B2:wB :wBD:wB.:h a g 0 { ß N V f ¢ { ß > ® < ß > ® ® Ù Â ¨ º E < J É / 2 Ä > w h a g K...

” ”

LOHAS (Lifestyles Of Health And Sustainability

19 20 212

2008 7 10

JCI-TC075B

http://www.jci-web.jp/tc075b/

HP

e.g.e.g.

- 1 -


e.g.e.g. Properties of Concrete(A.M. Neville 1973)

( 1952)

H.G. Gilkey ??? L. Turner1937

1.

2.

3.

4.

1.

7 days (just after cracking) 28 days

2.

- 2 -


3.

4.

k(10

16m

2 )

31 6131 613131 6161

Automatic Healing

Self Healing (Self Repairing)/

Autogenous Healing /

Recovery/

Activated Healing (Activated Repairing)/ ( )

Autonomic Healing/

Natural Healing /

Natural Healing / Natural Healing /

Automatic Healing




Autonomic Healing/

Natural Healing /

CO32- +

Ca2+

CO2

CO2 H2CO3

CO32-

Ca2+

CaCO3

15 0.5mm

15

Autonomic Healing / Autonomic Healing /

Automatic Healing




Autonomic Healing

/Natural Healing /

- 3 -


0.4mm

7 days (just after cracking)

28 days

60 days

14 days

2006

(DF):70% (DF):90%

( 50-55% FA 10-15%)

FRC

28

k(10

16m

2 )

31 6131 613131 6161

*

Activated Healing (Activated Repairing)Activated Healing (Activated Repairing)// (( ))

Automatic Healing




Natural Healing /

Autonomic Healing/

Autogenous Healing / Autogenous Healing /

Automatic Healing




Autonomic Healing/

Natural Healing /

- 4 -


Automatic HealingAutomatic Healing

Automatic Healing




Autonomic Healing/

Natural Healing /

Self Healing (Self Repairing)/ Self Healing (Self Repairing)/

Automatic Healing




Autonomic Healing/

Natural Healing /

Recovery / Recovery /

Recovery/

Automatic Healing




Autonomic Healing/

Natural Healing /

or

or

- 5 -


TC SHC: Self-healing phenomena in cement-based materials Chair: Prof. Schlangen TU-Delft 2005-2009

- 6 -


15

100 m10 m

100 m

15

150.4 mm.

C

50 m

Ett.

SEM

150.1 mm

C

SEM

25

65 mm

15 m

Ett.

10 m

Ett.

SEM

25

70 mm

50 m

Ett.

10 m

Ett.

- 7 -


150.3 0.1 5.0 (mm)

(% v.s. )0.45 0.41 3.2

2

•

•

•

•

- 8 -


(DF):70% (DF):90%

JCI TC075B 2008/7/102

Autonomic Healing /

Natural Healing

/

Automatic Healing

Self Healing (Self Repairing)

/


Recovery/

Activated Healing(Activated Repairing)

/ ( )

AutonomicHealing/

( 50-55% FA 10-15%) 4

2007,2008

JCI 2007

2006

5

( )

( 0.1%,0.3% )

6

50-55% FA 10-15%()

B

B

- 9 -


(DF):70% (DF):90%

2006

(mm)

7

30 RH60%3

8

40

60

80

100

120

80% 60% 80% 60% 80% 60%

(%)

20 1W 40 4W

N HL FA20

N: HL: FA20: HL+FA20%

9

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

80% 60% 80% 60% 80% 60%

(mm

/)

20 1W 40 4W

N HL FA20

N: HL: FA20: HL+FA20%

10

0

50

100

150

200

250

0.006 100 0.006 0.05 0.05 1 1 10

(%)

( m)

20 1W 40 4W

0

50

100

150

200

0.006 100 0.006 0.05 0.05 1 1 10

(%)

( m)

20 1W 40 4W

11

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 200 400 600 800Curing age(days)

Rel

ativ

e hu

mid

ity(%

)

Average relativehumidity: 69%

-20-10

01020

30405060

0 200 400 600 800Curing age(days)

Tem

peta

ture

()

2mm 2

20 440 1

12

( )

- 10 -


•Self Healing(Repairing)

•Recovery /

•Autogenous Healing

•Automatic Healing

•Activated Healing(Repairing)

/ ( )

•Autonomic Healing/

•Autonomic Healing / The concrete that has special elements for the objective of self-healing compare to the conventional concrete

- Special admixtures such as optimized expansive agent, flyash and unhydrated epoxy for the self-healing - Fiber reinforced cementitious materials

•Natural Healing/

Leaked water by a ceiling part

Execution situation of a waterproofing(A yellow part is a sheet waterproofing.) Drain for leaked water

Underground-Water Leaks andUnderground Railway Station.

