GRAFOIL Products · GRAFOIL Products: Leading a Tradition of Excellence GRAFOIL products SET THE...

BUSINESS CONFIDENTIAL© 2007 GrafTech International Holdings Inc. All Rights Reserved.

GRAFOIL ProductsThe most recognized and most trusted brand

of flexible graphite in the world

Presented by GrafTech International Holdings Inc.

© 2006 Advanced Energy Technology, Inc. All Rights Reserved.© 2006 Advanced Energy Technology, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

BUSINESS CONFIDENTIAL2

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Strength in our CompanyGrafTech International: Overview

• $855 million revenue• 2757 employees• Founded in 1886 as the National

Carbon Company• Former Carbon Products Division

of Union Carbide (UCAR)• Publicly traded on the NYSE: GTI• Experienced global supplier• ISO, ISO/TS, QS certified

AET WorldHeadquarters

GrafTech World Headquarters



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Strength in our CompanyGrafTech International: Innovation• 120 years of Technological Innovation

– Founded the flexible graphite industry– Alkaline Batteries (Eveready)– Fuel Cells (Apollo mission to moon: 1960’s)– Carbon and graphite fibers– World-leaders in graphite research– World-renowned R&D Center

• FIVE consecutive R&D 100 Awards– 2003 winner for HS-400 heat sinks– 2004 winner for SPREADERSHIELD™ heat spreaders– 2005 winner for Apollo/Zeus graphite electrodes– 2006 winner for GRAFOAM™ graphite foam– 2007 winner for GRAFCELL® flow field plates



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Strength in our ProductsAET Product Portfolio

NaturalGraphiteScience



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Digitron

Strength in our Global NetworkResources Around the World

BELGIUM

AET WorldHeadquarters: Cleveland, OH

+1-800-253-8003or +1-216-529-3777

Regional Sales ManagerLocal Sales Representative



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GRAFOIL Products:Leading a Tradition of Excellence

GRAFOIL products SET THE STANDARD.

As the most recognized and most trusted brand of flexible graphite for over 40 years,

GRAFOIL flexible graphite was the FIRST fluid sealing material made exclusively

from pure, natural graphite flake.



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GRAFOIL Natural Graphite:Driving Improved Performance• Natural graphite is incredibly versatile

– Raw form is a mineral contained in rock/clay– Finished material is treated and formed– High degree of chemical compatibility,

inert to most chemicals and gases

• Unique Material Properties– Structurally anisotropic– Flexible, Conformable and Compressible

• GRAFOIL products:– Contain no hazardous materials, are non-toxic,

RoHS-compliant, UL94 V0 flammability rated, and API 607 fire retardant

Covered under U.S. and foreign patents.

GrafTech has pioneered the science of natural graphite for sealing solutions



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GRAFOIL Products:The Seal of Assurance

• 100% natural graphite • no binders or fillers • non-fibrous • no shelf life •• will not harden or set with time or temperature •

GRAFOIL natural graphite is extracted

from the rock, purifiedand powdered into flake

In its raw form, natural graphite exists as a mineral contained in rock

The particles are compressed into sheets to form

GRAFOIL products

The flake is treated, then

expanded with heat and arranged in a smooth bed



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GRAFOIL Products:Natural Graphite Manufacturing Process• Expandable when compounds are “inserted” between the graphite planes• Oxidants (nitrates, chromates, peroxides, electrolysis) open the crystal• Intercalants (nitrates or sulfates) penetrate between the crystal layers

Exfoliated Flake

Calender Line

Intercalated Flake

(VIDEO)



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GRAFOIL Production : All Inclusive Manufacturing Leader

– Flake Treating facilities– Multiple Rolling line capacity for increased flexibility in producing

different thickness, width and density combinations– Multiple manufacturing locations for disaster backup– Laminating, slitting, sheeting, rerolling and finished product

fabrication capability– Supply single thickness sheet and laminates in both rolls and cut

sheets– Single thickness sheet available from 0.002” to 0.060”– Laminates available in 1/32”, 1/16” and 1/8” standard thickness– Multiple widths available– Full product line: Nuclear, Industrial, Automotive, and Specialty

Grades



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GRAFOIL Sealing Solutions are…• Anisotropic

– Maintains different physical properties in different directions

• Resilient and Compressible– Recovers after compression,

protecting from load loss caused by bolt stretch

• Naturally Lubricious– Maintains performance and sealability

where surface movement exists

• Thermally Stable– Will not cold flow or creep

under normal gasket loads and no embrittlement occurs

• Easily Cut– Using conventional tools



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GRAFOIL Products are…Quality Certified• ISO/TS 16949:2002• QS-9000-1998 registered since 2000• ISO-9002-1994 registered since 1996• 10 CFR 50 Appendix B• 10 CFR Part 21• ISO-10012 Calibration System• Mil Q 9858

