Green Economy A Need for our Planet – an Opportunity for Switzerland and maybe for China as well

Federal Department of the Environment,Transport, Energy and Communications DETEC

Federal Office for the Environment FOEN

Tsinghua University, 25 June 2015

Green Economy A Need for our Planet – an Opportunity for Switzerland…

…and maybe for China as well

Dr Bruno OberleDirector of the Federal Office for the Environment FOEN, Switzerland

2 Green Economy | Dr Bruno Oberle

Planetary Boundaries and the Safe Operating Space for Humanity

Source: Rockström et al. (2009)


Pressure on Natural Resources

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050100%

120%

140%

160%

180%

200%

220%

240%

260%

280%

300%

Global GDP

World population

2050 = 422 %

Sources: Population: UN-ESA 2010 (scenario„medium“)

GDP: Worldbank 2012, UNEP 2011 (BAU scenario)

Global trends: GDP, Population1990=100 %

2050 = 9.3 bn


Consequences of InactionDestabilising Climate Change

Source: OECD, 2012

GHG emissions by region: Baseline, 2010 to 2050


Consequences of InactionMass Extinction of Species

Source: OECD, 2012

Effects of different pressures on terrestrial MSA: Baseline, 2010 to 2050


Consequences of InactionIncreasing Freshwater Shortages

Global water demand: Baseline, 2000 and 2050

Source: OECD, 2012


Consequences of InactionIncrease in Premature Mortality

Source: OECD, 2012

Global premature deaths from selected environmental risks:Baseline, 2010 to 2050


Resource OveruseEcological Footprint in Number of Earths

Source: Global Footprint Network; Ecological Footprint in number of earths

World:

Switzerland:

China:


Ecological Overshoot in 2014

Note: Overshoot Day in terms of the biocapacity of the countries/regionsSource: Global Footprint Network/WWF Living Planet Report 2012

20152014

19.08.2014Earth Overshoot Day

End of MarchSwiss Overshoot Day

End of MayChina’s Overshoot Day

Mid-JulyOvershoot Day

high-income countries

Ecological BALANCE low-income countries

Mid-NovemberOvershoot Day

middle-income countries


Source: Frischknecht et al. (2014)

Local Consumption – Global Impact

In 2011, about 73 % of the total environmental impact arising from final demand in Switzerland accumulates in other countries – due to imports.


Swiss Environmental Impactby Area of Consumption

0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00

nutrition

housing

private mobility

health care

recreation, culture

restaurants, hotels

other goods

education, …

residual public final …

clothing

million UBP per capita, per annum

domestic environmental impact

environmental impact abroad

~ 70 % nutrition, housing, mobility

Source: ESU services Ltd./Rütter+Partner (2011)


Resource Consumption and ProsperityA Fatal Relationship

Sustainability quadrant

0.200 0.400 0.600 0.800 1.000 -

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

ChinaCuba

France

Germany

India

Mexico

Norway

Qatar

Russian Federation

Sri Lanka

Switzerland

United Arab Emirates

United States

Human Development Index

Ecol

ogic

al F

ootp

rint

World biocapacity per capita

Very

hig

hhu

man

dev

elop

men

t

Sources: Ecological Footprint 2007: www.footprintnetwork.org, Human Development Index 2012: UNDP


Resource Consumption and GDP/CapitaSwitzerland

Resource use in terms of the ecological footprint expressed as number of Earths; Source: www.footprintnetwork.orgReal GDP per capita: chained values, reference year 2005; Source: SECO (2014), FSO (2012)

0%

50%

100%

150%

200%

250%

300%

350%

400%

450%

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Resource useResource use (linear extrapolated)Real GDP per capitaReal GDP per capita (linear extrapolated)


We Need a “Wedge”

Resource use in terms of the ecological footprint expressed as number Earths; Source: www.footprintnetwork.org

