GRAMMARReducing Clause

Reduce clause = make a clause into

phrase

By: Agus Salim, S.Psi.

Do you remember what is the different between Clause and

Phrase?

On having subject and verb

The answer is …………………………………….

REDUCING CLAUSE (Adjective clause)

How to reduce a clause to be a phrase?

HERE ARE THE RULES

VERB

MARKER*connectors/relative

pronoun/subject

OMIT

WHO, WHICH, WHEN, WHERE,

THAT etc.

ACTIVEPASSI

VEVERB + ING

VERB + ED (V3)

TO BE

REDUCING

Present. Cont. V + Ing (without to be)

Example

The man who lives next to me is kindadjective clause

The man who lives next to me is kind

#1 - Marker/relative pronoun OMITTED#2- active verb -> Verb + ing

living

Result after being reduced

The man Ø living next to me is kindThe man living next to me is kind

active

The letter which is sent last week is importantadjective clause (in passive form)

#1 - Marker/relative pronoun OMITTED#2- passive verb -> OMIT “to be”

Result after being reduced

The letter Ø Ø sent last week is important

The letter which is sent last week is important

The letter sent last week is important

Examplepassive

WARNING

Not all adjective clause can be reduced.

#1 - ONLY when connectors is followed directly by a verb. In other word, an adjective clause can only

be reduced if the connectors is also a subject.

#1 - The man that I just met is the tour guide.

EXAMPLES:

#2 - The letter which you sent me arrived yesterday

(Is not reduced)

(Is not reduced)

connectors/marker (that ) followed by a subject, “I”

connectors/marker (which) followed by a subject, “you”

Exercise 1. The meeting, which was scheduled for last week, did not

take place.2. The plane, which is taking off now, is Boeing 4773. The case, which stands in the corner, is for new books.4. A room, which is painted white, appears to look larger.5. The soup that I had for lunch was too salty.6. The people whom Ani isvisiting live on A. Yani Street.7. All people whom I asked them to my party was coming8. The man that is reading thick book is my roommate.9. The teacher who motivates us is really kind person.10. The team who won football competition gets a lot of

money.

Answer Keys

1. The meeting scheduled for last week did not take place.2. The plane taking off now is Boeing 4773. The case standing in the corner is for new books.4. A room painted white appears to look larger.5. The soup that I had for lunch was too salty. (NR)6. The people whom Ani isvisiting live on A. Yani Street. (NR)7. All people whom I asked them to my party was coming. (NR)8. The man reading thick book is my roommate.9. The teacher motivating us is really kind person.10. The team winning football competition gets a lot of money.

THANK YOUWe have done a gooood Job together.

Now, let’s celebrate it!