GPS Today, Datums and Data Integration Earth Sciences Sector Canadian Institute of Geomatics GEOTEC...
46
1 GEOTEC Event 2006 Earth Sciences Sector Earth Sciences Sector Earth Sciences Sector Canadian Institute of Geomatics Canadian Institute of Geomatics One One - - Day Workshop Day Workshop March 12, 2009 March 12, 2009 GPS Today, Datums and Data GPS Today, Datums and Data Integration Integration Presented by Pierre Sauvé [email protected] [email protected] NRCan Geodetic Survey Division www.geod.nrcan.gc.ca www.geod.nrcan.gc.ca Earth Sciences Sector Earth Sciences Sector Canadian Canadian Spatial Spatial Reference Reference System System
Transcript of GPS Today, Datums and Data Integration Earth Sciences Sector Canadian Institute of Geomatics GEOTEC...
1
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
Eart
h Sc
ienc
es S
ecto
rEa
rth
Scie
nces
Sec
tor
Eart
h Sc
ienc
es S
ecto
r
Cana
dian
Inst
itute
of G
eom
atics
Cana
dian
Inst
itute
of G
eom
atics
One
One --
Day W
orks
hop
Day W
orks
hop
Marc
h 12
, 200
9Ma
rch
12, 2
009
GPS
Toda
y, Da
tum
s and
Dat
a GP
S To
day,
Datu
ms a
nd D
ata
Inte
grat
ion
Inte
grat
ion
Pres
ente
d by
Pier
re S
auvé
plsa
uve@
nrca
n.gc
.ca
plsa
uve@
nrca
n.gc
.ca
NR
Can
Geo
detic
Surv
ey D
ivis
ion
ww
w.g
eod.
nrca
n.gc
.ca
ww
w.g
eod.
nrca
n.gc
.ca
Eart
h Sc
ienc
es S
ecto
rEa
rth
Scie
nces
Sec
tor
Can
adia
n C
anad
ian
Spat
ial
Spat
ial
Ref
eren
ce
Ref
eren
ce
Syst
emSy
stem
2
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
•Dat
um E
ssen
tials
•Wid
e A
rea
GPS
cor
rect
ion
serv
ices
–C
DG
PS, C
SRS-
PPP
•PH
ASE
Diff
eren
tial G
PS te
chni
ques
–R
TK, B
asel
ine
Post
-Pro
cess
ing
–Geo
detic
con
trol
in B
.C.
–Net
wor
k R
TK
•MSL
Hei
ghts
from
GPS
and
a G
eoid
mod
el
Age
nda
Age
nda
3
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
Dat
ums
Dat
ums
Geo
cent
red
over
Ea
rth’
s tr
ue c
entr
eof
m
assGR
S80
Ellip
soid
ITR
F IT
RF Geo
id
•Sin
ce 19
88: D
ynam
ic Hi
gh
accu
racy
Inte
rnat
iona
l Te
rrest
rial R
efer
ence
Fra
me
Toda
y:no
n-ge
odet
ic (re
crea
tiona
l/map
ping
) GP
S re
ceive
rs st
ill th
ink N
AD83
=WGS
84
Toda
y:no
n-ge
odet
ic (re
crea
tiona
l/map
ping
) GP
S re
ceive
rs st
ill th
ink N
AD83
=WGS
84
•Bef
ore 1
994:
WGS
84 (G
PS d
atum
) wa
s the
sam
e as N
AD83
Geo
cent
red
over
Ea
rth’
s ce
ntre
of
mas
s (a
s kn
own
in
1986
)
GR
S80
Ellip
soid
NA
D83
N
AD
83
Geo
id
•Dat
um o
fficia
lly ad
opte
d by
Ca
nada
and
US in
1986
•Ful
l net
work
read
just
men
t
•Fixe
d to
Nor
th A
mer
ican
tect
onic
plat
e
Noth
Ameri
ca
•In
1994
: WGS
84
ITRF
Cla
rke
1866
Elli
psoi
d
Eart
h’s
cent
re
of m
ass
North
Ameri
ca
NA
D27
NA
D27
Geo
id
•Dat
um u
sed
befo
re 19
86
•Ellip
soid
that
bes
t rep
rese
nted
the
geoi
d in
Nor
th-A
mer
ica
•Not
geo
cent
ric
•Orig
in at
Mea
des R
anch
(US)
•Fro
m tr
aditi
onal
surv
eys (
pre-
1927
) + l
ocal
adju
stm
ents
Meades
Ranch
•NAD
83 is
(nea
r) ge
ocen
tric
