GPS Today, Datums and Data Integration · 1 Earth Sciences Sector Canadian Institute of Geomatics...
46
1 GEOTEC Event 2006 Earth Sciences Sector Earth Sciences Sector Earth Sciences Sector Canadian Institute of Geomatics Canadian Institute of Geomatics One One - - Day Workshop Day Workshop March 12, 2009 March 12, 2009 GPS Today, Datums and Data GPS Today, Datums and Data Integration Integration Presented by Pierre Sauvé [email protected] [email protected] NRCan Geodetic Survey Division www.geod.nrcan.gc.ca www.geod.nrcan.gc.ca Earth Sciences Sector Earth Sciences Sector Canadian Canadian Spatial Spatial Reference Reference System System
Transcript of GPS Today, Datums and Data Integration · 1 Earth Sciences Sector Canadian Institute of Geomatics...
1
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
Eart
h Sc
ienc
es S
ecto
rEa
rth
Scie
nces
Sec
tor
Eart
h Sc
ienc
es S
ecto
r
Cana
dian
Inst
itute
of G
eom
atics
Cana
dian
Inst
itute
of G
eom
atics
One
One --
Day W
orks
hop
Day W
orks
hop
Marc
h 12
, 200
9Ma
rch
12, 2
009
GPS
Toda
y, Da
tum
s and
Dat
a GP
S To
day,
Datu
ms a
nd D
ata
Inte
grat
ion
Inte
grat
ion
Pres
ente
d by
Pier
re S
auvé
plsa
uve@
nrca
n.gc
.ca
plsa
uve@
nrca
n.gc
.ca
NR
Can
Geo
detic
Surv
ey D
ivis
ion
ww
w.g
eod.
nrca
n.gc
.ca
ww
w.g
eod.
nrca
n.gc
.ca
Eart
h Sc
ienc
es S
ecto
rEa
rth
Scie
nces
Sec
tor
Can
adia
n C
anad
ian
Spat
ial
Spat
ial
Ref
eren
ce
Ref
eren
ce
Syst
emSy
stem
2
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
•Dat
um E
ssen
tials
•Wid
e A
rea
GPS
cor
rect
ion
serv
ices
–C
DG
PS, C
SRS-
PPP
•PH
ASE
Diff
eren
tial G
PS te
chni
ques
–R
TK, B
asel
ine
Post
-Pro
cess
ing
–Geo
detic
con
trol
in B
.C.
–Net
wor
k R
TK
•MSL
Hei
ghts
from
GPS
and
a G
eoid
mod
el
Age
nda
Age
nda
3
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
Dat
ums
Dat
ums
Geo
cent
red
over
Ea
rth’
s tr
ue c
entr
eof
m
assGR
S80
Ellip
soid
ITR
F IT
RF Geo
id
•Sin
ce 19
88: D
ynam
ic Hi
gh
accu
racy
Inte
rnat
iona
l Te
rrest
rial R
efer
ence
Fra
me
Toda
y:no
n-ge
odet
ic (re
crea
tiona
l/map
ping
) GP
S re
ceive
rs st
ill th
ink N
AD83
=WGS
84
Toda
y:no
n-ge
odet
ic (re
crea
tiona
l/map
ping
) GP
S re
ceive
rs st
ill th
ink N
AD83
=WGS
84
•Bef
ore 1
994:
WGS
84 (G
PS d
atum
) wa
s the
sam
e as N
AD83
Geo
cent
red
over
Ea
rth’
s ce
ntre
of
mas
s (a
s kn
own
in
1986
)
GR
S80
Ellip
soid
NA
D83
N
AD
83
Geo
id
•Dat
um o
fficia
lly ad
opte
d by
Ca
nada
and
US in
1986
•Ful
l net
work
read
just
men
t
•Fixe
d to
Nor
th A
mer
ican
tect
onic
plat
e
Noth
Ameri
ca
•In
1994
: WGS
84
ITRF
Cla
rke
1866
Elli
psoi
d
Eart
h’s
cent
re
of m
ass
North
Ameri
ca
NA
D27
NA
D27
Geo
id
•Dat
um u
sed
befo
re 19
86
•Ellip
soid
that
bes
t rep
rese
nted
the
geoi
d in
Nor
th-A
mer
ica
•Not
geo
cent
ric
•Orig
in at
Mea
des R
anch
(US)
•Fro
m tr
aditi
onal
surv
eys (
pre-
1927
) + l
ocal
adju
stm
ents
Meades
Ranch
•NAD
83 is
(nea
r) ge
ocen
tric
(2m