Rigorously Tested• Klinger Machine

– DIN 3535 Sealability– ASTM F2378 Sealability– BSI F125 Hot Creep– ASTM Hot Compression Test

• LECO TGA 601 – FSA MG604-6 (Oxidation Test)

• FSA Steam Test Rig• All standard ASTM 104 Test Procedures

– Tensile, Density, Compressibility, Recovery, Creep Relaxation, Sealability, Fluid Soaking, Sulfur



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Top Gasket Performance Criteria1. Creep Relaxation

(at elevated temperature)• GRAFOIL GTB = 3%

• Low creep relaxation over a wide temperature range through multiple cycles

2. Sealability(over time and temp vs. load)• GRAFOIL GTB <1.5 ml/min

• Good sealability at low loads



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Top Gasket Performance Criteria3. Tensile Strength (SWGs)

• GRAFOIL GTD = 700 psi

4. Chemical Compatibility• Inert to most chemicals / gases

5. Fire Safety• Non-combustible, UL94 V0

flammability rated, API 607 fire safe, PVRC FIRS test fire safe

6. Impurities and contaminates• Extensive flake approval and

verification process traces elements back to source deposit and eliminates oxidation and corrosion enhancing impurities.

7. Recommended use temp range• GRAFOIL GTX = up to 1000°F

(538°C)• GRAFOIL GTB = up to 975°F

(525°C)• GRAFOIL GTD/GTE = up to

850°F (450°C)



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Purity ≠ Performance:How Important is Ash Content?• Test results prove that ash content…

– has LITTLE effect on influencers of gasket performance: sealability, creep relaxation, fire safety, and use temperature

• BUT trace impurities…– have a BIG impact on performance, EVEN at ppm levels not detected

by “ash” measurements – including sulfur, sodium and chlorides

• AND trace additives…– such as phosphorous, can greatly reduce oxidation weight loss rates

• REMEMBER… 98% purity can = up to 20,000 ppm of impurities!!– Some elements at small ppm can influence properties and performance

Don’t confuse purity with performance!

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Impurities and Contaminates:GRAFOIL Products v. Competitor Materials

In addition, Chinese material may contain:• Chromium, Lead, Mercury• Alkaline Metals (Sodium and Potassium)

– can lead to galvanic corrosion and high oxidation rates• Magnesium, Calcium and Barium

– very difficult to remove chemically or thermally and may form abrasive carbides– can result in excessive die wear for gasket cutters

Critical Impurity Element GRAFOIL Sheet Chinese Flake Chinese Sheet

Chromium (Cr) < 5 ppm to 40 ppm up to 4600 ppm

Sodium (Na) < 150 ppm > 500 ppm up to 1000 ppm

Sulfur (S) < 500 ppm > 1000 ppm up to 2000 ppm



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Growing Concerns over Chinese Products• 20 Percent of China's Goods Substandard

ABC News: July 4, 2007– “In the first half of 2007, 19.1 percent of products made

for domestic consumption were found to be substandard, China's General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine said…”

• Chinese Regulators Find Mobile Phone Batteries That Can ExplodeNew York Times: July 6, 2007– “Chinese regulators … found Motorola and Nokia mobile

phone batteries that failed safety tests and were prone to explode under certain conditions.”

– “The dark side of this [Chinese economic growth] boom, however, has been a culture of counterfeiting or copying high-end western products.”

Will naturalgraphitebe next?



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Impurities and Contaminates:GRAFOIL Products v. Competitor Materials

Typical condition of 400 series stainless steel after 7 month exposure

Chinese Material:Extensive visible pitting, pit depth 0.0053” (0.13 mm)

GRAFOILInhibited Products: Minimal visible pitting

with max pit depth 0.0007” (0.018 mm)

• Density Variation of GRAFOIL products = 5% AWU– BUT Chinese Material is up to 20%!

• GRAFOIL products shipped within 1-2 weeks, 98% OTD– BUT Chinese Material can take up to 6-8 weeks for delivery!