(2m
off)
+ ha
sAxis
Orie
ntat
ion
erro
r
4
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
3D p
ositi
on3D
pos
ition
Expr
esse
d in
Car
tesia
nCo
ordi
nate
s(XY
Z)or
Geo
grap
hic C
oord
inat
es (L
at, L
ong,
Heig
ht)
relat
iveto
an el
lipso
id (G
RS80
)
Ellip
soid
H
eigh
t
Sem
i-maj
or a
xis
Sem
iSe
mi--m
ajor
axi
sm
ajor
axi
s
Flat
teni
ngFl
atte
ning
Flat
teni
ng
GRS
80 E
llips
oid
GRS
80 E
llips
oidP P
XY
ZN
orth
Pol
e
Orig
in (E
arth
’s
cent
re o
f mas
s)
y x
z
Greenwich Meridian Equa
tor
ITR
FN
AD
83
NA
D83
Orig
in o
ff by
2m(tr
ansla
tions
TX,
TY,
TZ)
Axis
Orien
tatio
n er
ror
(rota
tions
RX,
RY,
RZ)
~Sam
e Sc
ale
7-pa
ram
eter
tran
sfor
mat
ion
Lat/L
ong
can
be ex
pres
sed
in
UTM
or M
TMpr
ojec
tions
5
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
Diff
eren
ce b
etw
een
WG
S84/
ITR
FD
iffer
ence
bet
wee
n W
GS8
4/IT
RF
and
and
NA
D83
NA
D83
6
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
Mov
emen
t of N
orth
Am
eric
an te
cton
ic p
late
Mov
emen
t of N
orth
Am
eric
an te
cton
ic p
late
•Pl
ate
mov
es 2
cm
per
ye
ar c
ount
er-c
lock
wis
e
•W
GS8
4/IT
RF
–dy
nam
ic
–co
ordi
nate
s ch
ange
ov
er ti
me
•N
AD
83
–fix
ed to
the
Nor
th
Am
eric
an te
cton
ic p
late
–
coor
dina
tes
will
not
ch
ange
ove
r tim
e
exce
pt fo
rex
cept
for ……
..
7
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
Vanc
ouve
r Isl
and
Tect
onic
Pla
te M
otio
nVa
ncou
ver I
slan
d Te
cton
ic P
late
Mot
ion
3 to
10-
year
hor
izon
tal t
rend
rela
tive
to D
RA
O (P
entic
ton)
8
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
Epis
odic
Tre
mor
and
Slip
Epis
odic
Tre
mor
and
Slip
13 to
16
mon
th e
astw
ard
mot
ion
follo
wed
by
1-3
wee
ks o
f rev
erse
mot
ion
(sta
tion
ALB
H)
9
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
Upl
ift/S
ubsi
denc
eU
plift
/Sub
side
nce
Due
to p
ost-g
laci
al re
boun
d
NA
D83
“4-
D”
Velo
city
Grid
ava
ilabl
e so
on
10
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
NA
D83
: One
dat
um, t
wo
mai
n re
aliz
atio
nsN
AD
83: O
ne d
atum
, tw
o m
ain
real
izat
ions
NA
D83
(Orig
.) st
atio
nsre
-obs
erve
d w
ith h
igh-
orde
r GPS
Diff
eren
ce b
etw
een
Orig
inal
and
CSR
S
From
hig
h-or
der G
PS s
urve
ysA
ncho
red
to V
LBI (
1cm
)C
entim
eter
-acc
urac
y 3D
Sinc
e 19
97
NA
D83
(Orig
inal
) and
NA
D83
(CSR
S)Fr
om tr
aditi
onal
sur
veys
Adj
ustm
ent a
ncho
red
to D
oppl
er (1
m)
Varia
ble-
accu
racy
2D
GSD
has
hel
ped
seve
ral
prov
ince
s pr
oduc
e N
AD
83(O
rigin
al)
to N
AD
83(C
SRS)
gr
id s
hift
files
GSD
has
hel
ped
seve
ral
prov
ince
s pr
oduc
e N
AD
83(O
rigin
al)
to N
AD
83(C
SRS)
gr
id s
hift
files
Prov
ince
s ha
ve a
dopt
ed d
iffer
ent
real
izat
ions
/epo
chs
of
NA
D83
(CSR
S)
Prov
ince
s ha
ve a
dopt
ed d
iffer
ent
real
izat
ions
/epo
chs
of
NA
D83
(CSR
S)
11
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
Dat
um tr
ansf
orm
atio
n so
ftwar
eD
atum
tran
sfor
mat
ion
softw
are
••N
Tv2.
