Parte Dos!

Table of Contents1. Imperfect vs Preterite2. Future vs Conditional3. Por4. Para5. Commands6. Present Perfect7. Double Object Pronouns8. Adverbs9. Subjunctive10. Se Impersonal11. Progressive w/ir, andar, y seguir

Imperfect vs Preterite

Form -AR -ER, -IR

Yo -é -í

Tú -aste -iste

Ella/Él/Ud. -ó -ió

Nosotros -amos -imos

Vosotros -asteis -isteis

Ellos/Ellas/Uds.

-aron -ieron

The preterite tense allows you to refer to specific past actions performed (1) at a

fixed point in time, (2) a specific number of times, (3) during an enclosed amount of

time.

Imperfect tense is used to represent things that happened in the past that occurred repeatedly or occurred over a period of

time. It’s like a movie in the past.

Trigger Word TranslationAyer Yesterday

AnteayerThe day before yesterday

Anoche Last nightLa Semana Pasada Last weekEl Mes Pasado Last monthEl Año Pasado Last yearEl Fin De Semana Pasado

Last weekend

Form AR ER/IR

Yo -aba -ía

Tu -abas -ías

El/Ella/Usted -aba -ía

Nosotras/Nosotros -ábamos -íamos

Vosotros/Vosotras -abais -íais

Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes -aban -ían

VERveía veíamos veías veíais

veía veían

IRibaibasiba

íbamosibaisiban

SERera éramos eras erais

era eran

Future vs ConditionalThe future tense is

used to tell what "will" happen, or what "shall" happen.

However, the future tense is NOT used to express a willingness

to do something.

Form Ending

Yo -é

Tú -ás

Ella/Él/Ud. -á

Nosotros -emos

Ellos/Ellas/Uds.

-án

Ex: Using the verb hablar, to

speak.Yo HabléTu HablásElla HabláNosotros Hablemos

Ellos Hablán

Verb Stem Change

Verb Stem Change

Decir Dir- Venir Vendr-

Hacer Har- Poder Podr-

Poner Pondr- Querer Querr-

Salir Saldr- Saber Sabr-

Tener Tendr- Valer Valdr-

The conditional is used to express

probability, possibility, and is

translated as would, could, must have or

probably.

íaíasía

íamosíaisían

HablarHablaría

Hablarías Hablaría

Hablaríamos Hablaríais Hablarían

veniryo vendría

teneryo tendría

saliryo saldría

deciryo diría

poderyo podría

saberyo sabría

poneryo pondría

haceryo haría

quereryo querría

Por

Por eso

Duration of an action

For, during, in

Reason or motive for an action

Because of, on account of, on behalf of

Object of search

For, in search of

Means by which something is done

By, by way of, by means of

Exchange or substitutionFor, in exchange for

Units of measurePer, by

Por aquí

Por ejemplo

Por fin

ParaDestination

Toward, in the direction of

Deadline or a specific time in the futureBy, for

Purpose or goal + infinitiveIn order to

Recipient of somethingFor

Comparison with others or an opinionFor, considering

In the employ ofFor

Describes the purpose + nounFor, used for

Commands are used when telling someone what to do. Informal commands are used when talking to a friend or a child. Formal commands are used when you want to be

polite or show respect.

• Start with the ‘yo’ form of present indicative

• Drop the ‘-o’ ending• Add on the following

endings:- AR verbs: -e (Ud.) –en

(Uds.)- ER and IR verbs: -a (Ud.)

–an (Uds.)

If the ‘yo’ form is irregular in present

tense, it carries over to the command form as

well.

Tener – TenganTraer – TraigaVenir -- Venga

FORMAL

Commands

Present Perfect

The present perfect is created by taking the verbs ‘has’ or ‘have’ and combining them with the past participle. Two verbs are required: the main verb and the ‘have’ or ‘has’.

HeHasHa

HemosHabéis

Han

The past participial is created by dropping the infinitive ending and adding –ado or –ido.

--(yo) He comido.I have eaten.--(tú) Has comido.You have eaten.--(él) Ha comido.He has eaten.--(nosotros) Hemos comido.We have eaten.--(vosotros) Habéis comido.You-all have eaten.--(ellos) Han comido.They have eaten.

HABER

Double Object PronounsDO Pronouns English

me me

te you (familiar)

lo, lahim, her, it, you (formal)

nos us

os you-all (familiar)

los, las them, you-all (formal)

le lo = se lole la = se la

le los = se losle las = se lasles lo = se loles la = se la

les los = se losles las = se las

AdverbsMost Spanish adverbs are

formed by adding -mente to the feminine singular form of

the adjective. This ending

corresponds to -ly in English. Adjectiv

eFem. Form Adverb

claro clara claramente

constante constante constantemente

difícil difícil difícilmente

Bastante quiteDemasiado too

Mal badlyMucho a lot

Siempre always

Muy veryNunca neverPeor worsePoco little

Subjunctive

• Attitudes • Uncertain • Hypothetical

Conjugate & put in yo form with opposite vowel

Hablarhable,

hables, hable,

hablemos, hableis,

hablan

Irregulars:Conducir—condusca Decir—diga Oír—oíga Dar—déEstar—esté Ir—vaya Saber—sepa Ser—sea Hacer—haya

Wish & WantEmotionDoubt (No creer, No pensar)DenialImpersonal ExpressionNegation, non-existingGod (ojala)/Guess

Expresses:Will & influence, emotion, doubt, disbelief, & denial.

Es importante que…Es necessario que…Es posible que…Es probable que..Ojala que…

Se Impersonal

• Use se to avoid specifying a person who is doing the action of the verb.– Se vende fruta en la frutería.

• When using se, the verb is always in 3rd person.– Aqui, se habla español.

• Se can be used in all tenses.– Se hizo mucho.– Se hara mucho.– Se había mucho.

Se necesita que la gente proteja la Tierra. (It's necessary that people protect the Earth.)

Se habla español aquí.

(Spanish is spoken here.)

EXAMPLE:

Progressives w/Ir, Andar, Seguir

Ir+ando/iendo/yendo

Slowly but surely _____ing

Andar+ando/iendo/yendo

Is going around____ing

Seguir(e>i)+ando/iendo/

yendoIs still____ing

ella anda buscando trabajo = she's going around looking for work

ella va adaptándose a su puesto = She is slowly but surly adjusting to her job

Él sigue buscando trabajo = He is still looking for work