off)
+ ha
sAxis
Orie
ntat
ion
erro
r
4
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
3D p
ositi
on3D
pos
ition
Expr
esse
d in
Car
tesia
nCo
ordi
nate
s(XY
Z)or
Geo
grap
hic C
oord
inat
es (L
at, L
ong,
Heig
ht)
relat
iveto
an el
lipso
id (G
RS80
)
Ellip
soid
H
eigh
t
Sem
i-maj
or a
xis
Sem
iSe
mi--m
ajor
axi
sm
ajor
axi
s
Flat
teni
ngFl
atte
ning
Flat
teni
ng
GRS
80 E
llips
oid
GRS
80 E
llips
oidP P
XY
ZN
orth
Pol
e
Orig
in (E
arth
’s
cent
re o
f mas
s)
y x
z
Greenwich Meridian Equa
tor
ITR
FN
AD
83
NA
D83
Orig
in o
ff by
2m(tr
ansla
tions
TX,
TY,
TZ)
Axis
Orien
tatio
n er
ror
(rota
tions
RX,
RY,
RZ)
~Sam
e Sc
ale
7-pa
ram
eter
tran
sfor
mat
ion
Lat/L
ong
can
be ex
pres
sed
in
UTM
or M
TMpr
ojec
tions
5
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
Diff
eren
ce b
etw
een
WG
S84/
ITR
FD
iffer
ence
bet
wee
n W
GS8
4/IT
RF
and
and
NA
D83
NA
D83
6
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
Mov
emen
t of N
orth
Am
eric
an te
cton
ic p
late
Mov
emen
t of N
orth
Am
eric
an te
cton
ic p
late
•Pl
ate
mov
es 2
cm
per
ye
ar c
ount
er-c
lock
wis
e
•W
GS8
4/IT
RF
–dy
nam
ic
–co
ordi
nate
s ch
ange
ov
er ti
me
•N
AD
83
–fix
ed to
the
Nor
th
Am
eric
an te
cton
ic p
late
–
coor
dina
tes
will
not
ch
ange
ove
r tim
e
exce
pt fo
rex
cept
for ……
..
7
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
Vanc
ouve
r Isl
and
Tect
onic
Pla
te M
otio
nVa
ncou
ver I
slan
d Te
cton
ic P
late
Mot
ion
3 to
10-
year
hor
izon
tal t
rend
rela
tive
to D
RA
O (P
entic
ton)
8
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
Epis
odic
Tre
mor
and
Slip
Epis
odic
Tre
mor
and
Slip
13 to
16
mon
th e
astw
ard
mot
ion
follo
wed
by
1-3
wee
ks o
f rev
erse
mot
ion
(sta
tion
ALB
H)
9
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
Upl
ift/S
ubsi
denc
eU
plift
/Sub
side
nce
Due
to p
ost-g
laci
al re
boun
d
NA
D83
“4-
D”
Velo
city
Grid
ava
ilabl
e so
on
10
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
NA
D83
: One
dat
um, t
wo
mai
n re
aliz
atio
nsN
AD
83: O
ne d
atum
, tw
o m
ain
real
izat
ions
NA
D83
(Orig
.) st
atio
nsre
-obs
erve
d w
ith h
igh-
orde
r GPS
Diff
eren
ce b
etw
een
Orig
inal
and
CSR
S
From
hig
h-or
der G
PS s
urve
ysA
ncho
red
to V
LBI (
1cm
)C
entim
eter
-acc
urac
y 3D
Sinc
e 19
97
NA
D83
(Orig
inal
) and
NA
D83
(CSR
S)Fr
om tr
aditi
onal
sur
veys
Adj
ustm
ent a
ncho
red
to D
oppl
er (1
m)
Varia
ble-
accu
racy
2D
GSD
has
hel
ped
seve
ral
prov
ince
s pr
oduc
e N
AD
83(O
rigin
al)
to N
AD
83(C
SRS)
gr
id s
hift
files
GSD
has
hel
ped
seve
ral
prov
ince
s pr
oduc
e N
AD
83(O
rigin
al)
to N
AD
83(C
SRS)
gr
id s
hift
files
Prov
ince
s ha
ve a
dopt
ed d
iffer
ent
real
izat
ions
/epo
chs
of
NA
D83
(CSR
S)
Prov
ince
s ha
ve a
dopt
ed d
iffer
ent
real
izat
ions
/epo
chs
of
NA
D83
(CSR
S)
11
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
Dat
um tr
ansf
orm
atio
n so
ftwar
eD
atum
tran
sfor
mat
ion
softw
are
••N
Tv2.