0N
Tv2.
0(N
atio
nal T
rans
form
atio
n) s
oftw
are
–A
vaila
ble
no-c
harg
e fro
m G
SD
ww
w.g
eod.
nrca
n.gc
.ca
•Fo
r use
Onl
ine
•Fr
ee d
ownl
oad
–S
oftw
are
Lice
nces
•S
ever
al c
ompa
nies
are
com
mer
cial
ly li
cenc
ed to
dis
tribu
te s
oftw
are
pack
ages
that
incl
ude
NTv
2.–
incl
udes
Can
ada-
wid
e N
AD
27
NA
D83
(Orig
inal
) grid
shi
ft–
addi
tionn
al G
rid s
hift
files
ava
ilabl
e fro
m p
rovi
ncia
l sur
vey
orga
niza
tions
•In
B.C
.: M
ASC
OT
Surv
ey U
tiliti
esht
tp://
aard
vark
.gov
.bc.
ca/a
pps/
mas
cotw
/con
vert
.htm
l
••TR
NO
BS
TRN
OB
Sso
ftwar
e–
NA
D83
(CS
RS
) IT
RF
–Fr
ee O
nlin
e se
rvic
e fro
m G
SD
ww
w.g
eod.
nrca
n.gc
.ca
12
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
NAD83(Original)
NAD27 to NAD83(Original)
comes with NTv2 software
NAD27 to NAD83(Original)
comes with NTv2 software
13
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
GPS
can
ans
wer
the
ques
tions
GPS
can
ans
wer
the
ques
tions
••““ W
here
am
I on
Ear
th?
Whe
re a
m I
on E
arth
? ””–
Tech
niqu
es:
•R
ealti
me
:Bro
adca
st G
PS (u
ncor
rect
ed),
CD
GPS
, WA
AS
•P
ost-p
roce
ssin
g:C
SRS-
PPP
–“A
bsol
ute”
accu
racy
•R
elat
ive
to a
Spa
tial R
efer
ence
Sys
tem
(Dat
um)
Two
rece
iver
3D B
aseli
ne
Meas
urem
ent
Sing
le Re
ceive
r Po
int
Posit
ioni
ng
••““ W
here
am
I re
lativ
e to
a G
PS
Whe
re a
m I
rela
tive
to a
GPS
B
ase
Stat
ion?
Bas
e St
atio
n?””
–Te
chni
ques
:•
Rea
ltim
e ::R
TK
•P
ost-p
roce
ssin
g:Ph
ase
Diff
eren
tial
–“R
elat
ive”
prec
isio
n•
Pre
cisi
on d
epen
dant
on
base
line
leng
th
14
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
Wid
e A
rea
GPS
Cor
rect
ions
Wid
e A
rea
GPS
Cor
rect
ions
–C
ontin
uous
ly-o
pera
ting
Hig
h-En
d D
ual-f
requ
ency
GP
S re
fere
nce
stat
ions
com
pute
:•
Prec
ise
Ephe
mer
ides
–P
reci
se S
atel
lite
Orb
its
–P
reci
se S
atel
lite
Clo
ck C
orre
ctio
ns•
Iono
sphe
re M
odelN
atio
nal a
nd G
loba
l G
PS T
rack
ing
netw
orks
15
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
–C
anad
ian
GP
S T
rack
ing
Net
wor
k
CA
CS
CA
CS
(Can
adia
n A
ctiv
e C
ontr
ol S
yste
m)
(Can
adia
n A
ctiv
e C
ontr
ol S
yste
m)
Cent
ral C
ontro
l Site
at
NRC
an, O
ttawa
Cent
ral C
ontro
l Site
at
NRC
an, O
ttawa
St-J
ohn’
s, Nf
ld.
