Chapter 5Chapter 5

WW I & WW IIWW I & WW II

NotesNotes

WWI (1914 – 1918):WWI (1914 – 1918):

I. Causes of WWII. Causes of WWI

A. Militarism A. Militarism – a nation’s – a nation’s policy to maintain policy to maintain strong armed forces.strong armed forces.

1.1. Great Britain and Germany Great Britain and Germany race to have the largest navyrace to have the largest navy

2.2. France, Russia, and Germany France, Russia, and Germany compete to build an armycompete to build an army

B. Imperialism B. Imperialism – a nation’s – a nation’s attempt to gain control of attempt to gain control of weaker nations.weaker nations.

1.1. Europe divided Africa into Europe divided Africa into colonies for raw materials and colonies for raw materials and trade goodstrade goods

2.2. Europe forces China to grant Europe forces China to grant them trading rightsthem trading rights

C. Nationalism C. Nationalism – extreme – extreme pride in one’s country.pride in one’s country.

1. European nations want to 1. European nations want to regain lost territories and add regain lost territories and add landland

D. Alliances D. Alliances – – the formation the formation of military agreements of military agreements among nationsamong nations

1.1. Germany, Austria-Hungary, Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy formed the Triple and Italy formed the Triple Alliance in 1882.Alliance in 1882.

Become the Central PowersBecome the Central Powers

2.2. Great Britain, France, Russia Great Britain, France, Russia formed the Triple Entente in formed the Triple Entente in 1907.1907.

Become the Allies PowersBecome the Allies Powers

II. New WeaponsII. New Weapons

A.A. Machine Gun – Machine Gun – 90% killed were 90% killed were shotshot

B.B. Poison Gas – Germany 1st to Poison Gas – Germany 1st to use in 1915use in 1915

C.C. Airplanes – Airplanes – more for more for observationobservation

D.D.Tanks – troops now able to Tanks – troops now able to leave the trenchesleave the trenches

E.E. Long Range Cannons –Long Range Cannons –lots of lots of destructiondestruction

III. Results of WWIIII. Results of WWI

A. Treaty of VersaillesA. Treaty of Versailles1.1. Forced Germany to accept Forced Germany to accept

sole responsibility for warsole responsibility for war

2.2. Germany had to pay high war Germany had to pay high war debts and lost all coloniesdebts and lost all colonies

3.3. Germany very bitter after Germany very bitter after WWIWWI

B. League of B. League of NationsNations

1.1. Established to keep peace and Established to keep peace and prevent future warsprevent future wars

C. Many nations hurt C. Many nations hurt financially, lots of financially, lots of war debtswar debts

1.1. Increased supply of paper Increased supply of paper moneymoney

2.2. This leads to inflation and This leads to inflation and high prices of goodshigh prices of goods

D. Many angry over D. Many angry over boundaries lines boundaries lines drawn after war, drawn after war, causes tensions causes tensions everywhereeverywhere

WWI PicturesWWI Pictures

Tank

Trench Warfare

Trench Warfare

Trench Warfare

Machine Gun

Machine Gun

Flame Thrower

Long Range Canon

Big Bertha

Tank

Machine Gun

Airplane

Howitzer Howitzer

TankTank

Trench Warfare

Gas Mask

Zeppelin

Bombs for Zeppelin

WWII (1939 – 1945):WWII (1939 – 1945):

I. Problems left over from I. Problems left over from WWI:WWI:

A.A. Germany was bitter over its Germany was bitter over its treatment following WWItreatment following WWI

B.B. Worldwide economic Worldwide economic depression added to poverty depression added to poverty of many nationsof many nations

The Allies = good guysThe Allies = good guys The Axis = bad guysThe Axis = bad guys

II. II. The Rise of Dictators:The Rise of Dictators:A.A. Powerful leaders gained control of Powerful leaders gained control of

Italy (Mussolini), Germany (Hitler), Italy (Mussolini), Germany (Hitler), and Japan (Tojo)and Japan (Tojo)

B.B. Joseph Stalin became Communist Joseph Stalin became Communist dictator of Soviet Uniondictator of Soviet Union

– 1. It was his secret agreement 1. It was his secret agreement with Hitler to divide Polandwith Hitler to divide Poland

– 2. This helped start WWII2. This helped start WWII

III. III. Other Important LeadersOther Important Leaders

A.A. Winston Churchill – Winston Churchill – Great Great BritainBritain

B.B. Charles de Gaulle – Charles de Gaulle – FranceFrance

C.C. Franklin Roosevelt – USAFranklin Roosevelt – USA

D.D. Harry Truman – USAHarry Truman – USA

IV. IV. Results of WWIIResults of WWII

A.A. The United Nations was The United Nations was establishedestablished

B.B. The USA and Soviet Union The USA and Soviet Union emerge as superpowers of the emerge as superpowers of the worldworld

C.C. Germany, Italy, and Japan are Germany, Italy, and Japan are stripped of all lands they seized stripped of all lands they seized before and during the war.before and during the war.

D.D. Great Britain, France, USA, and Great Britain, France, USA, and Soviet Union all keep military in Soviet Union all keep military in different parts of Germanydifferent parts of Germany

E.E. Soviet Union dominates other Soviet Union dominates other East European countriesEast European countries

F.F. USA military in Japan until 1952USA military in Japan until 1952

G.G. The atomic bomb used against The atomic bomb used against Japan 1945 marked the Japan 1945 marked the beginning of the nuclear age.beginning of the nuclear age.

* December 7, 1941 = Pearl * December 7, 1941 = Pearl Harbor & USA start in WWIIHarbor & USA start in WWII

WWII PicturesWWII Pictures

Churchill De Gualle Roosevelt

HitlerMussolini

Tojo

USS California Sinking ~ see people in water

Photograph from a Japanese aircraft of Pearl Harbor including Battleship Row at the beginning of the attack. The explosion in the center is a torpedo strike on the USS West Virginia

DAMAGE CAUSED BY THE ATOMIC BOMB EXPLOSION

Leveled Area...................6.7 million square meters Casualties Killed------73,884 Injured-----74,909 Total------148,793 (Large numbers of people died in the following years from the effects of radioactive poisoning.)

“Fat Boy”

Nagasaki

Japanese - American internment camps