Writing Direct and Indirect Discourse

I. Learning Objectives

Relay information accurately using direct and indirect discourse. Use direct and indirect speech in giving reports.

II. Subject Matter

A. Topic: Using Direct and Indirect DiscourseB. References: PELC Speaking II

English Language Power 5 pp.264-273C. Materials: pictures, puzzle, comic strips

Value Focus: Accuracy and responsibility

III. Procedure

A. Preparatory Activities

Motivation

Game: Message Relay

Divide the pupils into five groups. Let each group choose a leader. The teacher will relay a message through the leader. Then the leader passes on the message by whispering to the group members. The last member writes the message on a piece of paper and submit it to the teacher. The first group to submit the written work with the correct message wins the game.

Unlocking of Difficulties

Meeting New Words – Let’s Boogie

The teacher gives each group a copy of this puzzle.

N K B O O I Z D L H

Q O U P M N I I L C

F D I S C O U R S E

H I K H F N R E A E

K S U S A Y J C A P

S Q W U L T R T R S

T P X P J G O A E D

W S E A Y U T U E B

Z R N I C M O U Q N

I N D I R E C T A O

The object of the game is to discover words with the highest point value from the letters in the Boogie Box within the given time. This “Boogie Box”. will be provided by the teacher. There are 100 letters in the “Boogie Box.”

Each group will start at the same time to find the words defined below. The teacher will give you three minutes for the groups to form words in a given signal. It is advisable to have an English dictionary as reference in settling possible disputes that may arise during the game.

1. ___________ marks - used to mark the beginning and end of a quoted title or passage

2. ___________ - receive and pass on information 3. ___________ - the ability to explains thoughts and feelings by articulate

sounds4. ___________ discourse; tells the exact words of the speaker5. ___________ discourse; tells the relayed or reported speech

Each word in the Boogie Box earns corresponding points.

Words in the Box!

Quotation – 3Relay – 2Speech – 1Direct – 2Indirect – 2

10The group with the highest score wins the game.

B. Development of the Lesson

Presentation

1. Show the picture to the class.

Ask, are you good at interpreting body language? Can you tell what the people in the pictures are saying by their actions?Let’s start the fun!

a. Ask: What was the police officer trying to say by his action? (The police officer meant “Stop” when he raised his hand). What about the referee? (The referee, shouted “Time Out!” as he formed the letter “T” using his hands).

b. Can you guess what the athlete was trying to say? (The athlete said, I’m very tired when he slumped on the ground).

c. What about the conductor, what was he trying to say? (The conductor directed the orchestra to play softer).

d. What about the lady in the picture, what kind of a dancer is she? (She is a ballet dancer. She gestures, “This is my best performance!”)

Say: “You are really good at reading people’s body language!” to compliment the actual response of the class.

2. Say: Based on the finished activity on Body Language, relay what the people said as seen in the pictures. (The teacher will write the possible answers on the board).

Given Statements Expected Answers

Direct Discourse/Speech Indirect Discourse/Speech

A. Given Messages

The police officer signaled, “Stop Mr. Driver!”The referee shouted, “Time Out!”The athlete sighed, “I’m very tired!”The conductor directed the singers, “Sing Softer!”The ballet dancer expressed, “This is my best performance!”

B. Relayed/Reported Messages

The police officer signaled that Mr. Driver had to stop.The referee shouted that it was time out.The athlete sighed that he was tired.The conductor directed the singers to sing softer.The ballet dancer expressed that it was her best performance.

Analysis and Discussions

1. Read the sentences in A.

a. What are the exact words said by: the police officer? the referee? the athlete? the conductor? the ballet dancer? How were you able to tell the exact word of the speaker?

They are separated by quotation marks. b. What do you call these sentences which contain the exact words of

the speaker? These sentences are called direct discourse because they

contain the exact words of the speaker.c. What kind of sentences are they?

These sentences are statements, command or request.2. Read the sentences in B.

a. What information are given in these sentences?b. What do you call these sentences?c. Do sentences A and sentences B have the same information? d. What is the difference between direct and indirect discourse?

Generalization

Recall the differences in structure between a direct and an indirect speech or discourse.

What rules should we follow in changing direct speech to relayed or reported speech?

C. Post Activities

Application

Activity 1–Dyad/Pair

Each member of the pair will be given two of the different discourse below. They will take turns in relaying the direct discourse given to them.

Remember: Follow the rules you have learned.

1. “We will leave early,” said John._____________________________________________________

2. “It’s a silly game,” Mark remarked._____________________________________________________

3. Mother said, “My plants have grown so fast.”_____________________________________________________

4. “Some computers can talk,” said Darwin._____________________________________________________

5. “Kangaroos have long and powerful hind legs,” said Nicole._____________________________________________________

6. “Have you met the new neighbors?” Lina asked her brother._____________________________________________________

7. “Will you join the educational trip?” Joana asked Vina._____________________________________________________

8. “Kindly help me carry these books to the library,” requested Ms. Palma._____________________________________________________

9. “Turn on the light by the stairways,” he said._____________________________________________________

10. “Please buy the materials for my project” Jay pleaded._____________________________________________________

Activity 2

Change each reported statement to direct speech. Observe correct punctuation marks. Write your sentence on a one-half sheet of paper.

