Gratiana boliviana
Natural EnemiesTropical Soda Apple
biodiversityAna Samayoa
Predators of Gratiana boliviana
Family: Araneidae Genus: Argiope Species: aurantia Common name: Yellow Garden Spider
Family: Oxyopidae Genus:Peucetia Species: viridans Common Name: Lynx Spider
Family: Formicidae Genus: Solenopsis Species: invicta Common Name: Red Imported Fire Ant
Family: Pentatomidae Genus: Stiretrus Species: Anchorago Common name: Predatory stink
bug
Family: Pentatomidae Genus: Stiretrus Species: Anchorago Common name: Predatory stink
bug
Family: Reduviidae Genus: Sinea Species: sp. Common name: Assassin bug
Family: Lygaeidae Genus: Geocoris
Family: Carabidae Genus: Calleida Species: decora (F)
Family: Miridae Genus: Tupiocoris
Herbivores of Tropical Soda Apple
Family: Sphingidae Genus: Manduca Species: Sexta
Family: Sphingidae Genus: Manduca Species: Sexta
Family: Arctiidae Genus: Hypercompe Species: scribonia Common name: Giant leopard
moth
Family: Arctiidae Genus: Hypercompe Species: scribonia Common name: Giant leopard
moth
Family: Chrysomelidae Genus: Leptinotarsa Species: decemlineata Common name: Colorado Potato Beetle
Family: Chrysomelidae Genus: Leptinotarsa Species: decemlineata Common name: Colorado Potato Beetle
Family: Pentatomidae Genus: Arvelius Species: Albopunctatus Common name: Stink bug
Parasitoids of G. boliviana Family: Eulophidae Subfamily:Tetrastichinae
Pupae showing exit hole
Family: Chalcididae Genus: Conura Species: side
Pupae showing exit hole
Conditions of eggs and larvae collected from the field
Methods Field sites located in St. Lucie Co.
and Okeechobee Co. Eggs and larvae collected along a
TSA infested transect Eggs evaluated as: dehydrated,
hatched and others (black and disease)
Larvae evaluated as: healthy (adults) or black (potential disease)
Larvae Rearing Method
St. Lucie Co. Eggs Conditions
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Dehydrated Hatch Black
126 eggs collectedSeptember 2007
Okeechobee Co. Eggs Conditions
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Dehydrated Hatch Disease
131 eggs collectedOctober 2007
St. Lucie Co. larvae Conditions
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Adults / Healthy Black
49 larvae collected
Okeechobee Co. larvae conditions
47 Larvae collected
Pathogens of Gratiana boliviana
Sick yellow larvae
Healthy green larvae
Microsporidia: Nosema found in midgut
ID by Dr. Boucias
Spores
Short gram negative bacteria rods on first
larvae
ID by Dr. Boucias
Pictures available at:
http://bcrcl.ifas.ufl.edu/GratianaForm_files/TSA.htm