0N
Tv2.
0(N
atio
nal T
rans
form
atio
n) s
oftw
are
–A
vaila
ble
no-c
harg
e fro
m G
SD
ww
w.g
eod.
nrca
n.gc
.ca
•Fo
r use
Onl
ine
•Fr
ee d
ownl
oad
–S
oftw
are
Lice
nces
•S
ever
al c
ompa
nies
are
com
mer
cial
ly li
cenc
ed to
dis
tribu
te s
oftw
are
pack
ages
that
incl
ude
NTv
2.–
incl
udes
Can
ada-
wid
e N
AD
27
NA
D83
(Orig
inal
) grid
shi
ft–
addi
tionn
al G
rid s
hift
files
ava
ilabl
e fro
m p
rovi
ncia
l sur
vey
orga
niza
tions
•In
B.C
.: M
ASC
OT
Surv
ey U
tiliti
esht
tp://
aard
vark
.gov
.bc.
ca/a
pps/
mas
cotw
/con
vert
.htm
l
••TR
NO
BS
TRN
OB
Sso
ftwar
e–
NA
D83
(CS
RS
) IT
RF
–Fr
ee O
nlin
e se
rvic
e fro
m G
SD
ww
w.g
eod.
nrca
n.gc
.ca
12
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
NAD83(Original)
NAD27 to NAD83(Original)
comes with NTv2 software
NAD27 to NAD83(Original)
comes with NTv2 software
13
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
GPS
can
ans
wer
the
ques
tions
GPS
can
ans
wer
the
ques
tions
••““ W
here
am
I on
Ear
th?
Whe
re a
m I
on E
arth
? ””–
Tech
niqu
es:
•R
ealti
me
:Bro
adca
st G
PS (u
ncor
rect
ed),
CD
GPS
, WA
AS
•P
ost-p
roce
ssin
g:C
SRS-
PPP
–“A
bsol
ute”
accu
racy
•R
elat
ive
to a
Spa
tial R
efer
ence
Sys
tem
(Dat
um)
Two
rece
iver
3D B
aseli
ne
Meas
urem
ent
Sing
le Re
ceive
r Po
int
Posit
ioni
ng
••““ W
here
am
I re
lativ
e to
a G
PS
Whe
re a
m I
rela
tive
to a
GPS
B
ase
Stat
ion?
Bas
e St
atio
n?””
–Te
chni
ques
:•
Rea
ltim
e ::R
TK
•P
ost-p
roce
ssin
g:Ph
ase
Diff
eren
tial
–“R
elat
ive”
prec
isio
n•
Pre
cisi
on d
epen
dant
on
base
line
leng
th
14
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
Wid
e A
rea
GPS
Cor
rect
ions
Wid
e A
rea
GPS
Cor
rect
ions
–C
ontin
uous
ly-o
pera
ting
Hig
h-En
d D
ual-f
requ
ency
GP
S re
fere
nce
stat
ions
com
pute
:•
Prec
ise
Ephe
mer
ides
–P
reci
se S
atel
lite
Orb
its
–P
reci
se S
atel
lite
Clo
ck C
orre
ctio
ns•
Iono
sphe
re M
odelN
atio
nal a
nd G
loba
l G
PS T
rack
ing
netw
orks
15
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
–C
anad
ian
GP
S T
rack
ing
Net
wor
k
CA
CS
CA
CS
(Can
adia
n A
ctiv
e C
ontr
ol S
yste
m)
(Can
adia
n A
ctiv
e C
ontr
ol S
yste
m)
Cent
ral C
ontro
l Site
at
NRC
an, O
ttawa
Cent
ral C
ontro
l Site
at
NRC
an, O
ttawa
St-J
ohn’
s, Nf
ld.