Rain-Water Leaks a Concrete Viaduct. (to inside Station Under the Viaduct) Underground

Station

Under ViaductStation

Solutions !! ==== Self healing of Cracks

18th Century bridge in Amsterdam

Existing Structure

Logically speaking,these centuries-old constructions should have crumbled and collapsed ages ago. So why didn't they?

The porosity of the bricks leads to the precipitation of dissolved calcite in cracks“The answer is chalk, calcium.The mortar used in these ancient bridges contains a lot of chalk compared to modern standards. Whenever a crack appears the water they're standing in is sucked inside. In modern concrete that's the beginning of the end, but in these old brick bridges the water will dissolve the chalk in the mortar, the chalk will flow into the cracks, and then set again. Hey Presto! Natural self-healing.”Chalk can fulfil exactly the same function in ultra-modern self-healing concrete

The chalk has more than 60% CaCO3.REF) Microlab. Delf University of Technology

• Possible causes of self healing

(a)

(a) Formation of calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide

(b) Continued hydration of cement particles

(b)

(c) Sedimentation of particles

(c)

(d) Swelling of the cement matrix or Expansion of the cement matrix(mineral admixture)

(d)

- 11 -


Self-healing not to be expected

Meichsnerh

d

h/d(water pressure)

0.25

0.20

0.15

0.10

0.05

0

W (mm)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Self-healingliable to occure

Lohmeyer

from Van Breugel

Microscopy images of OPC paste and OPC paste incorporating expansive agent at normal water/binder ratio (0.45). [Under water supply until 28 days]

The sufficient hydration by surplus water for normal water to binder concretesThe reduction of its self-healing capability

• OPC 90% + Expansive agent 10%• Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)

OPC

Expansion term(CSA agent)

Chemica

l pres

tress

conc

ept

Swelling term(Nano-materials)

Wat

er p

roof

ing

conc

ept

Precipitated term(Chemicaladditive)

Nucleation concept

[1] Expansion Reaction

[2] Swelling Reaction

[3] Chemical Reaction

Basic Design

Upgrade Design I

Upgrade Design II

Investigation of Hydration products

1day, 3days, 7days, 28days, 90days

XRD, SEM-EDS

Sample preparation

W/B =0.45%, Chemical Admixtures [SP , SP SP ]Properties of workability according to chemical admixtures [Mini Slump Test]

Induced cracks Pure water

Crack width 0.3 mm0.2 mm

After 120 days

W/CW/CW/C

Degree of cement hydration [ Over 80%] 13.56%

Unhydrated particle

40 days

3 days 7 days 14 days

28 days 200 days

Top

Side

bottom

Cross-Section

Ordinary Zone

Self-healing Zone

10cm

5cm

- 12 -


Top of Specimen

Self-healing Zone

Original Zone

Al ion Ca ion

Acceleration of self-healing ability using mineral admixtures

Self-healing Zone

Original Zone

Top of Specimen

CaO 74.57% 75.67%

SiO2 2.38%

Al2O3 20.51% 24.32%

F2O3 0.00%

SO3 0.58%

K2O 0.00%

Na2O 0.66%

MgO 1.30%

Formation of calcium tricarboaluminate [3CaO·Al2O3·3CaCO3·30H2O]

Real Cal.

• Induced Crack after 120 days • Under Water Supply until 3 days

• Self-Healing Behavior [High Potential]

Induced Crack after 120 days

Under Water Supply until 3 days

- 13 -


Self-healing products

Aggregate

Self-healingproducts

Aggregate zone Paste zone

SHC [W/B=47.3%]Perfect self-healing

Partial self-healing

Aggregate area

Cementitious paste area

Aggregate

Crack width 0 3 days 7 days 14 days 21 days 28 days

Water pass

(mm/s)

0.1 mm 157 75.6 7.29 12.4 9.65 7.5

0.2 mm 195 111 66.7 51 52 53.9

0.4 mm 241 162 12.5 12.1 18.3 11.1

Time (days)

Cra

ck (m

m)

Time (days)

Cra

ck (m

m)

