Goal 11 Notes

Recovery, Prosperity, and Turmoil

(1970’ and 1980)

The Vietnam War (1964-1973)

– It was not until several years after the end of the war that the wounds of the war began to heal in America, and Vietnam veterans were recognized and honored for their service and sacrifices.

War Powers Act of 1973

- passed mainly in response to concern that presidents Johnson and Nixon could involve the nation's armed forces in combat without congressional approval

Watergate

- During the 1972 Presidential election, the Democrats nominated Senator George McGovern of South Dakota. Democratic headquarters was in Washington DC in an office building known as the Watergate. Democratic campaign plans were stored there and five men tried to break into the Watergate office to steal them. A watchman called the police, and the burglars were arrested.

New Federalism

A federal program under President Nixon that called for getting rid of several social programs and giving more control to the state and local governments.

Watergate

– President Nixon won reelection by a huge margin, but as his second term began, the Watergate crisis broke out.

– Throughout 1973, new reports suggested that the White House staff had planned the break-in and perhaps even President Nixon.

Watergate

– The FBI began to investigate and two reporters, Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein from the Washington Post, revealed that certain officials close to the president might have planned the break-in.

– Sam Ervin of North Carolina who found out that the president had taped every conversation in his White House office chaired the senate committee.

Watergate– United States v. Nixon (1974) -

ruled that Richard Nixon had to turnover tapes that had been subpoenaed.

– President Nixon resigned and was replaced by Gerald Ford.

– President Ford gave a full pardon hoping to get the country to move on and he felt he could not govern with the distraction of pending criminal action against Nixon

Presidential pardon

The power that the President has to pardon anyone who has commit a crime. Gerald Ford will loss a lot of popularity with the country when he gives Richard Nixon this for his role in the Watergate scandal.

it is when the economy has both inflation and high unemployment. It occurred during the 1970’s and early 1980’s during Nixon, Ford, and Carter’s presidency

TermsStagflation

WIN (Ford)

“Whip inflation now” program that tried to reduce oil and gas consumption President Gerald Ford was behind it

Title IX (1972) - stated that “no person in

the US shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving federal finical assistance.”

Affirmative Action

- programs giving preference to ethnic minorities and women for jobs or school administration to make up for past discrimination.

Supreme Court Decisions

The University of California v. Bakke (1978)

-• The University of

California v. Bakke (1978) - was a court case that ruled that

• Affirmative Action led to reverse discrimination .

United States v. New York Times (1971)

- ruled that the New York Times had the right to publish the pentagon papers. It did not violate national security.

Roe v. Wade (1973)

- upheld the right to have an abortion while parental notification had also been upheld.

United States v. Nixon (1974)

- ruled that Richard Nixon had to turnover tapes that had been subpoenaed.

New Left

- This group organized protests against war, racism, and discrimination against minorities. They were also for abortions.

Détente

- a policy which attempts to relax or ease tensions between nations.

Silicon Valley

- An area in Southern California where a lot of computer chips are produced.

Calculators

- computers built to perform various math functions quickly and flawlessly.

Computers

- machines built to perform operations continuously; built with chips, boards and a lot of plastics

Nuclear Power

- is the producing of power cheaply and without pollution but there are concerns about accidents and how to get rid of the radioactive waste by products.

Three Mile Island and Chernobyl

- two nuclear power plants that had huge incidents that raised concerns about nuclear energy.

ICBM’s

- are Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs) have ranges of greater than 5,500 km. ICBMs create a problem because they enable a country to break out of a regional context and move toward potential global impact.

“Sunbelt” states

- states that line the southern border of the U.S. in which a large population increase occurred during the 1970’s.

HUD

- department of Housing and Urban Development that is in charge of public housing and developing model cities.

solar energy

Solar technologies use the sun's energy and light to provide heat, light, hot water, electricity, and even cooling, for homes, businesses, and industry it is and alternative energy source.

energy crisis

occur during the 1970’s and 1980 when OPEC cut off all oil being sold to the US and it allies which cause energy prices to skyrocket

1976 election

Democrat Jimmy Carter a former governor of Georgia beat Republican Gerald Ford in a very close election. Carter had 297 electoral votes and Ford had 240.

Yasser Arafat-Palestine Nationalism (PLO)

He was the leader of the Palestine Liberation Organization. He will try to get the other Arab nation to support the PLO bid for a homeland for the Palestine people.

Yom Kipper War

Yom Kipper WarA war between Israel and the Arab Nation of Egypt, Syria, Iraq and others in 1973.The US will support Israel and USSR Support Arab Nations. Israel will win the war with better equipment, solders and game plan. Also call the Ramadan War

Camp David Accords

Meetings between President Jimmy Carter, President Sadat of Egypt and Prime Minister Begin of Israel; resulted in a peace treaty between Israel and Egypt.

Jimmy Carter

President of the US who won the election of 1976 because he was viewed as an outsider and a man of good moral standing. He helped negotiated the Camp David Accords. High inflation and the Iran-Hostage Crisis plagued his term.