16
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
IGS
IGS
(Inte
rnat
iona
l GN
SS S
ervi
ce)
(Inte
rnat
iona
l GN
SS S
ervi
ce)
CA
CS
is p
art o
f the
IGS
Glo
bal G
PS T
rack
ing
Net
wor
k
from
whi
ch a
repr
oduc
edG
PS P
reci
se E
phem
erid
es
http
://ig
scb.
jpl.n
asa.
gov/
http
://ig
scb.
jpl.n
asa.
gov/
17
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
Bro
adca
st E
phem
erid
es (+
/-1
to 2
m)
GPS
Pre
cise
Eph
emer
ides
GPS
Pre
cise
Eph
emer
ides
Use
d in
C
SRS
CSR
S-- P
PPPP
PPo
st-
Proc
essi
ng
Prec
ise
Ephe
mer
ides
FIN
AL
(+/-
2 cm
)ava
ilabl
e in
13
days
RA
PID
(+/-
3 cm
) ava
ilabl
e ne
xt d
ay
ULT
RA
RA
PID
(+/-
5 cm
) ava
ilabl
e 90
min
pas
t the
hou
r
Prec
ise
Orb
its a
nd C
lock
Cor
rect
ions
Use
d to
pro
duce
GPS
GPS
-- CCre
altim
e co
rrec
tions
(c
urre
ntly
ava
ilabl
e vi
a C
DG
PS s
ervi
ce)
18
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
CA
CS
CA
CSGPS
GPS
•• CCR
ealti
me
Cor
rect
ions
R
ealti
me
Cor
rect
ions
Cent
ral C
ontro
l Site
RNCa
n, O
ttawa
GPS•
CRe
altim
e Cor
rect
ions
fro
m U
LTRA
RAP
ID
ephe
mer
ides
Cor
rect
ed P
ositi
ons
are
in N
AD
83(C
SRS)
Othe
r pos
sible
dist
ribut
ion
mod
es (I
nter
net,
cellu
lar…
)
MSAT
Otta
wa
CDGP
S Ra
dio
GPS
GPS ••
CC
Mapp
ing
grad
e GP
S
RTCM
cor re
ctio
ns
Dist
ribut
ion
via C
DGPS
Rec
eive
rs w
ith in
tegr
ated
CD
GPS
Nov
atel
, Rav
en, B
eelin
eArr
o,
Sokk
ia, T
opco
n, G
EM
mag
neto
met
ers
(they
all
use
the
Nov
atel
G
PS/C
DG
PSch
ip)
19
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
CD
GPS
CD
GPS
Bro
adca
st
GPS
(WG
S84)
With
CD
GPS
C
orre
ctio
ns(N
AD
83C
SRS)
1-m
eter
ra
dius
CDG
PS
plug
ged
in
CDGP
S
unpl
ugge
d
Whi
teho
rse
Wor
ksho
p (N
ov18
, 200
4)M
appi
ng-g
rade
rece
iver
Met
reM
etre
-- leve
lle
velp
ositi
onin
gw
ith s
ingl
e fr
eque
ncy
rece
iver
Publ
ished
NA
D83(
CSRS
)Co
ordi
nate
s
WGS
84/IT
RFCo
ordi
nate
s fro
m T
RNOB
S
60cm
60cm
posi
tioni
ng w
ith d
ual-f
reqe
ncy
rece
iver
(Nov
atel
)
Com
ing…
.D
ecim
etric
Dec
imet
ricac
cura
cy P
HA
SE
solu
tion
with
real
time
glob
al n
etw
ork
GS
D is
lead
ing
the
IGS
Rea
ltim
e Pi
lot P
roje
ct
20
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
CSR
SC
SRS
-- PPP
PPP
FREE
forG
PS u
sers
WO
RLD
WID
Eht
tp://
ww
w.g
eod.
nrca
n.gc
.ca
http
://w
ww
.geo
d.nr
can.