• Conventional Concrete • Self-healing Concrete

Verification conducted by Komatsu at Yokohama National University

Water passWater immersion

(a) Mixer for premixed products (b) Powder blending

Preparation process of premixed products(c) Packing (d) Products

(a) Actual casting

(b) Finishing

(c) After water supply

Cracking

(a) Before water supply

Water leakage

(b) Actual underground water supply

Water Tank

Insert steel plate

Internal

(d) Measurement of water leakage

movement from filed to lab

re-products between cracks

- 14 -


Water proof

sheets

Double sheet

Water leakage of wall

Water leakage of ceiling

Water leakage of wall

News media & Patent pendingNews media & Patent pending

• Patent pending [ from The university of Tokyo]

- 15 -


1 Self Healing Materials

+

112007. 4/18-20 Noordwijk Netherland14 196 12 75 50

(Victor Li 12 3 JR

“Is there a market for self-healing cement-based systems in the building industry? “(Prof. Breugel)

“Microbial calcification enhances concrete self-healing properties”(TU Delft)

“Improvement of concrete durability with the aid of bacteria”(Ghent University)

“Computer simulation study of concretes self-healing capacity due to unhydrated cement nuclei in interfacial transition zones”(TU Delft)

“Self-healing of early age cracks in concrete”(TU Delft)

JR 3

“Self-healing in concrete materials”(Prof. Victor Li)

ECC

2009

Prof. BreugelDr. Schlangen

TU Delft Microlab

Delft Center for Materials ,4 15 Civil Engineering

1/4 1

RILEM TC-SHC

workabilityuniformhigh strengthhigh durability

low water/binder ratio

hydration heatautogenous shrinkage

(prototype of SCC, )

Tensile Force (Steel Bar)

Compressive Force as Reaction Force

Large amount of Expansive Additive

ChemicalPrestress

(more than compensation for shrinkage)

chemical prestress

- 16 -


(2001)

50mm

EC

NC

W/B = 25%

E/B = 10%

E/B = 0%

wetEC-3, NC-3R.H. = 98%

dry (R.H. = 60%)EC-2, NC-2

waterwetEC-1, NC-1

(2001)

NC-1

EC-1

( 175

30

EC

NC

Expansive Concrete, in water)

0days

13days 29days

7days

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0 10 20 30 40 50 60Time (days)

Cra

ck W

idth

(mm

) .

Bottom SurfaceBottom Surface (without new hydrates)Top SurfaceTop Surface (without new hydrates)

Cracking .

JR 2004

(W/B=45%, E=50kg/m3,Cementitious Crystalline Material = 4kg/m3)

7 days (just after cracking) 14 days

28 days 60 days

CaCO3

JR 2004

05GC120

2007/02/15

Effects of curing conditions and expansion in Crack Self Healing Concrete

- 17 -


( 100cm)14 20

DuCOM( )

( )

()0

14

28 28

+Li2CO3(W/P=60 ) +Li2CO3(W/P=60 )

W/P=50% 0 14

W/P=60%

(W/P=25~45%) (W/P=50 60%)

: ::

03430050343005

50

Effects of restraining reinforcement for expansion on crack Self – Healing of Concrete

( )( 45% )

1 50

1

(

60

(W/P=50%)

60

D16D11

20kg+20kg+30kg+

14kg+

14kg/m3 +

30kg/m3 +

( )

( )

20kg/m3 +

D16( )

( )D16

- 18 -


10kPa

q = p b 3 /12 d

( =0.02 0.17)

w

Healing Properties of Self Healing Concrete with Water Passing through Crack

0443015

-Objectives-

(1)(2)(3) JR

(1)(2)

(1)0.1mm(2)0.2mm(3)0.4mm

Step2.

Step1.

20 0,3,7,14,21,28

80mm

0.1, 0.2, 0.4mm

-Determination of crack cross section-Step1.

16mm2

1.50%32.5mm232mm20.4mm-0.12%15.9mm216mm20.2mm4.60%8.37mm28mm20.1mm

5.00%30.4mm232mm20.4mm-3.90%15.3mm20.2mm

11.70%8.94mm28mm20.1mm

3

4

Step2.

150mm 150mm

-Concrete mix-

1.51950839405032817045L7.4920809022.214.833317547

1.4892080900037017547N

(kg/m3)%AGSZ2Z1ECWW/PNo.