16
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
IGS
IGS
(Inte
rnat
iona
l GN
SS S
ervi
ce)
(Inte
rnat
iona
l GN
SS S
ervi
ce)
CA
CS
is p
art o
f the
IGS
Glo
bal G
PS T
rack
ing
Net
wor
k
from
whi
ch a
repr
oduc
edG
PS P
reci
se E
phem
erid
es
http
://ig
scb.
jpl.n
asa.
gov/
http
://ig
scb.
jpl.n
asa.
gov/
17
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
Bro
adca
st E
phem
erid
es (+
/-1
to 2
m)
GPS
Pre
cise
Eph
emer
ides
GPS
Pre
cise
Eph
emer
ides
Use
d in
C
SRS
CSR
S-- P
PPPP
PPo
st-
Proc
essi
ng
Prec
ise
Ephe
mer
ides
FIN
AL
(+/-
2 cm
)ava
ilabl
e in
13
days
RA
PID
(+/-
3 cm
) ava
ilabl
e ne
xt d
ay
ULT
RA
RA
PID
(+/-
5 cm
) ava
ilabl
e 90
min
pas
t the
hou
r
Prec
ise
Orb
its a
nd C
lock
Cor
rect
ions
Use
d to
pro
duce
GPS
GPS
-- CCre
altim
e co
rrec
tions
(c
urre
ntly
ava
ilabl
e vi
a C
DG
PS s
ervi
ce)
18
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
CA
CS
CA
CSGPS
GPS
•• CCR
ealti
me
Cor
rect
ions
R
ealti
me
Cor
rect
ions
Cent
ral C
ontro
l Site
RNCa
n, O
ttawa
GPS•
CRe
altim
e Cor
rect
ions
fro
m U
LTRA
RAP
ID
ephe
mer
ides
Cor
rect
ed P
ositi
ons
are
in N
AD
83(C
SRS)
Othe
r pos
sible
dist
ribut
ion
mod
es (I
nter
net,
cellu
lar…
)
MSAT
Otta
wa
CDGP
S Ra
dio
GPS
GPS ••
CC
Mapp
ing
grad
e GP
S
RTCM
cor re
ctio
ns
Dist
ribut
ion
via C
DGPS
Rec
eive
rs w
ith in
tegr
ated
CD
GPS
Nov
atel
, Rav
en, B
eelin
eArr
o,
Sokk
ia, T
opco
n, G
EM
mag
neto
met
ers
(they
all
use
the
Nov
atel
G
PS/C
DG
PSch
ip)
19
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
CD
GPS
CD
GPS
Bro
adca
st
GPS
(WG
S84)
With
CD
GPS
C
orre
ctio
ns(N
AD
83C
SRS)
1-m
eter
ra
dius
CDG
PS
plug
ged
in
CDGP
S
unpl
ugge
d
Whi
teho
rse
Wor
ksho
p (N
ov18
, 200
4)M
appi
ng-g
rade
rece
iver
Met
reM
etre
-- leve
lle
velp
ositi
onin
gw
ith s
ingl
e fr
eque
ncy
rece
iver
Publ
ished
NA
D83(
CSRS
)Co
ordi
nate
s
WGS
84/IT
RFCo
ordi
nate
s fro
m T
RNOB
S
60cm
60cm
posi
tioni
ng w
ith d
ual-f
reqe
ncy
rece
iver
(Nov
atel
)
Com
ing…
.D
ecim
etric
Dec
imet
ricac
cura
cy P
HA
SE
solu
tion
with
real
time
glob
al n
etw
ork
GS
D is
lead
ing
the
IGS
Rea
ltim
e Pi
lot P
roje
ct
20
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
CSR
SC
SRS
-- PPP
PPP
FREE
forG
PS u
sers
WO
RLD
WID
Eht
tp://
ww
w.g
eod.
nrca
n.gc
.ca
http
://w
ww
.geo
d.nr
can.
