UNIT 7

GRAPHIC DESIGN

There are two types of drawing:

Artistic drawing: we can express a feeling Technical drawing: we can represent an object in a natural and objective way.

Drawing tools

DRAWING PENCILS There are two types:

• B means soft • H means hard

Hard pencils are appropriate for technical drawings and soft pencils are appropriate for artistic drawings.

PAPER

There are papers in different sizes. A4 is the most common paper.

A0 is the biggest and A5 is the smallest paper. We always use A4.

RULER You can use a ruler to draw straight lines.

PROTRACTOR You can use a protractor to measure angles

SET SQUARES

You can use Set Squares to draw accurate angles. The most common are 45 and 60/30 degrees

We can draw parallel and perpendicular lines.

Parallel lines: never cross one to another Perpendicular lines: they cross in one point and there is an angle of 90 degrees between them

COMPASS

A compass is used for drawing circles

Outline and Sketch

Outline is the first image of an object in our mind Sketch: In this drawing we show the final ideas of our outline

SCALE OF DRAWINGS

The Scale is the relation between the size of the drawing and the size of the real object. We write the scale with two numbers separated by two points There are three types of scales

Small-scale.For exampe 1:2 (half)

Large scale. For example 2:1 (double)

Natural scale is when the size is the same (the real object and the drawing) 1:1

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION. MAIN VIEWS (Sistema diédrico)

• Front view: is the image of the object if you are in front of it

• Plan view: is the image if you are above

• Side view: is the image if you are on the left

DRAWING IN PERSPECTIVE

• Isometric projection: The angles among the three axes are 120º degrees

• Oblique projection: One of the angles is 90º degrees and the other is 135º

Oblique projection

Isometric projection

EXERCISES

• Complete the three shapes in oblique projection.

• Complete these sentences. Use the following words A ruler hard pencils oblique perpendicular a compass the scale outline The relation between the size of the drawing and the size of the real object is…….. …….. is used to draw straight lines. We use a ……….for drawing circles …… is the first image of an object in our mind. ………………..are appropriate for technical drawing In…………..projection one of the angles is 45 degrees. ………….lines: they cross in one point and there is an angle of 90 degrees between them.

• Match the words in English to their meaning in Spanish Pencil escuadra/cartabón Refillable lápiz Ruler transportador de ángulos Set squares portaminas Protractor regla

• Complete the table

OBJECT NAME DESCRIPTION

refillable pencil

Pencil sharpeners

• Draw the front view, the side view and the plant view of every piece.