GRAVITATIONAL FORCES. “G” ß The measure of gravity acting on a object. ß The normal force...
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Transcript of GRAVITATIONAL FORCES. “G” ß The measure of gravity acting on a object. ß The normal force...
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GRAVITATIONALGRAVITATIONALFORCESFORCES
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“G”
The measure of gravity acting on a object.
The normal force which acts on all bodies is equal to 1 G.
During freefall, an object will fall at 32.2 fps2 terminal velocity is reached
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ACCELERATIONChange in velocity in either magnitude or direction
The most common accelerative force is gravity
DECELERATION
Any reduction in the velocity of a moving body
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INERTIAL FORCE
The resistance to a change in the state of rest or motion
A body at rest tends to stay at rest, a body in motion tends to stay in motion
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TRI-AXIAL REFERENCE SYSTEM
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FACTORS AFFECTINGACCELERATIVE FORCES
IntensityDurationRate of onsetBody area and siteImpact direction
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PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF LOW MAGNITUDE
ACCELERATION
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+Gz ForcesHead to Foot
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FACTORS MODIFYING +GZ
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DECREMENTAL FACTORSAny factor that reduces overall efficiency of the
body, especially the circulatory system
Blood volume decrease
- varicose veins
- hemorrhage Blood pressure decrease
- hypotension
- fatigue/illness
- alcohol abuse
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INCREMENTAL FACTORS
Any factor that increases overall efficiency of the body, especially the circulatory system
Hypertension Fear & excitement Tensing of muscles Short stocky build L-1 Maneuver
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L-1 MANEUVER
Procedure:Remain uprightTense musclesExhale against a closed glottis at 2 to 3 second intervals
Note: Increases G-load tolerance by 4
Disadvantages:Physically Exhausting
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-Gz Forces
Foot to Head
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+/- Gx FORCES
Mild transverse accelerations / decelerations during landing and taking off
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TRANSVERSE “G” TOLERANCE
+Gx 15 G’s 5 seconds
-Gx 12 G’s 5 seconds
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+/- Gy FORCES
Human body has minimal tolerance to right or left accelerations
Most aircraft do not apply accelerative forces in the lateral direction
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PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF HIGH MAGNITUDE ACCELERATION AND
DECELERATION
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EFFECTS
Minor discomfort IncapacitatingMinor injuryIrreversible injuryLethal
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SOURCES
Aircraft crashes Ejection seats
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G’s
(Seconds)
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AIRCREWMEMBER SURVIVABILITY DURING THE CRASH SEQUENCE
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CRASH SURVIVABILITY CRITERIA
Amount of decelerative forces transmitted to the body
Occupiable living space
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Human Tolerance Limits toWhole Body Impact
+9 Gs
+80 Gs
-40 Gs
-9 Gs
+20 Gs
- Gy
-Gx+Gy
+Gx
+Gz
-Gz-16 Gs (0.1 second
duration)
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AIRCRAFT DESIGN FEATURES
(CREEP)! Container Restraint system Environment Energy absorption Post crash protection
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QUESTIONS?