gc.c
a
Subm
it
E-M
ail
RIN
EX
Prec
ise
Poin
tPo
sitio
nnin
g
21
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
RIN
EX d
ata
RIN
EX d
ata
Rec
eive
r IN
depe
nden
t EXc
hang
e fo
rmat
22
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
Del
ay b
efor
e su
bmitt
ing
data
(
)D
elay
bef
ore
subm
ittin
g da
ta (
)
13h
14h
15h
16h
17h
18h
Raw GPS data
90m
in
Raw GPS data
90m
in
Loca
l Tim
e
-- Soo
n da
tase
ts s
ubm
itted
ear
ly w
ill b
e So
on d
atas
ets
subm
itted
ear
ly w
ill b
e ““ h
eld
held
””un
til U
LTR
Aun
til U
LTR
A-- R
API
D
RA
PID
ep
hem
erid
es a
re a
vaila
ble
ep
hem
erid
es a
re a
vaila
ble
--ULT
RA
-RA
PID
Eph
emer
ides
are
ava
ilabl
e 90
min
utes
afte
r ea
ch h
our
23
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
CSR
SC
SRS
-- PPP
(Sta
tic)
PPP
(Sta
tic)
Cor
rect
ed c
oord
inat
es in
em
ail t
ext
Emai
l Ret
urn
24
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
CSR
SC
SRS
-- PPP
(Sta
tic)
PPP
(Sta
tic)
Geo
detic
Geo
detic
dual
-freq
uenc
y re
ceiv
er
Con
verg
ence
(c
m-le
vel)
186
RIN
EX fi
le fr
om C
AC
S st
atio
ns –
know
n lo
catio
ns
Bes
t GPS
Rec
eive
rsId
eal L
ocat
ions
Whi
teho
rse
AC
P
5 cm
with
2-3
hr
s of
dat
a
25
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
CSR
SC
SRS
-- PPP
(Sta
tic)
PPP
(Sta
tic)
Long
er ti
me
for
conv
erge
nce
Qua
lity
of re
ceiv
ers
and
si
tes
is u
nkno
wn
554
RIN
EX fi
les
subm
itted
by
user
s–lo
catio
ns u
nkno
wn
5 cm
with
2-3
hr
s of
dat
a
26
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
Coo
rdin
ate
conv
erge
nce
(PD
F)C
oord
inat
e co
nver
genc
e (P
DF)
27
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
CSR
SC
SRS
-- PPP
usa
ge w
orld
wid
ePP
P us
age
wor
ldw
ide
28
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
CSR
SC
SRS
-- PPP
PPP
Accu
racy
afte
r Con
verg
ence
80%
of
user
s
–K
inem
atic
PPP
is id
eal f
or a
irbor
ne a
pplic
atio
ns
•LI
DA
R, a
irpho
to•
15 c
m a
ccur
acy
(with
iner
tial s
yste
m)
•no
nee
d fo
r a b
ase
stat
ion
–C
omm
erci
al G
PS s
oftw
are
usin
g th
eir o
wn
“PPP
”•
Leic
a A
PIS
10
29
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
Stat
ic C
SRS
Stat
ic C
SRS
-- PPP
PPP
•Te
st y
our e
quip
men
t at a
kn
own
geod
etic
mon
umen
t–
Use
ful g
raph
s in
PD
F sh
ow c
oord
inat
e co
nver
genc
e
•Ea
sy to
est
ablis
h ce
ntim
etric
-acc
urac
y 3D
geo
detic
con
trol
–
Any
whe
re o
n E
arth
–C
lose
to y
our w
ork
area
–C
orre
cted
coo
rdin
ates
in N
AD
83(C
SRS)
or IT
RF
•Pe
rfec
t com
plem
ent t
o B
asel
ine
PHA
SE D
iffer
entia
lB
asel
ine
PHA
SE D
iffer
entia
lC
orre
ctio
n Te
chni
ques
–
Det
erm
ine
base
sta
tion
coor
dina
tes
(usi
ng C
SRS-
PPP)
•A
bsol
ute
accu
racy
of a
few
cm
–
Do
surv
ey (R
TKan
d/or
Bas
elin
e Po
st-P
roce
ssin
g)
•V
ery
shor
t bas
elin
es•
Rel
ativ
e pr
ecis
ion
of a
few
cm
at e
poch
the
data
was
col
lect
ed
30
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
Bas
elin
e PH
ASE
Diff