Meachem Begin

was the prime minister of Israel who signed the Camp David Accords. He also survived the Holocaust

Anwar el-Sadat

President of Egypt who was remembered for signing the Camp David Accords. He will be assassinate for becoming the first Arab leader to have diplomatic relations with Israel.

Shah of Iran

was the leader of Iran from the 1953 until 1978. He will help modernize Iran. He will use brutal tactics to suppress the Muslim leaders and discourage this religion

Ayatollah Khomeini

was a fundamentalist Islamic leader who helped overthrow the Shah in 1979. He helped return Islam to a very important role in people’s lives

Iranian Hostage Crisis

Iranian Hostage Crisis

The US will allow the Shah of Iran to come to the US for medical treatment. Iranian student will capture 52 Americans and hold the hostage for 444 days. They will release the hostages when President Carter leaves office.

amnesty

a promise of immunity from punishment issued to a group of people. President Carter will give blanket a pardon to all Vietnam draft dodgers who did not go fight the war

Election of 1980

President Jimmy Carter was defeat by Ronald Reagan. Reagan will win 489 electoral votes compare to Carters 48. The Republican also gain control of the senate for the first time since the 1950’s

Ronald Reagan

former movie star , governor of California who is a social and fiscal conservative who will win election for President in 1980and reelection in 1984. He will restore pride in the US and help the US win the Cold War.

Mikhail Gorbachev

Soviet leader whose polices of perestroika and glasnost gave Russians more Civil Liberties. He will negotiate with President Reagan on the INF treaty.

INF Treaty

President Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev signed this major arms limitation treaty in 1987 which provided for the dismantling of all short-range and intermediate-range missiles in Europe

Sandra Day O’Connor

was the first woman appoint to the Supreme Court. Ronald Reagan appointed her.

airline deregulation

legislation that help bring down the cost of flying on the average. Presidents Carter and Reagan will complete this.

supply-side economics

a policy of reducing federal taxes at the expense of benefit programs so as to give more money to businesses for investment and consumers for spending.

“trickle down” theory

a economic theory that if you cut taxes for the wealthy, they would then spend their money and that would trickle down to help the rest of the economy.

New Right Coalition

a group made up of social and fiscal conservatives with in the Republican Party during the 1980s and 1990s. Groups like the Moral Majority and Dr Jerry Farwell

William Rehnquist

Chief Justice of the US Supreme Court first Appoint by Richard Nixon, then appoint Chief Justice by President Reagan. He will help lead the Court back to conservative direction

Election of 1984

Republican Ronald Reagan will easily defeat Democrat Walter Mondale with 59% of the popular vote. Reagan will win all the states electoral votes except for Mondale home state of Minnesota and the DC region.

Geraldine Ferraro

first female to run on a major party ticket for the office of Vice President. She was a New York Congress woman.

Strategic defense Initiative (Star Wars)

was a defense system proposed by Ronald Reagan to used lasers to shoot down enemy missiles. This will help end the Cold War because the USSR could not afford to keep up with the US in defense spending

Iran-Contra Affair was the arms for hostage deal. The US sold weapons to Iran for the release of American hostages even though the US has an embargo against Iran. The Reagan administration then took this money and gave it to the Contra’s a group of people fighting the communist in Nicaragua

Iran-Contra Affair

Challenger disaster The Space Shuttle Challenger disaster occurred on the morning of January 28, 1986, at 11:39 EST, when Space Shuttle Challenger was destroyed 73 seconds into its flight due to the failure of an O-ring seal in the right solid rocket booster (SRB).

Election of 1988

the election was between Republican George H. W. Bush and Democrat Michael Dukakis. Bush had been Reagan’s Vice President for 8 years and wins the election by an electoral vote of 426 to Dukakis 111.

Saddam Hussein

was dictator of Iraq from 1979 until 2003, when his regime was overthrown by a United States-led invasion. He will invade Kuwait in 1990 in search of more oil reserves

Persian Gulf Wars

Iraq will invade Kuwait in 1990 in search of more oil. The US will head a collation of 34 other nations and defeat Saddam Hussein. The United Nation will back this war.

Fall of the Berlin Wall

Mark the Symbolic end of the Cold War and the reunification of Germany in 1989-1990.This also shown the fall of traditional communist governments.

Fall of the Berlin Wall “Tear Down This Wall”

Texas v. Johnson

A citizen had burned a flag in public as an act of protest. The Supreme Court ruled that the First Amendment right to freedom of speech applied to this act and therefore, Texas law against harming the flag unconstitutional

Clarence Thomas

Second African American appoint to the Supreme Court. His nomination will be controversial because of allegations of sexual harassment

Tiananmen Square

in Beijing several students and workers held demonstrations for democracy. Government tanks and soldiers crushed the protests. Many students are killed and many more arrested and sent to reeducation camps

Savings and Loan Crisses

The savings and loan crisis of the 1980s and 1990s (commonly dubbed the S&L crisis) was the failure of 1,043 out of the 3,234 savings and loan associations in the United States from 1986 to 1995: FSLIC closed or otherwise resolved 296 institutions from 1986 to 1989 and the (Resolution Trust Corporation) RTC closed or otherwise resolved 747 institutions from 1989 to 1995.[1]