Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1
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Transcript of Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1
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1914-1918:
The Worldat War
1914-1918:
The Worldat War
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Causesof theWar
Causesof theWar
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There had been relative peace in Europe for 100 years prior to WWI.
But……..
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CAUSES
Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism
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Alliances Form Triple Alliance
(Central powers)
Triple entente
(Allied Powers) Germany Turkey (Ottoman Empire) Austria-Hungary
Britain France Russia
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The Major Players: 1914-17
The Major Players: 1914-17
Nicholas II [Rus]
Nicholas II [Rus]
George V [Br]George V [Br]
Pres. Poincare [Fr]
Pres. Poincare [Fr]
Allied Powers:Allied Powers:
Franz Josef [A-H]Franz Josef [A-H]
Wilhelm II [Ger]Wilhelm II [Ger]
Victor Emmanuel II [It]
Victor Emmanuel II [It]
Central Powers:Central Powers:
Enver Pasha[Turkey]
Enver Pasha[Turkey]
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BALKANS
Powder Keg of Europe Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia
– This infuriated the Serbs
Archduke Francis Ferdinand (Austria-Hungary) is assassinated and Serbia is held responsible.
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Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914
Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914
The“Powder
Keg”of Europe
The“Powder
Keg”of Europe
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The
“Spark”
The
“Spark”
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Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family
Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family
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The Assassination: Sarajevo
The Assassination: Sarajevo
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The Assassin: The Assassin:
GavriloPrincipGavriloPrincip
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American PosterAmerican Poster
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Financing the WarFinancing the War
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German PosterGerman Poster
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A Multi-Front WarA Multi-Front War
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The Western Front:
A “War of
Attrition”
The Western Front:
A “War of
Attrition”
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WESTERN FRONT
3 year stalemate Trench warfare
– Huge casualities – Example – Battle of Verdun – Germans lost
330,000 – took 11 months– By 1916 there were 2 million casualities
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The Western FrontThe Western Front
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Trench WarfareTrench Warfare
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Trench WarfareTrench Warfare
“No Man’s Land”
“No Man’s Land”
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Verdun – February, 1916
Verdun – February, 1916
e German offensive.
e Each side had 500,000 casualties.
e German offensive.
e Each side had 500,000 casualties.
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The Somme – July, 1916The Somme – July, 1916
e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.
e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.
e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.
e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.
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War Is HELL !!War Is HELL !!
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Sacrifices in WarSacrifices in War
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Krupp’s “Big Bertha” GunKrupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun
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TheEastern
Front
TheEastern
Front
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EASTERN FRONT
Russians and Serbs VS Germans, Austrians and Turks
Millions died Germans had to fight on 2 fronts but they
began to freeze to death in Russia. Russia Pulls out because of Revolution
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The“Colonial
”Fronts
The“Colonial
”Fronts
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Sikh British Soldiers in India
Sikh British Soldiers in India
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Fighting in AfricaFighting in Africa
British Sikh Mountain Gunners
British Sikh Mountain Gunners
Black Soldiers in the German
Schutztruppen[German E. Africa]
Black Soldiers in the German
Schutztruppen[German E. Africa]
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Fighting in AfricaFighting in Africa
3rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade3rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade
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Fighting in Salonika, Greece
Fighting in Salonika, Greece
French colonial marine infantry fromCochin, China - 1916
French colonial marine infantry fromCochin, China - 1916
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COLLAPSE OF EASTERN FRONT
With Russia out the Central Powers put all of their resources into western front.
Situation looks grave until Italy and the US join forces with the allies.
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United States declares neutrality
Progressives– Safer factories to kill
them?
American Union Against Militarism
Immigrant nation is divided– Irish immigrants
favored Germany (free homeland from British)
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Freedom of the Seas
Could trade non-military goods to both sides
Britain blockaded Germany– U.S. couldn’t sell to Germany
After forbidding U.S. to sell cotton to Germany, it agreed to buy it to make up losses
U.S. loans to Allies equaled 2 billion, loans to Germany 27 million
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Lives versus Money
U.S. was in greatest economic boom ever
German submarine policy threatened American lives
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U Boat Threat
Traditional law– Required submarine surface– Warn target to stop– Send a boarding party to check papers
and cargo– Allow time for passengers to board life
boats
Germany would sink ships without checking cargo
Germany agreed to not target U.S. ships
Issue was Americans on belligerent nations ships
Sec of State Byran wanted to tell Americans not to travel in war zones
President Wilson said NO
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America
Joinsthe
Allies
America
Joinsthe
Allies
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German Submarine Warfare Germans had declared unrestricted sub
warfare Lusitania is sunk – carrying 128 Americans
– 1000 dead– Germans say the passenger ship is carrying
munitions – Brits deny– Ship sinks in under 20 minutes– Germans also sink the Sussex
The Sussex Pledge between U.S. and Germany
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The Sinking of the Lusitania
The Sinking of the Lusitania
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ZIMMERMAN TELEGRAM
Secret message from Germany to Mexico– If Mexico allies with the Central Powers it
could gain New Mexico, Arizona and Texas• Land lost in 1848
**Telegram intercepted – Wilson asks Congress to declare war on Germany to “Make the World Safe for Democracy”
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The Zimmerman Telegram
The Zimmerman Telegram
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The YanksAre
Coming!
The YanksAre
Coming!
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Doughboys deploy
Arrive in France in June 1917
2 million Americans will serve overseas
General Pershing is given command of the American Expeditionary Force
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Americans in the Trenches
Americans in the Trenches
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The War of the
Industrial Revolution:
NewTechnology
The War of the
Industrial Revolution:
NewTechnology
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French Renault TankFrench Renault Tank
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British Tank at YpresBritish Tank at Ypres
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U-BoatsU-Boats
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Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats
Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats
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The AirplaneThe Airplane
“Squadron Over the Brenta”
Max Edler von Poosch, 1917
“Squadron Over the Brenta”
Max Edler von Poosch, 1917
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The Flying Aces of World War I
The Flying Aces of World War I
Eddie Rickenbacher, US
FrancescoBarraco, It.
Rene PaukFonck, Fr.
Manfred vonRichtoffen, Ger.
[The “Red Baron”]
Willy Coppens deHolthust, Belg.
Eddie “Mick”Mannoch, Br.
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Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant
Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant
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Looking for the “Red Baron?”
Looking for the “Red Baron?”
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The ZeppelinThe Zeppelin
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FlameThrowers
FlameThrowers
GrenadeLaunchersGrenade
Launchers
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Poison Gas
Poison Gas
Machine Gun
Machine Gun
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“Art”of
WorldWar I
“Art”of
WorldWar I
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“A Street in Arras”John Singer Sargent, 1918
“A Street in Arras”John Singer Sargent, 1918
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“Oppy Wood” – John Nash, 1917
“Oppy Wood” – John Nash, 1917
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“Those Who Have Lost Their Names”
Albin Eggar-Linz, 1914
“Those Who Have Lost Their Names”
Albin Eggar-Linz, 1914
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“Gassed and Wounded”Eric Kennington, 1918
“Gassed and Wounded”Eric Kennington, 1918
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“Paths of Glory”C. R. W. Nevinson, 1917
“Paths of Glory”C. R. W. Nevinson, 1917
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1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies
50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died
50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died