eren
tial
Bas
elin
e PH
ASE
Diff
eren
tial
•B
asel
ine
(3D
vec
tor)
isco
mpu
ted
by D
oubl
e-D
iffer
enci
ng–
GP
S P
HA
SEda
tafro
m B
ase
Sta
tion
and
Rov
er a
re c
ombi
ned
in s
uch
a w
ay a
s to
elim
inat
e al
l com
mon
err
ors
Bas
e St
atio
nR
over
Bas
elin
e
diff
X, d
iff Y
, diff
Z
com
pute
d
Accu
racy
de
pend
s on
base
line l
engt
h
1km
10 km
~1cm
~2cm
~2cm
~4cm
Dual-
freq
Sing
le-fre
q
Typi
cal p
recis
ion
(rms)
Base
line l
engt
h30
km
~4 cm
31
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
•B
ase
Stat
ion
can
be
–se
tup
by s
urve
y cr
ew a
t a c
ontr
ol p
oint
•ex
istin
g ge
odet
ic c
ontr
ol (F
ed/P
rov/
Mun
icip
al)
•es
tabl
ishe
d us
ing
Stat
ic C
SRS-
PPP
–op
erat
ed b
y a
Publ
ic A
genc
y •
NR
Can
: CA
CS
raw
dat
a•
Prov
inci
al/M
unic
ipal
bas
e st
atio
ns: r
aw d
ata
or R
TK–
oper
ated
by
Priv
ate
Indu
stry
•
GPS
Man
ufac
ture
r/dea
ler o
r Sur
vey
firm
: raw
dat
aor
RTK
Post
-Pro
cess
ing
Bas
e st
atio
n ra
w
data
Rov
er
raw
da
ta
Bas
e St
atio
n(k
now
n lo
catio
n)
Cent
imet
ric-
accu
racy
RE
LATI
VE
posit
ioni
ng
Bas
elin
e PH
ASE
Diff
eren
tial
Bas
elin
e PH
ASE
Diff
eren
tial
RTK
2 ra
dio
mod
ems
Bas
e St
atio
n
Rov
er
(kno
wn
loca
tion)
Rea
lTi
me
Kin
emat
ic
32
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
RTK
Met
hodo
logy
RTK
Met
hodo
logy
•B
ase
Stat
ion
–C
lear
vie
w o
f sky
–Se
t it t
o lo
g ra
w d
ata
•Fi
rst i
nitia
lizat
ion
(sol
ving
am
bigu
ities
)–
usua
lly ta
kes
10 m
inut
es
•R
over
will
hav
e ce
ntim
etric
pre
cisi
on–
Fixe
d So
lutio
n–
Con
tinuo
us (o
n th
e fly
) ini
tializ
atio
n
•W
hen
insu
ffici
ent #
of c
omm
on s
atel
lites
–Pr
oble
m is
usu
ally
at t
he R
over
–Fl
oat s
olut
ion
(pre
cisi
on o
f +/-
2-3
cycl
es)u
ntil
re-in
itial
izat
ion
•W
hen
loss
of r
adio
-com
mun
icat
ion
–C
olle
ct ra
w d
ata:
see
man
ufac
ture
rs s
ugge
sted
tim
es
( typi
cally
5 m
inut
es +
1 m
inut
e pe
r km
ove
r 5km
)–
Bas
elin
e PH
ASE
diff
eren
tial p
ost-p
roce
ssin
g
•B
asel
ine
leng
th–
Dua
l-Fre
q: M
ax. 3
0 km
(reco
mm
ende
d <
10k
m)
–Si
ngle
freq
: Max
.10k
m(li
cenc
e-fre
e ra
dio
rang
e of
1 to
4 k
m)
33
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
Fede
ral (
AC
P st
atio
ns a
nd C
BN
pill
ars)
Fede
ral (
AC
P st
atio
ns a
nd C
BN
pill
ars)
CB
N p
illar
C
BN
pill
ar
(in u
se)
(in u
se)
DRAO
34
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
Geo
BC
G
eoB
C ––
Cro
wn
Reg
istr
y an
d G
eogr
aphi
c B
ase
Cro
wn
Reg
istr
y an
d G
eogr
aphi
c B
ase
––G
eosp
atia
l Ref
eren
ce U
nit
Geo
spat
ial R
efer
ence
Uni
t
http
://ilm
bww
w.g
ov.b
c.ca
/bm
gs/
•B
CA
CS
-AC
P st
atio
ns
35
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
Geo
BC
G
eoB
C ––
Cro
wn
Reg
istr
y an
d G
eogr
aphi
c B
ase
Cro
wn
Reg
istr
y an
d G
eogr
aphi
c B
ase
––G
eosp
atia
l Ref
eren
ce U
nit
Geo
spat
ial R
efer
ence
Uni
t•
Met
ro V
anco
uver
–H
igh
Prec
isio
n N
etw
ork
and
5 R
TK b
ase
stat
ions
http
