ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY

WHAT AM I

GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION

OF THE EARTH

FERDINAND AGDORO SHELLA LANSANGAN

WHAT DO YOU THINK

MAPS

GLOBE

MAP

A graphical representation of all part of the earth on a flat surface.

Presents certain information about the world we live in.

Shows some patterns of distribution, such as population, rainfall, food production and settlements.

Shows the sizes, shapes, directions and exact locations of countries.

Shows how different features such as rivers, roads, cities and coastlines are arranged on the Earth’s surface.

Shows how places differ from one another.

MAP

Geographers use the map more often because maps can easily be transported or carried. They can easily be folded and stored and can easily be replicated using less expensive.

ROAD MAPS – used by travelers to enable for them to arrive at their destination without getting lost and wasting time.

KINDS OF MAPS

WEATHER MAPS – important to meteorologists in preparing accurate weather forecasts.

DEMOGRAPHIC MAPS – show the countries that are densely or sparsely populated.

ECONOMIC MAPS – feature the type of natural resources or economic activity that dominates an area. 

PHYSICAL MAPS – illustrate the physical features of an area, such as the mountains, rivers and lakes.

POLITICAL MAPS – do not show physical features. Instead, they indicate state and national boundaries and capital and major cities. 

TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS – include contour lines to show the shape and elevation of an area.

(from Greek khartēs, "map"; and graphein, "write")

 The study and practice of making maps. Believed to have originated from the ancient

Greeks One of the earliest known maps was drawn on a

clay tablet showing an area in Mesopotamia dating back about 4,000 years ago.

CARTOGRAPHY

GRID SYSTEM or network of lines of latitude and longitude on a world map was developed.

ERATOSTHENES speculated on a the size of the Earth utilizing mathematics.

PTOLEMY produced a geography book containing maps and valuable information of some 8,000 places.

CHINESE was credited for the first printed map that was published at about 1150.

Later, more maps were made available through the art of printing.

CARTOGRAPHERS – the people who make maps. In the preparation of maps , they consider four basic aspects of the Earth’s surface:

a. distanceb. directionc. Aread. shape

An orderly arrangement of meridians and parallels on which one draws a map.

The different ways of portraying the Earth on a plane are through the different map projections.

a. Mercator Projectionb. Equal Area Projectionc. Gnomonic Projection

MAP PROJECTION

Shows the lines of longitude and latitude as straight lines. These lines meet each other at right angles. This makes the plotting and reading of directions easy.

Shows the true or correct shapes of areas on Earth.

Time zones can also be shown in this projection.

a. Mercator Projection

b. Equal Area Projection Shows the area of a place correctly. Used in showing certain features on Earth

like the distribution of forest areas, rainfall, population and the like.

Shows true directions This is the map used by pilots. This is used to find out the shortest way or

the air route between two places.

c. Gnomonic Projection

A. GENERAL REFERENCE MAPS- Present important geographic features

such as plains, mountains and rivers. - Give cultural information about towns

cities and boundaries- Show locations of countries, cities, road

networks and boundaries

TWO GENERAL CLASSIFICATIONS OF MAPS

B. SPECIAL PURPOSE OR THEMATIC MAPS- Show distributions or arrangements of things

on the Earth’s surface. (1) Physical Thematic Maps – display the

distribution of natural features such as minerals, vegetation, soils and rainfall.

(2) Cultural Thematic Maps – show the distribution of cultural phenomena like religion, population, language, ethnic groups, transportation and communication facilities.

A. TITLE – suggests or tells what the map contains or what kind of map we are looking at.

B. LEGEND – explains the different symbols or signs used on the map.

C. SCALE – shows the relationship between the size or distances on the map and the corresponding size or distances on the Earth. (1) Graphic Scale – a bar scale; expressed in km or miles (2) Verbal Scale- expressed in written form such as “an inch to a mile” (3) Fractional Scale or Numerical Ratio

BASIC ELEMENTS OF A MAP

D. DIRECTION – indicates the orientation of the map.

E. LONGITUDE AND LATITUDE –show the geographical extent of the area covered by the map.

GLOBE

A small scale model of earth Man’s closest approximation of the Earth Accurately shows the distances, locations,

directions, shapes and sizes of areas over the Earth’s surface

Shows the true proportions of continents and oceans

Makes the study of the relationships among continents, regions or countries much easier

GLOBE

The first globe was produced by the Greeks around 1,600 years ago.

ALBEIT CRUDE – the first globe that was actually made by Crates in Greece 150 B.C.

MARTIN BRHAIM – constructed the oldest globe in existence in 1492 in Germany.

ORIGIN OF THE GLOBE

To sum it up . . . The two important geographical representation of the

earth are: 1. Maps

2. Globe Maps - A graphical representation of all part of the

earth on a flat surface. Kinds of Maps – road maps, weather maps,

demographic maps, physical maps, economic maps, political maps, and topographic maps

Map Projection- An orderly arrangement of meridians and parallels on which one draws a map.- Marcator, Equal Area and Gnomonic Projection

Two general classifications of maps : a. General reference maps b. Special purpose

maps (physical thematic and cultural thematic maps)

Basic Elements of a Map- Title- Legend- Scale (graphic, verbal, fractional scale)- Direction- Longitude and Latitude

Cartography - The study and practice of making maps

Cartographers – the people who make maps.

Globe - A small scale model of earth; Man’s closest approximation of the Earth

The first globe was produced by the Greeks around 1,600 years ago.

Agdoro, Ferdinand D.