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GRAFOIL Products SET THE STANDARDin Quality, Performance and Service• Quality

– Extensive flake approval and verification process• Low leachable chlorides and low sulfur to minimize corrosion• Low sodium to minimize oxidation

– Minimum Density Variation• Continuous computer monitoring, adjustment, measurement

and SPC control• Minimizes other physical property variations

– Surface-branded laminates guarantee grade and source– ISO/TS 16949:2002 Certified

• Full process traceability, with lot number on each laminate• Shipment certification



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GRAFOIL Products SET THE STANDARDin Quality, Performance and Service• Performance

– Material sourcing and manufacturing process ensures performance– Meets or exceeds industry average for key performance criteria – Standard Industrial Grades (including GTB-based laminates) are

Oxidation/Corrosion Inhibited– The BEST asbestos replacement: higher temperature and pressure

capability than asbestos and compressed non-asbestos sheet

• Service– Unmatched customer service and attention to detail– Expert technical service and product recommendations– Many employees with 20+ years of experience with GRAFOIL

products!



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GRAFOIL Sealing Solutions

AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONSAUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONSAUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONSINDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONSINDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONSINDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS

HEAD GASKETS

CHEMICAL AND PETROCHEMICAL

REPLACEMENT FOR ASBESTOS

SPIRAL-WOUND GASKETS

HIGH-TEMP GASKETS

EGR GASKETS

EXHAUST GASKETS

THROTTLE BODY GASKETS

HIGH-TEMP AND CHEMICAL-RESISTANT

GASKETS / VALVE PACKING



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GRAFOIL Product Portfolio

SINGLE-LAYER MATERIALSINGLESINGLE--LAYER MATERIALLAYER MATERIAL METAL-REINFORCED LAMINATESMETALMETAL--REINFORCED LAMINATESREINFORCED LAMINATES

• GTA: high-purity non-inhibited• GTJ: high-purity inhibited• GTB: inhibited for industrial• GTC: non-inhibited for automotive• Super GTO: inhibited for automotive• GTD: non-inhibited for SWG• GTE: non-inhibited for industrial• GTX: highly oxidation-resistant

• GHE: mechanically bonded GTB to 316SS insert• GHR: adhesively bonded GTB to 316SS insert• GHH: adhesively bonded GTC to LCS insert• GHJ: mechanically bonded GTC to LCS insert• TG251: adhesively bonded GTC to LCS insert

Industrial Grade

Automotive Grade

• GHP: thermally bonded GTB to polymer insert• GHW: thermally bonded GTB to fiber glass insert• GRAFKOTE®: thermally bonded GTB to plastic

coating (single- or double-sided)

NON-METAL REINFORCED LAMINATESNONNON--METAL REINFORCED LAMINATESMETAL REINFORCED LAMINATESOTHER PRODUCTSOTHER PRODUCTSOTHER PRODUCTS

• GHL: GTB laminated to thickness• GTH: adhesive-backed GTB tape• GTS: thread sealant from high purity graphite• UCAR®-323: reinforced PTFE gasketing• TG411: purified material for semiconductors



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Guide to GRAFOIL Product Selection• Available grades• Available sizes



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Premium (Nuclear) GradesSINGLE-LAYER MATERIAL• What is Grade GTA?

– Non-inhibited flexible graphite– Typically 99.8% graphite – Applications: Nuclear and semiconductor

• What is Grade GTJ?– Oxidation/corrosion inhibited flexible graphite– Typically 99.8% graphite – Applications: Nuclear and semiconductor applications that require an

oxidation/corrosion inhibitor

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS

INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONSAPPLICATIONS



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Industrial GradesSINGLE-LAYER MATERIAL• What is Grade GTB?

– Oxidation/corrosion inhibited– Typically 98% graphite – Applications: Most standard industrial

fluid sealing applications

• What is Grade GTD?– Uninhibited– Specifically designed as spiral wound

gasket filler material– Typically 98.5% graphite – Applications: Filler material in spiral

wound gaskets (SWG)



METAL-REINFORCED LAMINATES• What is Grade GHE?

– 316/316L stainless steel tanged insert (0.004" thick) mechanically clinchedto GTB sheet facing

– Applications:Sheet gaskets

• What is Grade GHR?– 316/316L stainless steel flat insert

(0.002" thick) adhesively bonded to GTB sheet facing

– Applications:Sheet gaskets

All flat gaskets to class 150 and class 300 flanges



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GRAFOIL TG411 Purified Material for Semiconductor Applications• What is Grade TG411?