://ilm
bww
w.g
ov.b
c.ca
/bm
gs/
36
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
Geo
BC
G
eoB
C ––
Cro
wn
Reg
istr
y an
d G
eogr
aphi
c B
ase
Cro
wn
Reg
istr
y an
d G
eogr
aphi
c B
ase
––G
eosp
atia
l Ref
eren
ce U
nit
Geo
spat
ial R
efer
ence
Uni
t
http
://ilm
bww
w.g
ov.b
c.ca
/bm
gs/
2 R
TK B
ase
Stat
ions
•C
RD
(Cap
ital R
egio
n D
istr
ict)
37
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
http
://aa
rdva
rk.g
ov.b
c.ca
/app
s/m
asco
tw/
38
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
Net
wor
k R
TK (C
anN
etw
ork
RTK
(Can
-- Net
)N
et)
•Si
ngle
bas
elin
e R
TK
•N
etw
ork
RTK
usi
ng V
RS
(Virt
ual
Ref
eren
ceSt
atio
n)
conc
ept
•R
over
use
s ce
llula
r wire
less
•R
efer
ence
sta
tion
coor
dina
tes
are
in W
GS8
4W
GS8
4da
tum
–
Site
cal
ibra
tion
mus
t be
perfo
rmed
to ti
e to
loca
l con
trol
and
brin
g th
e su
rvey
to g
rid
•R
INEX
raw
dat
a (fo
r pos
t-pr
oces
sing
)
39
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
VRS
VRS
(Virt
ual R
efer
ence
Sta
tion)
(Virt
ual R
efer
ence
Sta
tion)
conc
ept
conc
ept
•C
ontr
ol c
entr
e–
Con
tinuo
usly
gat
hers
info
rmat
ion
from
all
refe
renc
e st
atio
ns–
Per
form
s in
tegr
ity c
heck
s on
all
obse
rvab
les
–C
ompu
tes
iono
sphe
ric,
tropo
sphe
ric a
nd e
phem
eris
er
rors
(by
doub
le-d
iffer
enci
ng)
–C
reat
es a
livi
ng d
atab
ase
of
regi
onal
are
a co
rrec
tions
•R
over
–
send
its
appr
ox. p
ositi
on to
co
ntro
l cen
tre–
NM
EA
$G
PG
GA
stri
ng
•C
ontr
ol c
entr
e –
Cre
ates
a “l
ocal
ized
”set
of c
orre
ctio
ns–
Sen
ds it
to R
over
as
pseu
dora
nge
corr
ectio
ns (R
TCM
form
at)
•R
over
–
appl
ies
thes
e as
if th
ey c
ame
from
an
invi
sibl
e re
fere
nce
stat
ion
1-2
m a
way
If re
fere
nce
stat
ion
coor
dina
tes
wer
e in
N
AD
83(C
SRS)
-Pro
vinc
ial G
rid s
hift
files
cou
ld b
e us
ed-C
GR
SC
(Can
adia
n G
eode
tic R
efer
ence
S
yste
m C
omm
ittee
) cur
rent
ly lo
okin
g in
to
regu
latio
n of
Net
wor
k R
TK
40
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
Popu
lar m
etho
dolo
gy in
rem
ote
area
sPo
pula
r met
hodo
logy
in re
mot
e ar
eas
•Eq
uipm
ent:
2 re
ceiv
ers
(dua
l or s
ingl
e-fr
eque
ncy)
•Se
lect
2 (i
nter
visi
ble)
poi
nts
and
colle
ct ra
w G
PS d
ata
at b
oth
sim
ulta
neou
sly
–R
un S
tatic
CSR
S-PP
Pon
bot
h da
tase
ts•
Com
pute
dis
tanc
e an
d az
imut
h (G
SD
’s IN
DIR
softw
are)
–D
o ba
selin
ePH
ASE
pos
t-pro
cess
ing
and
com
pare
with
C
SR
S-P
PP
resu
lts•
Con
firm
s th
e C
SR
S-P
PP
resu
lts–
You
now
hav
e 2
geod
etic
con
trol p
oint
s•
One
poi
nt c
an s
erve
as
back
sigh
t for
the
othe
r (fo
r con
vent
iona
l sur
veys
)
•Se
lect
one
of t
he tw
o po
ints
as
the
base
sta
tion
–P
erfo
rm y
our s
urve
y (R
TK a
nd/o
r bas
elin
e P
HA
SE
pos
t-pr
oces
sing
)•
Tie-
in th
e se
cond
poi
nt fo
r add
ition
al v
erifi
catio
n
41
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
Can
ada
Cen
tre
for C
adas
tral
Man
agem
ent
Can
ada
Cen
tre
