Greenhouse Gas Intensity from Natural Gas in … · Greenhouse Gas Intensity from Natural Gas in...

Greenhouse Gas Intensity from Natural Gas in

Transport

Bastad, 01 June 2017

Greenhouse Gas Intensity of Natural Gas Study 2

Road transport system is asked to move from the current oil derived monopoly towards a more complex system composed by different propulsion systems, based on both Internal Combustion Engines and Electrified powertrains. Those systems should rely on different forms of energies, produced with very different processes starting from primary energy sources. When referring to decarbonisation, it is fundamental to consider the entire fuel chain (from extraction to its end usage, meaning from Well to Wheel) to have a proper comparison among different solutions. In this way TECHNOLOGY NEUTRALITY is guaranteed.

Why Well-to-Wheel approach

Roadmap of road transport energy towards 2040 (ERTRAC – June 2016)


NGVA Europe, supported through a partnership of 27 industry organisations, commissioned an industry-wide analysis of the supply and use of natural gas in Europe. The study covers road vehicles (Well-to-Wheel), maritime vessels (Well-to-Wake) and power generation (Well-to-Grid).

This is a deep and exhaustive analysis of the current state and an outlook to 2030 about the natural gas supply chain, natural gas vehicles (NGVs) and shipping vessels performance.

NGVA GHG Intensity study


Scope and methodology

The analysis was performed according to four main EU regions.

The LCA software system GaBi is used to synthesise the collected data and information and to build the basis for the GHG model.

The study is subject to critical review by a panel of independent experts according to ISO 14044.


from the study on the GHG Intensity of Natural Gas

RESULTS


12,5

13

19,2

0 5 10 15 20 25

NGVA

JEC-WtW

EXERGIA

Well-to-Tank - CNG, in tank - GHG (EU Total) [g CO2-eq/MJ]

Well-to-Tank (GHG) emissions - CNG

3,4

3,6

3,8

3,5

1,7

1,6

1,2

1,6

2,1

1,4

2,9

1,2

3,2

3,9

1,9

4,7

5

2,2

6,1

9,4

12.5

11

10.8

15.6

14.4

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

EU Total

EU North

EU Central

EU South East

EU West

[g CO2-eq/MJ (LHV)], in tank

Well-to-Tank – GHG Emissions: CNG supply Breakdown by main individual emissions per region

Fuel dispensing Gas transmission, storage and distribution

Feedstock transportation (Pipeline, LNG carrier) Gas production, processing and liquefaction

9 3,4

0,1

12.5

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Well-to-Tank – GHG Emissions: CNG supply breakdown by main individual emissions

CO2 CH4 N20

Exergia (2015) JEC (2014)


Well-to-Tank (GHG) emissions - LNG

16,8

19,9

19,4

24,6

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

NGVA (Scenario Algeria)

NGVA

JEC-WtW

EXERGIA

Well-to-Tank - LNG, in tank - GHG (EU Total) [g CO2-eq/MJ]

1,2

1,2

1,2

1,2

1,1

0,4

0,4

0,4

0,4

0,4

2,9

3,7

2,6

2,7

2,5

15,4

11,2

9,1

12,3

20,3

19.9

16.5

13.3

16.6

24.3

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

EU Total

EU North

EU Central

EU South East

EU West

[g CO2-eq/MJ (LHV)], in tank

Well-to-Tank – GHG Emissions: LNG supply Breakdown by main individual emissions per region

Fuel dispensing Gas transmission, storage and distribution

Feedstock transportation (Pipeline, LNG carrier) Gas production, processing and liquefaction

14,4 5,4

0,1

19.9

0 5 10 15 20

Well-to-Tank – GHG Emissions: LNG supply breakdown by main individual emissions

CO2 CH4 N20


Well-to-Wheel Results


Well-to-Wheel (GHG) emissions from Passenger Car

131

140

169

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

CNG

Diesel (FQD)

Petrol (FQD)

Well-to-Wheel - Passenger Vehicles - GHG Intensity [g CO2-eq/km]

-7%

-23%

Vehicle from the C-segment being used according to the New European Driving Cycle

Significant benefits and reduced GHG emissions from passenger cars are possible with CNG.


Well-to-Wheel (GHG) emissions from Heavy-Duty Vehicles

908

1005

912

1074

800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100

SI (CNG)

SI (LNG)

HPDI (LNG)

Diesel (FQD)

Well-to-Wheel - Heavy-Duty Vehicles - GHG Intensity [g CO2-eq/km]

-15%

-6%

-16%

40 t tractor + trailer combination with 75% payload in long haul use

For long-haul missions, both CNG and LNG are having lower emissions that traditional fuels.


Well-to-Wake (GHG) emissions from Maritime applications

The benchmark for maritime comparison here is Heavy-Fuel Oil, results from JEC.

In maritime applications, the use of LNG provides a clear Well-to-Wake benefit compared to Heavy-Fuel Oil fuels.

588,8

661,6

742,1

749,6

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

Dual-fuel [2-stroke]

Dual-fuel [4-stroke]

HFO (JEC-WtW)

MDO (FQD)

WtW - Ships - GHG [g CO2-eq/kWh]

-11%

-21%


Methane emissions

0,651

1,103 1,073

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

1,2

CNG NGVA [wt. %] CNG Exergia [wt. %] LNG NGVA [wt. %]

Methane Emissions Well-to-Tank (WtT) Comparison

- 41%

0,3

1,1

0,5

1,5

WtT - EU Total - CNG, in tank - Methane Emissions [g CO2-eq/MJ (LHV)]

Fuel Dispensing Gas transmission, storage and distribution

Feedstock transport (Pipeline, LNG-carrier) Gas production, processing and liquefaction

1,1

0 0,1

4,2

WtT - EU Total - LNG, in tank - Methane Emissions [g CO2-eq/MJ (LHV)]

Fuel Dispensing Gas transmission, storage and distribution

Feedstock transport (Pipeline, LNG-carrier) Gas production, processing and liquefaction


Well-to-Wheel (GHG) emissions by contributors

[VALORE] (94%) [VALORE] (5.9%) [VALORE] (0.5%)

130,7

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

CNG

WtW - Passenger Vehicle - GHG by Contributors [g CO2-eq/km]

CO2 CH4 N20

On both CNG and LNG applications no leakage is admitted at vehicle level CH4 emissions are generated as unburned HC at the exhaust and considered as CO2 equivalent


Introducing renewable methane

R-GAS


30

108

131

140

169

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

bio CNG (100%)

CNG (10% bioCNG, 10% SNG)

CNG

Diesel (FQD)

Petrol (FQD)

Well-to-Wheel - Passenger Vehicles - GHG Intensity [g CO2-eq/km]

-23%

-36%

-82%

Renewable gas has the key property to be 100 % compatible with natural gas, being easily blended or used directly as a neat fuel in engines

Locally produced Renewable gas represents a fast

drive towards decarbonisation

Renewable gas


Renewable gas

Target of 100 kg CH4 out of 1000 kg organic waste EU28 yearly production of organic waste = 120 Mt (source Ispra 2015)

Potential for 12 Mt biomethane/year Able to run 2 000 000 vehicles* only from our waste! * Vehicle consumption 4 kg/100 km – 15 000 km/year Organic Waste

Biomethane


Decarbonising Transport

↓CO2


Achieving the decarbonization target

Low Carbon Clean Fuel Renewable gas Product range with low TCO

Natural gas is a key solution to effectively decarbonise the transportation system in both light and heavy duty applications


NGVA Europe – www.ngva.eu

Our Board Members

Close to 140 Members


www.ngvemissionsstudy.eu

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