Memo2

3

EDVARDSON

…

–Effect of Base mix-

:10m/m) 33 53m/m

10kPa

- 19 -


-Effect of improved mix-

0.2mm0.1mm 0.4mm

-Conclusion-

-Suggestions-

pH

- 20 -


, JCI2008 , Jul., 2008 Activated Repairing / #1

YamagataUniversity

Activated Repairing /


YamagataUniversity

Activated Repairing /

Natural Healing/

Automatic Healing


Autogenous Healing/

Recovery/


AutonomicHealing

/


YamagataUniversity


YamagataUniversity


YamagataUniversity

( : 75mm)

( : 5mm)

( : 75mm)

( : 5cc)

(JIS A 6909)


YamagataUniversity

- 21 -



YamagataUniversity

K =4.69 x 10-4·w3

K = 3.56 x 10-5·w3

0 0.610-9

10-8

10-7

10-6

10-5

0.0001

0.20.1 0.3 0.4 0.5

-- 0.2mm

- 0.2mm


YamagataUniversity


YamagataUniversity

0

50

100

150

200

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1


YamagataUniversity

EVA 93

80

10

10

30

20

250

5mm4mm

160

10

10mm

S/C=200 [wt.%]

W/C =45[wt.%]

RuO2 70

(mm)


YamagataUniversity

W80mm

T10mm

L250mm

Reinforcement

Reinforcement

Organic film pipe

Strain monitoring sensor

1mm @80=80mm

10

250mm

4mm @31 =124mm

Organic film pipe(Diameter: 4mm)

Electric wire

1mm @10= 10mm

2mm

10

30

10

20

4mm @31 =124mm

0.323[W/mm3]

0.035[W/mm3]

Strain monitoring sensor(Diameter: 2mm, length: 162mm)

Reinforcement (Diameter: 4mm)


YamagataUniversity

0min 1min3min5min

50

10min

50

15min

50

20min

5075

[ ]1000 5020

100

20 1006040 80

02010

[min]

A

A

A

A

[ ]

20

- 22 -



YamagataUniversity

0 25 50 75 100

60

5min

6040

40

20 40 60 80 10010min

55

70

55

70

20 45 70 95 120

80

80

50

50

20min


YamagataUniversity

0min 2min

60

6min

93

6

90

6093

90

60

10min

9060

20min30min

90

60

20 18010060 140

0

A

A

[ ]1809320

200

03015

[min]

A

A

0

[ ]

20


YamagataUniversity

-20 40 100 160 220

130

10min

90

130

90

0 50 100 150 20020min

90

90140

140

30 65 100 135 170

160

160

80

80

30min


YamagataUniversity


YamagataUniversity


YamagataUniversity

- 23 -



YamagataUniversity

15

M6

150

7.5 22.514 4545

25021

2323

7575

135

0.5vol%45%15%0.9%45%VfS/BSF/BSP/BW/B

B C SF C SF SPS Vf 6mm

[mm]

HDPE


YamagataUniversity

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

Load

[kN

]

Resistance change ratio [-]

CMOD [mm]

(CMOD)

CMOD


YamagataUniversity

20

25

30

35

40

45[ ]

40V 20 50V 20


YamagataUniversity

84 190%

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

1st loading2nd loading

CMOD [mm]0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

1st loading2nd loading

CMOD [mm]

Load

[kN

]

60 86%


YamagataUniversity

( : 5cc)

( : 75mm)

(JIS A 6909)

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.80

2

4

6

8

Self-repaired

Without repairing


YamagataUniversity

- 24 -


, JCI2008 , Jul., 2008 #1

TohokuUniversity

, JCI2008 , Jul., 2008 #2

TohokuUniversity

, JCI2008 , Jul., 2008 #3

TohokuUniversity

, JCI2008 , Jul., 2008 #4

TohokuUniversity

SiCSiO2

pp.13-50 2003

, JCI2008 , Jul., 2008 #5

TohokuUniversity

13

, JCI2008 , Jul., 2008 #6

TohokuUniversity

- 25 -


, JCI2008 , Jul., 2008 #7

TohokuUniversity

self-repairing

autogenous healing

, JCI2008 , Jul., 2008 #8

TohokuUniversity

Natural Healing/

Automatic Healing


Autogenous Healing/

Recovery/


AutonomicHealing

/

, JCI2008 , Jul., 2008 #9

TohokuUniversity

wikipedia

, JCI2008 , Jul., 2008 #10

TohokuUniversity

etc... etc...

, JCI2008 , Jul., 2008 #11

TohokuUniversity

, JCI2008 , Jul., 2008 #12

TohokuUniversity

- 26 -


2008 4

2008 4

- 27 -

B2:wB :wBD:wB.:h a g 0 { ß N V f ¢ { ß > ® < ß > ® ® Ù Â ¨ º E < J É / 2 Ä > w h a g K...

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