0%

50%

100%

150%

200%

250%

300%

350%

400%

450%

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Resource useResource use (linear extrapolated)

1. Technology

4. Political power

5. Solidarity

2. Investment

3. Sustainable finance

6. Communication/networking


Volatility of Resource Prices

Source: McKinsey (2013)


Investments in Natural Capital

Appenzell, Switzerland


Investments in CleantechProduction of high-grade steel from scrap metalat a Swiss steel factory

Picture:FOEN


Infrastructure Investment Requirements

Source: WEF, 2013


Investment Needs for Sustainable Development in China

Source: People’s Bank of China, UNEP, 2015


Business OpportunitiesMarkets for Environm. Technology & Resource Efficiency

Global volume 2013 (in billion Euro)

Source: BMUB cites Roland Berger, 2014


Global average annual growth 2013 – 2025

Business OpportunitiesMarkets for Environm. Technology & Resource Efficiency

Source: BMUB cites Roland Berger, 2014


Business Opportunities: Financial Sector

Trillions of Dollars of

investments needed for a

green and inclusive economy globally

Swiss Financial Center with

pioneers in the field of

Sustainable Finance


Source: Swiss Banking

Business Opportunities: Financial SectorPrivate Banking Switzerland


Innovative CapacityGlobal Innovation Index 2014

Quelle: www.globalinnovationindex.org/, 2014


Innovative CapacityInnovation Union Scoreboard 2014

Source: EC, 2014


Global Cleantech Innovation Index 2012

Source: Cleantech Group/WWF, 2012


Global Cleantech Innovation Index 2014

Source: Cleantech Group/WWF, 2014


Cleantech in SwitzerlandEmployment and Value Added in 2013

Source: EBP, 2014

Absolute Market Share

Employees in FTE 530‘000 13.5 %

Gross Value Added [CHF] 48.6 bn 8.0 %

Export Value [CHF] 40.5 bn 5.5 %


International Initiatives

http://www.oecd.org/greengrowth/48224539.pdf

http://www.unep.org/greeneconomy/

http://www.worldresourcesforum.org/

http://www.google.ch/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=Le_sbvpb0T7r5M&tbnid=fdU0yYcvUeae1M:&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Resource_Panel&ei=UY0yVI71PI3APP_AgZgF&bvm=bv.76802529,d.ZWU&psig=AFQjCNGt7AneR67bkIHOFH76F13ZHLOBiA&ust=1412685519960515

http://www.zadek.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Inquiry-Logo.png


Popular Initiative «Green Economy»

Picture: Swiss Green Party


Revision of the Environmental Protection Act (EPA)

ActionTargets

Measurement &Reporting

Green Economy Platform

Long-term goal: significant reductionof environmental impact

Regulation already useful and necessary:

waste and raw materials consumption and production


EPA Revision: Political Process

2013: Federal Council decides EPA revision

2013: Consultation process

2014: Dispatch of EPA revision to parliament

2017: EPA revision in force?

Currently: Revision discussed in parliament

…


Green Economy Policy2013: Report and Action Plan

Priority areas Measures Lead

Consumption and production

M 1: Resource-efficient ICTs DETEC

M 2, 3: Food waste/nutrition EAER

M 4, 5, 6: Information on products and product ranges DETEC

M 7: Releasing products in the market DETEC/EAER

M 8, 9: Coordination with the economy DETEC/EAER

M10: Competence centre for resource efficiency DETEC/EAER

M11: Enterprise resource efficiency improvement network DETEC/EAER Wastes and raw materials M 12 – M 18 DETEC/DDPS

Cross-cutting instruments

M 19, 20: International commitment FDFA/DETEC

M 21: Cleantech Master Plan EAER/DETEC

M 22: Green the tax system FDF/DETEC Targets, monitoring, information, reporting M 23 to 27 DETEC/FDHA

Green Economy A Need for our Planet – an Opportunity for Switzerland and maybe for China as well

Environment

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