gc.c
a
Subm
it
E-M
ail
RIN
EX
Prec
ise
Poin
tPo
sitio
nnin
g
21
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
RIN
EX d
ata
RIN
EX d
ata
Rec
eive
r IN
depe
nden
t EXc
hang
e fo
rmat
22
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
Del
ay b
efor
e su
bmitt
ing
data
(
)D
elay
bef
ore
subm
ittin
g da
ta (
)
13h
14h
15h
16h
17h
18h
Raw GPS data
90m
in
Raw GPS data
90m
in
Loca
l Tim
e
-- Soo
n da
tase
ts s
ubm
itted
ear
ly w
ill b
e So
on d
atas
ets
subm
itted
ear
ly w
ill b
e ““ h
eld
held
””un
til U
LTR
Aun
til U
LTR
A-- R
API
D
RA
PID
ep
hem
erid
es a
re a
vaila
ble
ep
hem
erid
es a
re a
vaila
ble
--ULT
RA
-RA
PID
Eph
emer
ides
are
ava
ilabl
e 90
min
utes
afte
r ea
ch h
our
23
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
CSR
SC
SRS
-- PPP
(Sta
tic)
PPP
(Sta
tic)
Cor
rect
ed c
oord
inat
es in
em
ail t
ext
Emai
l Ret
urn
24
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
CSR
SC
SRS
-- PPP
(Sta
tic)
PPP
(Sta
tic)
Geo
detic
Geo
detic
dual
-freq
uenc
y re
ceiv
er
Con
verg
ence
(c
m-le
vel)
186
RIN
EX fi
le fr
om C
AC
S st
atio
ns –
know
n lo
catio
ns
Bes
t GPS
Rec
eive
rsId
eal L
ocat
ions
Whi
teho
rse
AC
P
5 cm
with
2-3
hr
s of
dat
a
25
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
CSR
SC
SRS
-- PPP
(Sta
tic)
PPP
(Sta
tic)
Long
er ti
me
for
conv
erge
nce
Qua
lity
of re
ceiv
ers
and
si
tes
is u
nkno
wn
554
RIN
EX fi
les
subm
itted
by
user
s–lo
catio
ns u
nkno
wn
5 cm
with
2-3
hr
s of
dat
a
26
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
Coo
rdin
ate
conv
erge
nce
(PD
F)C
oord
inat
e co
nver
genc
e (P
DF)
27
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
CSR
SC
SRS
-- PPP
usa
ge w
orld
wid
ePP
P us
age
wor
ldw
ide
28
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
CSR
SC
SRS
-- PPP
PPP
Accu
racy
afte
r Con
verg
ence
80%
of
user
s
–K
inem
atic
PPP
is id
eal f
or a
irbor
ne a
pplic
atio
ns
•LI
DA
R, a
irpho
to•
15 c
m a
ccur
acy
(with
iner
tial s
yste
m)
•no
nee
d fo
r a b
ase
stat
ion
–C
omm
erci
al G
PS s
oftw
are
usin
g th
eir o
wn
“PPP
”•
Leic
a A
PIS
10
29
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
Stat
ic C
SRS
Stat
ic C
SRS
-- PPP
PPP
•Te
st y
our e
quip
men
t at a
kn
own
geod
etic
mon
umen
t–
Use
ful g
raph
s in
PD
F sh
ow c
oord
inat
e co
nver
genc
e
•Ea
sy to
est
ablis
h ce
ntim
etric
-acc
urac
y 3D
geo
detic
con
trol
–
Any
whe
re o
n E
arth
–C
lose
to y
our w
ork
area
–C
orre
cted
coo
rdin
ates
in N
AD
83(C
SRS)
or IT
RF
•Pe
rfec
t com
plem
ent t
o B
asel
ine
PHA
SE D
iffer
entia
lB
asel
ine
PHA
SE D
iffer
entia
lC
orre
ctio
n Te
chni
ques
–
Det
erm
ine
base
sta
tion
coor
dina
tes
(usi
ng C
SRS-
PPP)
•A
bsol
ute
accu
racy
of a
few
cm
–
Do
surv
ey (R
TKan
d/or
Bas
elin
e Po
st-P
roce
ssin
g)
•V
ery
shor
t bas
elin
es•
Rel
ativ
e pr
ecis
ion
of a
few
cm
at e
poch
the
data
was
col
lect
ed
30
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
Bas
elin
e PH
ASE
Diff
eren
tial