for C
adas
tral
Man
agem
ent
Now
iteg
ratin
g C
anad
a La
nds
to 2
0cm
or b
ette
r
42
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
Ort
hom
etric
Hei
ght D
iffer
ence
s (
Ort
hom
etric
Hei
ght D
iffer
ence
s (
H)
H)
•M
ost a
ccur
atel
y ob
tain
ed u
sing
Sp
irit L
evel
ling
–C
ostly
and
labo
rious
bu
t stil
l the
bes
t m
etho
d ov
er s
hort
di
stan
ces
A
Bac
ksig
htR
eadi
ngB
SFo
resi
ght r
eadi
ng F
S
Bac
ksig
htR
od
B
Spiri
t Lev
el
Setu
p∆
H =
BS-
FSFo
resi
ght
Rod
Setu
p∆
H
Ellip
soid
Topo
grap
hy
Oce
ans
Geo
id
H
H
==hh
--NN Geo
idH
eigh
t
Ellip
soid
al H
eigh
t fr
om G
PSO
rtho
met
ric(M
SL) H
eigh
t
Mea
n Se
a le
vel
Leve
lling
43
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
GPS
and
the
Geo
idG
PS a
nd th
e G
eoid
Ellip
soid
Topo
grap
hy
Oce
ans
NN
Geo
id
HH
H
H
==hh
--NN Geo
idH
eigh
t
Ellip
soid
al H
eigh
t fr
om G
PSO
rtho
met
ric(M
SL) H
eigh
t
GPS
hh
•G
PS d
eter
min
es 3
D p
ositi
ons
with
resp
ect t
o an
Ellip
soid
–E
llipso
id h
eigh
ts hh
are
notc
onsi
sten
t with
Mea
n-S
ea-L
evel
(MSL
)•
The
Geo
id(d
eriv
ed fr
om g
ravi
met
ric m
easu
rem
ents
)–
Equ
ipot
entia
lsur
face
that
bes
trep
rese
nts
glob
al M
ean-
Sea-
Leve
l
–E
xpre
ssed
pra
ctic
ally
thro
ugh
Geo
idH
eigh
ts( NN
)
Mea
n Se
a le
vel
44
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
NM
EA (N
NM
EA (N
atio
nal
atio
nal MM
arin
e ar
ine EE l
ectr
onic
lect
roni
cAA
ssoc
iatio
nss
ocia
tion ))
form
atfo
rmat
•El
lipso
idal
hei
ghts
hhco
mpu
ted
by th
e re
ceiv
er a
re n
otin
clud
ed
in th
e da
ta s
trea
m (N
MEA
)
MSL
H
eigh
tG
eoid
Hei
ght
Tim
e 15
:55:
32
(in d
egre
es a
nd d
ecim
al m
inut
es)
Latit
ude
HDOPLo
ngitu
de# o
f Sats
GPS
fix
code
(1
=GPS
, 2=D
GPS
, 3=P
PS, 4
=RTK
, 5=F
loat
RTK
)HH
NN
prod
uce
accu
rate
MSL
hei
ghts
H
H ==
hh--
NN•
by le
tting
you
ent
er o
ne G
eoid
Hei
ght v
alue
NN(g
et it
usi
ng G
PS-H
) •
and/
or b
y ap
plyi
ng a
geo
id m
odel
(HT2
.0, C
GG
2000
, CG
G05
)
H
H ==
hh-- NN
hh==
H
H ++
N
N =
73.
7m –
34.1
m =
39.
6 m
HHis
alway
s in
the s
ame d
atum
as t
he L
at/L
ong
•Yo
ur G
PS/G
IS s
oftw
are
shou
ld
reco
ver t
he e
llips
oida
l hei
ght hh
From
rece
iver
’s
low
-acc
urac
y W
GS8
4 G
eoid
H
eigh
ts T
able
45
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
GPS
GPS
•• HHv2
.1v2
.1So
ftwar
eSo
ftwar
e•
Geo
id m
odel
s av
aila
ble
–M
ost r
ecen
t Geo
id m
odel
CG
G05
(Can
adia
n G
ravi
ty G
eoid
200
5)–
HT2
.0he
ight
tran
sfor
mat
ion
(Geo
id “a
djus
ted”
to th
e le
velli
ng n
etw
ork)
Form
ats
Abs
olut
e ac
cura
cy:
+/-5
cm
in s
outh
ern
Can
ada
and
a fe
w
deci
met
ers
in re
mot
e or
nor
ther
n re
gion
s
Rel
ativ
e ac
cura
cy(lo
cal g
eoid
hei
ght
diffe
renc
es) a
t 1-2
cm
46
GEO
TEC
Even
t 200
6
GPS
GPS
•• H v
2.1
Onl
ine
H v
2.1
Onl
ine
Tran
sfor
m e
llipo
idal
hei
ghts
to M
SL
http
://w
ww
.geo
d.nr
can.
gc.c
aht
tp://
ww
w.g
eod.
nrca
n.gc
.ca
usin
g th
e H
T2.0
HT2
.0he
ight
tran
sfor
mat
ion
