current
Option 2: Grid Forming WTGs – Soft Start8 MW 8 MW8 MW
2km 2km 2km
8 MW 8 MW8 MW
2km 2km 4km
8 MW 8 MW8 MW
2km 2km2km
66kV
8 MW 8 MW8 MW
2km 2km 2km
8 MW 8 MW8 MW
2km 2km 4km
8 MW 8 MW8 MW
2km 2km2km
66kV
8 MW 8 MW8 MW
2km 2km 2km
8 MW 8 MW8 MW
2km 2km 4km
8 MW8 MW
2km2km
66kV
BLOCKLOAD
One side shunt compensation
400kV220kV220kV66kV
220kV /75km
8 MW 8 MW8 MW
2km 2km 2km
8 MW 8 MW8 MW
2km 2km 4km
8 MW8 MW
2km2km
66kV
8 MW 8 MW8 MW
2km 2km 2km
8 MW 8 MW8 MW
2km 2km 4km
8 MW8 MW
2km2km
66kV
8 MW 8 MW8 MW
2km 2km 2km
8 MW 8 MW8 MW
2km 2km 4km
8 MW8 MW
2km2km
66kV
ADJACENT ISLAND
BLOCKLOAD
400MW
30MW
Off-shore
substation
On-shore
substation
9
Option 3: HVDC connected WPPs
10
Outline
• Introduction: Black Start from Off-shore Wind
• Offshore Wind Black-start Alternatives
• Validation of Grid Forming Control for Black-Start
• Lessons Learnt
• Conclusion
11
Validation based on
simulations: Generic Controllers
Vendor Specific Controllers
Requirements
Grid Forming WTG/WPP Control Validation
ScenariosHVAC, HVDC
Test cases
12
Simulation Real Time CHiL Real Time PHiL
Voltage control capability, frequency control
capability, fault behaviour, block load, harmonics,
etc.
Mainly adapted from NGET, Elia, but some of them
left loosely defined on purpose to find limits of grid
forming technical capability
Validation based on
simulations: Generic Controllers
Vendor Specific Controllers
Requirements
Grid Forming WTG/WPP Control Validation
ScenariosHVAC, HVDC
Test cases
WTG
Power Hardware in-
the-loop
1 MW WTG converter
Validation based on Real Time Simulation
WTG
Control Hardware in-
the-loop
Multiple WTG
Control Hardware in-
the-loop
Multiple WTG+WPP
Control Hardware in-
the-loop +
protection relays
WP3 (Finished)
WP16(On-going)
13
Lessons Learnt
•Both generic and vendor specific controls have been validated.
•With adequate requirements, Black Start operations can be carried out
with partial or small modification to existing WTG converters. (Although
control is very different -> new certification process).
• Local WTG storage might be required.
•Sequential start might lead to overvoltage/overcurrent due to inrush
currents, ferromagnetic oscillations and takes a relatively long time. Can
be done with careful studies and tests (POW might be required).
14
Lessons Learnt• Soft start leads to much faster energization time and minimises inrush
current and oscillations.
• Fault recovery is very important with a large number of grid forming
WTGs/WPPs, particularly if both grid forming and grid following WPPs are
considered. Additional grid forming capacity might be needed for fault recovery.
• Grid forming control has to be robust to:
• Large changes in grid resonant peaks
• Interaction with other converters/generators in the same area.
15
© PROMOTioN – Progress on Meshed HVDC Offshore Transmission Networks
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 691714.
Conclusions
Grid Forming Wind Power Plants can contribute to speed up system restoration…
… but need to align technology development,technical requirements and business model.
© PROMOTioN – Progress on Meshed HVDC Offshore Transmission Networks
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 691714.
Next workshops/webinars
24-7-2020: Demonstration of Wind Turbine Grid Forming Controller Hardware-in-the-Loop testing for black-start operation
August - September: North Sea Grid for the European Green Deal
Info/registration: https://www.promotion-offshore.net/news_events/calendar/
Further information
PROMOTioN DELIVERABLE D3.7 “Compliance evaluation results using
simulations Part I: WPP/WTG control for Self-Start and Black Start”
https://www.promotion-offshore.net
18
Disclaimer and Partners
PROMOTioN – Progress on Meshed HVDC Offshore Transmission
Networks
MAIL [email protected] WEB www.promotion-offshore.net
The opinions in this presentation are those of the author and do not
commit in any way the European Commission
PROJECT COORDINATORDNV GL Netherlands B.V.
Utrechtseweg 310, 6812 AR Arnhem, The Netherlands
Tel +31 26 3 56 9111
Web www.dnvgl.com/energy
CONTACT
PARTNERSDNV GL Netherlands B.V., ABB AB, KU Leuven, KTH Royal
Institute of Technology, EirGrid plc, SuperGrid Institute,
Deutsche WindGuard GmbH, Mitsubishi Electric Europe B.V.,
Affärsverket Svenska kraftnät, Alstom Grid UK Ltd (Trading
as GE Grid Solutions), University of Aberdeen, Réseau de
Transport d‘Électricité, Technische Universiteit Delft, Equinor,
TenneT TSO B.V., Stiftung OFFSHORE-WINDENERGIE,
Siemens AG, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet, Rheinisch-
Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Universitat
Politècnica de València, SCiBreak AB,
Forschungsgemeinschaft für. Elektrische Anlagen und
Stromwirtschaft e.V., Ørsted Wind Power A/S, The Carbon
Trust, Tractebel Engineering S.A., European University
Institute, European Association of the Electricity
Transmission & Distribution Equipment and Services
Industry, University of Strathclyde, Rijksuniversiteit
Groningen, MHI Vestas Offshore Wind AS, Energinet.dk,
Scottish Hydro Electric Transmission plc, SCiBreak AB
Ramon Blasco-Gimenez
19