Bas
elin
e PH
ASE
Diff
eren
tial
•B
asel
ine
(3D
vec
tor)
isco
mpu
ted
by D
oubl
e-D
iffer
enci
ng–
GP
S P
HA
SEda
tafro
m B
ase
Sta
tion
and
Rov
er a
re c
ombi
ned
in s
uch
a w
ay a
s to
elim
inat
e al
l com
mon
err
ors
Bas
e St
atio
nR
over
Bas
elin
e
diff
X, d
iff Y
, diff
Z
com
pute
d
Accu
racy
de
pend
s on
base
line l
engt
h
1km
10 km
~1cm
~2cm
~2cm
~4cm
Dual-
freq
Sing
le-fre
q
Typi
cal p
recis
ion
(rms)
Base
line l
engt
h30
km
~4 cm
31
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
•B
ase
Stat
ion
can
be
–se
tup
by s
urve
y cr
ew a
t a c
ontr
ol p
oint
•ex
istin
g ge
odet
ic c
ontr
ol (F
ed/P
rov/
Mun
icip
al)
•es
tabl
ishe
d us
ing
Stat
ic C
SRS-
PPP
–op
erat
ed b
y a
Publ
ic A
genc
y •
NR
Can
: CA
CS
raw
dat
a•
Prov
inci
al/M
unic
ipal
bas
e st
atio
ns: r
aw d
ata
or R
TK–
oper
ated
by
Priv
ate
Indu
stry
•
GPS
Man
ufac
ture
r/dea
ler o
r Sur
vey
firm
: raw
dat
aor
RTK
Post
-Pro
cess
ing
Bas
e st
atio
n ra
w
data
Rov
er
raw
da
ta
Bas
e St
atio
n(k
now
n lo
catio
n)
Cent
imet
ric-
accu
racy
RE
LATI
VE
posit
ioni
ng
Bas
elin
e PH
ASE
Diff
eren
tial
Bas
elin
e PH
ASE
Diff
eren
tial
RTK
2 ra
dio
mod
ems
Bas
e St
atio
n
Rov
er
(kno
wn
loca
tion)
Rea
lTi
me
Kin
emat
ic
32
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
RTK
Met
hodo
logy
RTK
Met
hodo
logy
•B
ase
Stat
ion
–C
lear
vie
w o
f sky
–Se
t it t
o lo
g ra
w d
ata
•Fi
rst i
nitia
lizat
ion
(sol
ving
am
bigu
ities
)–
usua
lly ta
kes
10 m
inut
es
•R
over
will
hav
e ce
ntim
etric
pre
cisi
on–
Fixe
d So
lutio
n–
Con
tinuo
us (o
n th
e fly
) ini
tializ
atio
n
•W
hen
insu
ffici
ent #
of c
omm
on s
atel
lites
–Pr
oble
m is
usu
ally
at t
he R
over
–Fl
oat s
olut
ion
(pre
cisi
on o
f +/-
2-3
cycl
es)u
ntil
re-in
itial
izat
ion
•W
hen
loss
of r
adio
-com
mun
icat
ion
–C
olle
ct ra
w d
ata:
see
man
ufac
ture
rs s
ugge
sted
tim
es
( typi
cally
5 m
inut
es +
1 m
inut
e pe
r km
ove
r 5km
)–
Bas
elin
e PH
ASE
diff
eren
tial p
ost-p
roce
ssin
g
•B
asel
ine
leng
th–
Dua
l-Fre
q: M
ax. 3
0 km
(reco
mm
ende
d <
10k
m)
–Si
ngle
freq
: Max
.10k
m(li
cenc
e-fre
e ra
dio
rang
e of
1 to
4 k
m)
33
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
Fede
ral (
AC
P st
atio
ns a
nd C
BN
pill
ars)
Fede
ral (
AC
P st
atio
ns a
nd C
BN
pill
ars)
CB
N p
illar
C
BN
pill
ar
(in u
se)
(in u
se)
DRAO
34
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
Geo
BC
G
eoB
C ––
Cro
wn
Reg
istr
y an
d G
eogr
aphi
c B
ase
Cro
wn
Reg
istr
y an
d G
eogr
aphi
c B
ase
––G
eosp
atia
l Ref
eren
ce U
nit
Geo
spat
ial R
efer
ence
Uni
t
http
://ilm
bww
w.g
ov.b
c.ca
/bm
gs/
•B
CA
CS
-AC
P st
atio
ns
35
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
Geo
BC
G
eoB
C ––
Cro
wn
Reg
istr
y an
d G
eogr
aphi
c B
ase
Cro
wn
Reg
istr
y an
d G
eogr
aphi
c B
ase
––G
eosp
atia
l Ref
eren
ce U
nit
Geo
spat
ial R
efer
ence
Uni
t•
Met
ro V
anco
uver
–H
igh
Prec
isio
n N
etw
ork
and
5 R
TK b
ase
stat
ions
http
://ilm
bww
w.g