1. The children said that cleaning up the house was their task that day.______________________________________________________

2. Girlie said that her brother was washing the dishes.______________________________________________________

3. Bessie quipped that her chore was the easiest.______________________________________________________

4. Cory said she would clean her room.______________________________________________________

5. Mother said that she would prepare their lunch.______________________________________________________

Activity 3

Reporting

Group of four to six members each may use the Relay Table Strategy wherein each member take turns in giving their answers. Example: Student A will answer item #1, student B will answer item

#2, and so on.

Enrichment

Activity 1

Read the narrative and then provide the necessary dialogs for the speech balloons in the comic strips.

The telephone rings. Grace picks it up and answers it; Rowel the caller asks for Sam. Grace tells Rowel to hold the line. She calls Sam and tells him that he has a call. Sam gets the phone. Rowel tells Sam that they are going to attend Emmanuel’s party on Saturday. Sam asks where the party will be held. Rowel tells him that it will be at Willie’s Restaurant. Sam thanks Rowel and says goodbye. Rowel bids him goodbye, too.

Activity 2

Read the comic strip. Report each event using indirect discourse.

Activity 3

Change the indirect discourse to direct discourse and vice versa.Read your sentences to class.

1. The president said they had to think of their project for that school year.

2. The president said that the secretary wrote down notes.

3. “Please give your suggestions,” the president encouraged the group.

4. “I think we can have Reading corners in all rooms,” said Paul.

5. The group said the ideas of Paul were excellent.

6. “Yes, each of us will bring a book for the corner,” added Joan.

7. “How about bringing magazines too?” asked Vino.

8. Geoffrey answered that it was good to have magazines too.

9. “So it’s decided then,” said Paul.

10. “Let’s start this project this coming Monday,” everyone agreed.

Values Integration

When speaking, observe accuracy and responsibility in disseminating messages and information.

IV. Evaluation

Oral or Written

A. Read what each character says, then rewrite it as (a) a direct quotationand (b) as an indirect quotation. Use the simple present tense in your direct quotation.

1. Gatekeeper: There is a maiden in the gate.a. _____________________________________________________b. _____________________________________________________

2. Maidservant: I will take you to the guest room.a. _____________________________________________________b. _____________________________________________________

3. Prince: I will never marry a girl who is not a real princess.a. _____________________________________________________b. _____________________________________________________

4. Queen: I can easily find the truth.a. _____________________________________________________b. _____________________________________________________

5. Princess: I do not know what is in my bed.a. _____________________________________________________b. _____________________________________________________

B. Report the direct discourse by completing the blanks with the missing words.

Example: “I need some flour,” Mother said to the grocery owner. Mother told to the grocery owner that she needed some flour.

1. Is this the brand you want? The man asked Mother. The man asked Mother if _________________________________.

2. “I’ll take it,” Mother said.Mother said _______________________________.

3. “I will buy a tray of eggs, too,” she said.She said ________________ a tray of eggs too.

4. “Do you want some sugar?” the man asked.The man asked ______________ if ______________.

5. “I forgot about it,” Mom said.Mom said _______________________________.

C. Written Test. Put a cross (x) before the discourse that has a different idea or message.

1. a. “I’m so sorry,” he apologized.b. She said, “That’s alright,”c. She said that it was alright.

2. a. He said he was in a hurry.b. She answered him that she wasn’t hurtc. “I was in a hurry,” he said.

3. a. “I’m late for my class,” he said.

b. He said he was late for his class.c. “My teacher will be mad at me,” he said.

4. a. “Who’s your teacher,” she asked.b. She asked who his teacher was.c. He said his teacher was Miss Kahanap.

5. a. “Is she your Math teacher?” she asked.b. “Is your class in room 16?” she wanted to know.c. She wanted to know if his class was in room 16.

6. a. “We’re classmates,” she said.b. She said they were classmates.c. She said she was on the way to class, too.

7. a. She urged him to hurry.b. “Let’s hurry,” she urged him.c. “We can still arrive her time,” she said.

8. a. “Thank God were just on time,” she said.b. “Here she comes,” he said.c. He said they were just on time.

9. a. “Good morning,” the teacher said.b. The teacher said good morning.c. The children greeted her back.

10. a. “She teaches well,” he observed.b. He observed that she teaches well.c. “I think I will enjoy her class,” he said.

V. Assignment

Change the following direct statements to reported statements. Make the necessary changes in verbs or pronouns. Write your sentences in the blanks.

1. The club moderator announced, “The outreach program will start next week.”_______________________________________________________

2. The president added, “Our club will donate old clothes and toys for the poor.”_______________________________________________________

3. Rico exclaimed, “That a great idea!”_______________________________________________________

4. Nikki said, “I will bring canned foods.”_______________________________________________________

5. Liza said, “I will share my old books.”_______________________________________________________