– Grade TG411 is a purified GRAFOIL flexible graphite material made especially for semiconductor applications

– Typically has less than 20 ppm total impurities– Available in sheets or rolls up to meter wide

• Typical Applications– Semiconductor furnace liners, shields, and separation planes– Compressible layer for protecting quartz crucibles used in furnaces for

growing silicon single crystal ingots– Semiconductor furnace gaskets to seal around electrodes and lids



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Trace Elemental Analysis:Grades GTA and GTB

Element(ppm) GTA GTB GTC TG-411

Ash % 0.13 1.63 3 20

ICP Ash % 0.11 1.56 2.05 20

Al 47.28 1015.98 1431.9 1

Ba 0.82 2.73 3.61 <0.01

Ca 58.88 544.61 520.48 <1

Cr 5.45 4.59 4.59 <0.1

Cu 0.7 6.74 5.13 <0.05

Fe190.28 2344.79 2984.29 3

K 22.19 173.05 236.62 1

Element(ppm) GTA GTB GTC TG-411

Mg 40.03 977.53 1038.1 1

Mn 8.07 11.06 18.24 0.1

Mo 1.35 4.5 4.6 <0.05

Na 19.21 76.79 74.67 2

Ni 11.46 5.79 5.5 0.3

Si 229.69 3509.84 4495.24 5

Sr 0.61 1.52 1.77 <0.01

Ti 11.5 35.43 60.14 0.1

V 14.72 3.84 5.38 0.03

Zn 2.16 3.56 5.7 <0.05

Zr 6.76 9.01 12.22 0.05



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Grade GTX “Low Ox” Material• What is Grade GTX?

– Grade GTX is a highly oxidation-resistant material

– Contains an inorganic, passive corrosion and oxidation inhibitor

• Continuous Use Temperature: – 1000°F (538°C) in oxidizing

environments– (Compared to only 975°F (525°C)

for standard Grade GTB!)

• Applications:– High temperature gasketing– Heat exchangers– Diesel exhaust applications





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Grade GTX “Low Ox” MaterialOxidation Performance

TGA Oxidation Testing: 24 hours at 593C

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Time at temp (hrs)

Wt L

oss

(5)

SGL B (2)

GTC

GTC

Competitive uninhibited F/G

UnhibitedGRAFOIL GTC

GRAFOIL inhibited GTB

GRAFOIL GTX “Low Ox”



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Industrial GradesNON-METAL REINFORCED LAMINATES• What is Grade GHP?

– Laminate with 0.0015" thick polymer insert thermally bonded to GTB – Applications: Easily cut sheet gasket for valves, pumps, pipe flanges/ASME/

API/DIN flanges, glass-lined equip, steam traps, heat exchangers, compressors

• What is Grade GRAFKOTE®?– Laminate with a thin 0.0005" thick polymer coating, thermally bonded to

one or two sides of GTB. – Applications: Surface-toughened sheet gasket for valves, pumps, pipe flanges/

ASME/API/DIN flanges, glass-lined equip, steam traps, heat exchangers, compressors





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Industrial GradesOTHER PRODUCTS• What is Grade GHL?

– GTB with an adhesive bond – Applications: Where a thick GTB material is required, often replacing old

style, thick gaskets

• What is Grade GTH?– GTB sheet with PSA, available crinkled or plain – Applications: Thread sealant tape or form-in-place large diameter gaskets

• What is Grade UCAR-323®?– Woven continuous fiberglass reinforced PTFE sheet – Applications: Low creep PTFE gaskets, electrical isolation of pipelines and

equip, use with sulfuric acid, nitric acid and other strong oxidizing chemicals





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GTS and GTL Products

GTLANTISEIZE COMPOUND

GTSTHREAD SEALANT PASTE

• High-purity graphite and high-purity petroleum-based carrier

• Prevents galling and seizing in threaded connections

• Effective bolt lubricant and antiseize compound

• Outperforms conventional lubricants

• Nuclear grade graphite and nuclear quality petroleum-based carrier

• Seals small diameter, close tolerance threaded pipe joints

• Certified to meet nuclear specifications due to purity and thermal stability

• Ideal replacement for Teflon®thread sealant tape and other conventional materials

NuclearGrade

High-PurityGrade





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Summary• The FIRST fluid sealing materials made from natural graphite• History of working with the MARKET LEADERS in flexible graphite• Renowned expertise helped BUILD THE INDUSTRY for flexible graphite• INVESTING in new product development to meet changing market demands

• Certified Quality– Extensive flake approval and verification– Guaranteed grade and source!

• Unmatched Customer Service– Expert technical service and product recommendations– Employees with 20+ years with GRAFOIL products!

• Proven Performance– Extensive product portfolio– Meets or exceeds industry average for key performance criteria!

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