ov.b
c.ca
/bm
gs/
36
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
Geo
BC
G
eoB
C ––
Cro
wn
Reg
istr
y an
d G
eogr
aphi
c B
ase
Cro
wn
Reg
istr
y an
d G
eogr
aphi
c B
ase
––G
eosp
atia
l Ref
eren
ce U
nit
Geo
spat
ial R
efer
ence
Uni
t
http
://ilm
bww
w.g
ov.b
c.ca
/bm
gs/
2 R
TK B
ase
Stat
ions
•C
RD
(Cap
ital R
egio
n D
istr
ict)
37
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
http
://aa
rdva
rk.g
ov.b
c.ca
/app
s/m
asco
tw/
38
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
Net
wor
k R
TK (C
anN
etw
ork
RTK
(Can
-- Net
)N
et)
•Si
ngle
bas
elin
e R
TK
•N
etw
ork
RTK
usi
ng V
RS
(Virt
ual
Ref
eren
ceSt
atio
n)
conc
ept
•R
over
use
s ce
llula
r wire
less
•R
efer
ence
sta
tion
coor
dina
tes
are
in W
GS8
4W
GS8
4da
tum
–
Site
cal
ibra
tion
mus
t be
perfo
rmed
to ti
e to
loca
l con
trol
and
brin
g th
e su
rvey
to g
rid
•R
INEX
raw
dat
a (fo
r pos
t-pr
oces
sing
)
39
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
VRS
VRS
(Virt
ual R
efer
ence
Sta
tion)
(Virt
ual R
efer
ence
Sta
tion)
conc
ept
conc
ept
•C
ontr
ol c
entr
e–
Con
tinuo
usly
gat
hers
info
rmat
ion
from
all
refe
renc
e st
atio
ns–
Per
form
s in
tegr
ity c
heck
s on
all
obse
rvab
les
–C
ompu
tes
iono
sphe
ric,
tropo
sphe
ric a
nd e
phem
eris
er
rors
(by
doub
le-d
iffer
enci
ng)
–C
reat
es a
livi
ng d
atab
ase
of
regi
onal
are
a co
rrec
tions
•R
over
–
send
its
appr
ox. p
ositi
on to
co
ntro
l cen
tre–
NM
EA
$G
PG
GA
stri
ng
•C
ontr
ol c
entr
e –
Cre
ates
a “l
ocal
ized
”set
of c
orre
ctio
ns–
Sen
ds it
to R
over
as
pseu
dora
nge
corr
ectio
ns (R
TCM
form
at)
•R
over
–
appl
ies
thes
e as
if th
ey c
ame
from
an
invi
sibl
e re
fere
nce
stat
ion
1-2
m a
way
If re
fere
nce
stat
ion
coor
dina
tes
wer
e in
N
AD
83(C
SRS)
-Pro
vinc
ial G
rid s
hift
files
cou
ld b
e us
ed-C
GR
SC
(Can
adia
n G
eode
tic R
efer
ence
S
yste
m C
omm
ittee
) cur
rent
ly lo
okin
g in
to
regu
latio
n of
Net
wor
k R
TK
40
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
Popu
lar m
etho
dolo
gy in
rem
ote
area
sPo
pula
r met
hodo
logy
in re
mot
e ar
eas
•Eq
uipm
ent:
2 re
ceiv
ers
(dua
l or s
ingl
e-fr
eque
ncy)
•Se
lect
2 (i
nter
visi
ble)
poi
nts
and
colle
ct ra
w G
PS d
ata
at b
oth
sim
ulta
neou
sly
–R
un S
tatic
CSR
S-PP
Pon
bot
h da
tase
ts•
Com
pute
dis
tanc
e an
d az
imut
h (G
SD
’s IN
DIR
softw
are)
–D
o ba
selin
ePH
ASE
pos
t-pro
cess
ing
and
com
pare
with
C
SR
S-P
PP
resu
lts•
Con
firm
s th
e C
SR
S-P
PP
resu
lts–
You
now
hav
e 2
geod
etic
con
trol p
oint
s•
One
poi
nt c
an s
erve
as
back
sigh
t for
the
othe
r (fo
r con
vent
iona
l sur
veys
)
•Se
lect
one
of t
he tw
o po
ints
as
the
base
sta
tion
–P
erfo
rm y
our s
urve
y (R
TK a
nd/o
r bas
elin
e P
HA
SE
pos
t-pr
oces
sing
)•
Tie-
in th
e se
cond
poi
nt fo
r add
ition
al v
erifi
catio
n
41
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
Can
ada
Cen
tre
for C
adas
tral
Man
agem
ent
Can
ada
Cen
tre
for C
adas
tral
Man
agem
