Grammar book 2
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Transcript of Grammar book 2
Victoria Thompson
SP2H
Sixth Period
1) Imperfect
2) Preterite
- car, gar, zar
- spock
-cucaracha
-snake
3) Modal
4) Adverbs
- Irregular
5) Progressive
- Present
-Past
6) FutureIrregulars
7) Superlatives
8) Formal commands
9) Prepositions
10) Demonstratives
Pronoun ar ending er/ir ending
Yo aba ía
Tú abas ías
Él/Ella/Usted aba ía
Nosotros abamos íamos
Vosotros abais íais
Ellos/Ellas/ Ustedes
aban ían
Uses: ongoing action (was/were) repeated action no definite beginning or end time/date/age/feelings/descriptionsInterrupted activity (cuando)
Preterite is a perfected action in the past. It is a “snapshot”.
Ar Verbs Er/Ir VerbsPronoun Ending
Yo -é
Tú -aste
Él/Ella/Usted -ó
Nosotros -amos
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes -aron
Pronoun Ending
Yo -í
Tú -iste
Él/Ella/Usted -ió
Nosotros -imos
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes -ieron
-car, -gar, -zar Yo New Conjugation
-car Yo -qué
-gar Yo -gué
-zar Yo -cé
hice, hiciste, hizo, hicimos, hicieron
Andar Anduv-
Estar Estuv-
Poder Pud-
Poner Pus-
Querer Quis-
Saber Sup-
Tener Tuv-
Venir Vin-
Decir Dij-
Traer Traj-
Conducir Conduj-
Producir Produj-
Tradiucir Traduj-
-e-iste-o-imos-isteis-ieron
-e-iste-o-imos-isteis-eron
Snake (Dormir)-Dormí-Dormiste- Durmió-Dormimos- Dumieron
Snakey (Leer, creer, oir)- Leí- Leiste-Leyó-Leimos- Leyeron
Conjugate and pair modal verbs with an infinitive to get a new meaning
Ir + a + infinitive (going to do something)
Poder + infinitive (are able to do something)
Querer + infinitive (want to do something)
Deber + infinitive (should do something)
Tener + que + infinitive (to have to do something)
Soler + infinitive (to be accustomed to)
Necisitar + infinitive (to need to so something)
Most Spanish adverbs mimic the following model
Feminine form of an adjectiv e + -mente
Claro Clara + -mente = Claramente
Those that cannot be put in the feminine form usually just add –mente
Difícil + -mente = Difícilmente
When two or more adverbs modify the same verb, only the second one uses the -mente ending.
Juan trabaja lenta y cuidadosamente.
Mucho a lot Muy very Mal bad Bastante quite/enough Nunca never Peor worse Bien good/well Ya already Tan so Demasiado too Poco little Siempre always
The present progressive is formed by combining the verb "to be" with the present participle. (The present participle is merely the "-ing" form of a verb.)
Conjugated Estar + (infinitive – ar + ando or iendo)
Estoy hablando.
I am talking.
It’s a lot like present preogressive, only you use the imperfect form of estar.
Estaba caminando.
I was walking.
Infinitive + é
ás
á
emos
án
caber (to fit) cabr- decir (to say) dir- hacer (to do, make) har- poder (to be able to) podr- poner (to put, get/make1) pondr- querer (to want) querr- saber (to know) sabr- salir (to leave, go out) saldr- tener (to have, have to) tendr- valer (to be worth) valdr- venir (to come) vendr- haber (to have -en/-ed) habr-
+ éásáemosán
Conditional is used to express probability or possibility, and is usually translated as would, could, must have or probably.
Infinitive + íaíasíaíamosíaisían
El alumno dijo que estudiaría una hora más.The student said that he would study one more hour.
¿Qué hora sería?What time could it have been?
Estaría en su casa.He must have been at home.
Estaríamos ocupados cuando llamaste.We were probably busy when you called.
article + noun + más (menos) + adjective + de
María es la chica más delgada de la clase.Mary is the thinnest girl in the class.
María es la más delgada de la clase.Mary is the thinnest in the class.
Positive and negative Usted commands follow the same model.
Start by putting the verb in the “yo” form. Then change to the opposite vowel.
If it is negative, add “No” in front of it.
Eat Comer Como Coma.
Don’t eat Comer Como No coma.
Izquierda- left
Derecha- right
Delante -in front of
Detrás- behind
Cerca y lejos- near and far
Abajo- down
Arriba- up
Enfrente- across from
Encima- on top of
Masculine/Feminine
Aquí Allí Allá
THIS THAT THAT OVER THERE
M Este Ese Aquel
F Esta Esa Aquella
THESE THOSE THOSE OVER THERE
M Estos Esos Aquellos
F Estas Esas Aquellas