Good Bye, AMANDA !
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Transcript of Good Bye, AMANDA !
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Neutrinosin icecap ?
1988: Ed Zeller (Kansas) Francis
John Learned
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1988: Pomerantz workshop, NSF Science and Technology Center for the South Pole (Andrew Westphal, Tim Miller, Doug Lowder,Buford Price)
1989: attempt of Westphal and Lowder to measure ice transparency in existing boreholes
Jan. 89, ICRC, Adelaide: Decide to proposeAmanda (Buford Price, Doug Lowder, Steve Barwick,Bob Morse, Francis Halzen, Alan Watson)
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Greenland, August 13-16th 1990
Bruce Koci Tim Miller
+ Bob Morse
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NatureSept 91
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Bruce Koci ( 2006)
The success of AMANDA stood on two pillars: the Amundsen Scott Station and Bruce Koci.
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South Pole Summer 91/92
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Serap
Bob
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Sweden joins (Stockholm, Uppsala)
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IgorLiubarsky
Pat Mock
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1 km
2 km
93/94
CATASTROPHAL DELAY OF LIGHT !
40 m
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Vostok Data
Venice 1994
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1 km
2 km
93/9440 m
But the photomultipliers are ticking like
Swiss watches !
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• „Amanda is nothing more than a big calorimeter“
• „This is what Amanda sees !
• „You are a son of a bitch!“
• Sounds interesting! DESY joins
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• „Amanda is nothing more than a big calorimeter“
• „This is what Amanda sees !
• „You are a son of a bitch!“
• Sounds interesting! DESY joins
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• „Amanda is nothing more than a big calorimeter“
• „… and this is what DUMAND sees !“
• „You are a son of a bitch!“
• Sounds interesting! DESY joins
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• „Amanda is nothing more than a big calorimeter“
• „….and this is what DUMAND sees !“
• „You are a son of a bitch!“
• Sounds interesting DESY joins
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• „Amanda is nothing more than a big calorimeter“
• „….and this is what DUMAND sees !“
• „You are a son of a bitch!“
• Sounds interesting DESY joins !
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Albrecht Pat Mock
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Albrechtfighting with the drill cable
Christian
Albrecht
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Peter Wallenberg
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Then Now
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B4: first 2 neutrinos
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Astroparticle Physics 2000
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+ Mainz+ Wuppertal
+ Brussels+ Mons
The AMANDA collaborationend of the nineties
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1 km
2 km
IceCube will work !
96/97 AMANDA - B10
120 m
The EVA event
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NATURE 2001
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NATURE 2001
No George Smoot!
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Skyplot of thevery first 17Nu candidates in B10
B10 skyplot published in Nature 2001
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Winterovers 1997
Robert Gary
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1 km
2 km
120 m
3 long strings study deep and shallow ice for future IceCube
97/98
0.02 0.1 0.5
Scatteringcoefficient(1/m)vs. depth
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1 km
2 km
120 m
3 long strings study deep and shallow ice for future IceCube
97/98
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Steve
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Paolo
Pat Mock
Dima
Azriel
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1 km
2 km
AMANDA-II
99/00 200 m
Nearly horizontal
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Point Sources: The Progress
factor
1000in 15 years !
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Anotherfactor
1000 !
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Nothing is guaranteed but history is on our side !
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Challenges
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The bubble problem
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The ice challenge
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Reconstructing tracks
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Working together andagainst Working together and
not against each other
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Working together and not against each other
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Working together andagainst Working together and
not against each other
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Working together andagainst Working together and
not against each other
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Working together andagainst Working together and
not against each other
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The gain drop problem
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The stuck string
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The downhole camera
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Finding the best technology
copper cable digital
optical fibre analog
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copper cable digital
optical fibre analog
Coax cable Twisted pair cable Optical cable Optical cable, digital control (dAOM) Twisted pair cable, digital (DOM) string 18
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TWR
SWAMPs
SN counters
Majority triggeranalog DMADDl
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Spokesman Europe Spokesman US Principal Investigator
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Joining two collaborations
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• October 2005: Amanda and IceCube collaborations join
• 2006/07: Amanda detector is integrated into IceCube
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What was your
happiest event
with AMANDA ?
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String 1 deployed !
(January 9, 1996)
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What was your
most tantalizing
event with AMANDA?
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1 ES 1959+650
Year2000 2001 2002 2003
May June July
Flux ofTeV photons
(arb. units)
0
1
2
3
WHIPPL
E
Arrival time of neutrinos from the direction of the AGN ES1959+650
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Nature is traditionally more imaginativethan physicistsare !
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Hmm …with oneexception
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Me …
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What was your
most erotic event
with AMANDA ?
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What could have
been your most
erotic event with
AMANDA?
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What will be your most sentimental
event with AMANDA ?
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The day we switch it
off !
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