Julia Noltkamper5/9/122nd period

Grammar Book 2

1. Imperferct

2. Preterite

-Car Gar Zar

-Spock

1. Model

2. Adverb

3. Progressive

-Present

-Past

4 .Future and Irregulars

5 .Superlatives

6. Formal Commoands

7 .Prepositions

8. Demonstatives

Table Of Contents

Forms of imperfect and regular verbs.

Stem: Take the infinitive, and remove the last 2 letters (the infinitive ending)-

hablar habl-- ; comer com-- ; vivir viv—

Endings; -ar verbs -aba, -abas, -aba, -abamos, -abais,- aban.

-er and –ir verbs; -ia, -ias, -ia, -iamos, -iais, -ianIrregular Verbs; Only 3 verbs are irregular in the imperfect;

ser, ir, and ver:

era, eramos iba ibamos veia veiamos eras erais ibas ibais veias veiais era eran iba iban veia veian.

Imperfecto Verbos

Ar Er/Ir

-e -i

-aste -iste

-o -io

-amos -imos

-aron -ieron

PRETERITE (PAST TENSE)

Regular verbs with these endings have spelling changes to the YO form to keep the sound of the verb.

-Car….. YO……que

-Gar….. YO……gue

-Zar….. YO……ce

-Car, -Gar, -Zar

Hacer Dar/Ver Ir/Ser

Hice I Fui

Hiciste Iste Fuiste

Hizo Io Fue

Hicimos Imos Fuiemos

Hicieron Ieron Fueron

Spock- Irregular for Preterite

Irregulares for Preterite

Andar-anduv

Estar- Estuv

Ponder-pud

Poner- pus

Querer- quis

Saber- sub

Tener- tuv

Venir- vin

Decir- dij

Tracer-trej

Cucarachas

Endings;

-e

-iste

-o

-imos

-ieteis

-ieron

Leer Dormir

Lei Domi

Leiste Dormiste

Leyo Durmio

Leimos Dormimos

Leyeron Durmieron

SNAKE Y SNAKEY

Modal verb in right form + infinitive

Modal Verbos

Deber should, ought to, must

Desear to desire

Necesitar to need

Poder can, could, might, be able to

Querer want, would like to

Saber know, know how to

Soler usually, used to

Most Spanish adverbs are formed by adding –mente to the feminine singular form of the adjective. This ending is like the –ly in the English language.

(If 2 adverbs pertain to 1 verb the 1st adverb gets changed to only feminine form and the 2nd one gets changed all thw way to the –mente form.

Adverbos

1. Right form of Estar

Estoy, Estas, Esta, estamos, estais, estan

2. Change verb to ( -ando, -iendo, -yendo)

Comer Comiendo

(comer –er + iendo)

Progressive -Present

It’s used for saying things such as….

I was working…

Estaba trajando. (Trabajaba)

They were studying…

Ellos estaban estudiando ahora

Progressive- Past(El Pasado Progesivo)

Use superlatives when you say something that has the MOST or the LEAST of a certain quanlity.

Most = mas

Least = menos

Jennfier Lopez es el mas alto. (Jennifer Lopez is the tallest)

Superlatives

( I will…)

Infinitive + future ending

Endings;

-e

-as

-a

-emos

-an

Future

Los irregulares

Decer Dir

Hacer Har

Poner Pondr

Salir Saldr

Tener Tendr

Valer Vendr

Ponder Podr

Querer Querr

Saber Sabr

For Ud/ Uds; put the verb in its (YO) form and change to its opposite vowel

ComerComoComa

Negative Form; add (NO) in front of the verb. Conjugate the verb the same way.

(Irregulares + TVDISHES)

Formal Commands

PREPOSITIONSABAJO BELOW

ARRIBA ABOVE

DEBAJO DE UNDER

DENTRO DE INSIDE

ENCIMA DE ABOVE

FUERA DE OUTSIDE

CERCA DE NEAR

LEGOS DE FAR

DETRAS DE BEHIND

Indicate which one…..

Demonstratives

This (near)

That (far) That OverThere

These Those ThoseOverThere

Este Ese Aquel Estos Esos Aquellos

Esta Aquella Estas Esas Aquellas

THE T IS NEAR ME!