ent
Now
iteg
ratin
g C
anad
a La
nds
to 2
0cm
or b
ette
r
42
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
Ort
hom
etric
Hei
ght D
iffer
ence
s (
Ort
hom
etric
Hei
ght D
iffer
ence
s (
H)
H)
•M
ost a
ccur
atel
y ob
tain
ed u
sing
Sp
irit L
evel
ling
–C
ostly
and
labo
rious
bu
t stil
l the
bes
t m
etho
d ov
er s
hort
di
stan
ces
A
Bac
ksig
htR
eadi
ngB
SFo
resi
ght r
eadi
ng F
S
Bac
ksig
htR
od
B
Spiri
t Lev
el
Setu
p∆
H =
BS-
FSFo
resi
ght
Rod
Setu
p∆
H
Ellip
soid
Topo
grap
hy
Oce
ans
Geo
id
H
H
==hh
--NN Geo
idH
eigh
t
Ellip
soid
al H
eigh
t fr
om G
PSO
rtho
met
ric(M
SL) H
eigh
t
Mea
n Se
a le
vel
Leve
lling
43
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
GPS
and
the
Geo
idG
PS a
nd th
e G
eoid
Ellip
soid
Topo
grap
hy
Oce
ans
NN
Geo
id
HH
H
H
==hh
--NN Geo
idH
eigh
t
Ellip
soid
al H
eigh
t fr
om G
PSO
rtho
met
ric(M
SL) H
eigh
t
GPS
hh
•G
PS d
eter
min
es 3
D p
ositi
ons
with
resp
ect t
o an
Ellip
soid
–E
llipso
id h
eigh
ts hh
are
notc
onsi
sten
t with
Mea
n-S
ea-L
evel
(MSL
)•
The
Geo
id(d
eriv
ed fr
om g
ravi
met
ric m
easu
rem
ents
)–
Equ
ipot
entia
lsur
face
that
bes
trep
rese
nts
glob
al M
ean-
Sea-
Leve
l
–E
xpre
ssed
pra
ctic
ally
thro
ugh
Geo
idH
eigh
ts( NN
)
Mea
n Se
a le
vel
44
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
NM
EA (N
NM
EA (N
atio
nal
atio
nal MM
arin
e ar
ine EE l
ectr
onic
lect
roni
cAA
ssoc
iatio
nss
ocia
tion ))
form
atfo
rmat
•El
lipso
idal
hei
ghts
hhco
mpu
ted
by th
e re
ceiv
er a
re n
otin
clud
ed
in th
e da
ta s
trea
m (N
MEA
)
MSL
H
eigh
tG
eoid
Hei
ght
Tim
e 15
:55:
32
(in d
egre
es a
nd d
ecim
al m
inut
es)
Latit
ude
HDOPLo
ngitu
de# o
f Sats
GPS
fix
code
(1
=GPS
, 2=D
GPS
, 3=P
PS, 4
=RTK
, 5=F
loat
RTK
)HH
NN
prod
uce
accu
rate
MSL
hei
ghts
H
H ==
hh--
NN•
by le
tting
you
ent
er o
ne G
eoid
Hei
ght v
alue
NN(g
et it
usi
ng G
PS-H
) •
and/
or b
y ap
plyi
ng a
geo
id m
odel
(HT2
.0, C
GG
2000
, CG
G05
)
H
H ==
hh-- NN
hh==
H
H ++
N
N =
73.
7m –
34.1
m =
39.
6 m
HHis
alway
s in
the s
ame d
atum
as t
he L
at/L
ong
•Yo
ur G
PS/G
IS s
oftw
are
shou
ld
reco
ver t
he e
llips
oida
l hei
ght hh
From
rece
iver
’s
low
-acc
urac
y W
GS8
4 G
eoid
H
eigh
ts T
able
45
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
GPS
GPS
•• HHv2
.1v2
.1So
ftwar
eSo
ftwar
e•
Geo
id m
odel
s av
aila
ble
–M
ost r
ecen
t Geo
id m
odel
CG
G05
(Can
adia
n G
ravi
ty G
eoid
200
5)–
HT2
.0he
ight
tran
sfor
mat
ion
(Geo
id “a
djus
ted”
to th
e le
velli
ng n
etw
ork)
Form
ats
Abs
olut
e ac
cura
cy:
+/-5
cm
in s
outh
ern
Can
ada
and
a fe
w
deci
met
ers
in re
mot
e or
nor
ther
n re
gion
s
Rel
ativ
e ac
cura
cy(lo
cal g
eoid
hei
ght
diffe
renc
es) a
t 1-2
cm
46
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
GPS
GPS
•• H v
2.1
Onl
ine
H v
2.1
Onl
ine
Tran
sfor
m e
llipo
idal
hei
ghts
to M
SL
http
://w
ww
.geo
d.nr
can.
gc.c
aht
tp://
ww
w.g
eod.
nrca
n.gc
.ca
usin
g th
e H
T2.0
HT2
.0he
ight
tran
sfor
mat
ion
